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Intellectual Property Rights: Protection of Biotechnological Inventions in India. 知识产权:印度生物技术发明的保护
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230612145600
Virendra Gomase, Kiran Kemkar, Vaishali Potnis

The current Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) framework supports the commercialization of seed improvement, monoculture, and the patent protection of novel plant varieties, microorganisms, and genetically modified animals. As a consequence, our rich biogenetic diversity is irreversibly dissipating. However, we need to figure out how to create a methodology for elective choices that will achieve harmony between the official Intellectual Property (IP) structure and maintainable biodiversity components. The majority of the biotechnology sector's programmes in India are managed by the Department of Biotechnology. It is under the Ministry of Science and Technology. Its goals are to provide services in the fields of study, infrastructure, human resource development, biotechnology popularisation, industry promotion, and establishment of centres of excellence. Implementation of practise biosafety regulations for genetically modified organisms, recombinant DNA products, and programmes is based on biotechnology for the good of society. This creates an information network for India's bioinformatics mission in the local, national, and worldwide scientific community.

目前的知识产权框架支持种子改良、单一栽培以及保护新植物品种、微生物和转基因动物的商业化。因此,我们丰富的生物遗传多样性正在不可逆转地消失。然而,我们需要弄清楚如何创建一种选择性选择的方法,以实现官方知识产权(IP)结构与可维持的生物多样性组成部分之间的和谐。印度生物技术部门的大多数方案是由生物技术部管理的。它隶属于科学技术部。它的目标是在研究、基础设施、人力资源开发、生物技术普及、促进工业发展和建立卓越中心等领域提供服务。实施转基因生物、重组DNA产品和项目的生物安全法规是基于造福社会的生物技术。这为印度在地方、国家和世界科学界的生物信息学使命创建了一个信息网络。
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引用次数: 0
Technology Prospection of Ora-pro-Nóbis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.): A Non-conventional Food Plant. Ora-pro-Nóbis(Pereskia aculeata Mill.)的技术展望:一种非常规食用植物。
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230502101802
Kellen Miranda Sá, Igor Lima Soares, Marcos Venânces de Souza Leão, Maria Izabel Carneiro Ferreira, Patrícia Georgina Garcia do Nascimento, Claudilane Martins Pontes, Alane Maia da Hora, Lucas Pontes Leal, Maria Nilka de Oliveira, Mary Anne Medeiros Bandeira, Dorasilvia Ferreira Pontes

Background: The ora-pro-nóbis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.) is a plant from Brazilian biodiversity used for food and medicinal purposes. It has ample technological potential, however, it is still underutilized, being classified as a Non-Conventional Food Plant (PANC). Prospective studies in intellectual property banks make it possible to expand perspectives for scientific research, enhancing the generation of new products.

Objective: Evaluate the patents of products containing Pereskia aculeata Mill. for the areas of food and health in intellectual property databases.

Methods: The study was conducted through structured prospective investigation (collection, processing and analysis) in 4 patent databases: National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI) - Brazil, United States Patent and Trademark Office, World Trade Organization Intellectual Property (WIPO) and Espacenet.

Results: The evaluation showed a reduced number of registered patents. In general, 8 patent applications were examined, of which 7 are directly associated with the species (and its derivatives) and 1 is related to a device specially designed for harvesting leaves/fruits and removing thorns. The focus of the patents was the use of the species in the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnological areas, with emphasis on the use of the leaves in the extraction of mucilage and proteins.

Conclusion: This study showed that Pereskia aculeata Mill. is a technologically promising plant, because of its nutritional and medicinal composition, and it is important to encourage innovation and the development of new products with the species.

背景:orra-pro-nóbis(Pereskia aculeata Mill.)是巴西生物多样性中的一种植物,用于食用和药用。它具有巨大的技术潜力,但仍未得到充分利用,被列为非常规食用植物(PANC)。知识产权库中的前瞻性研究可以拓展科学研究的前景,促进新产品的开发:评估知识产权数据库中含有 Pereskia aculeata Mill:本研究通过对 4 个专利数据库进行结构化前瞻性调查(收集、处理和分析)来进行:结果:评估显示,在巴西国家知识产权局(INPI)、美国专利商标局、世界贸易组织知识产权局(WIPO)和 Espacenet:评估结果表明,注册专利数量有所减少。总体而言,共审查了 8 项专利申请,其中 7 项与该物种(及其衍生物)直接相关,1 项与专门设计用于采摘叶片/果实和去除刺的装置有关。专利的重点是该物种在食品、制药和生物技术领域的应用,重点是利用叶片提取粘液和蛋白质:这项研究表明,Pereskia aculeata Mill.因其营养和药用成分而成为一种具有技术前景的植物,因此鼓励创新和开发该物种的新产品非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Gonadotropic Activity of Pituitary Extract of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in Mammals using Immature Wistar Rats as Models. 以未成熟Wistar大鼠为模型的非洲鲶鱼(Clarias gariepinus)垂体提取物在哺乳动物中的促性腺活性
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230313153832
Simon Azubuike Ubah, Samson Eneojo Abalaka, Victory Clara Asibor, Ebenezer Kehinde Ogundana, Itodo Joy Iyojo, Oluwa Adikpe Agbonu, Philemon Kwinjoh Columbus, Kenneth Owoicho Abah, Christopher Ese Obudu, Oluwatobi Akefe Isaac, Prisca Adaoma Ezinwo

Background: The pituitary glands normally produce and stores gonadotropic hormones (GnH) that are responsible for ovulation and spermiation in animals. However, whether fish pituitary extracts can elicit same effects in treated animals need elucidation as a prelude to their practical usage in animals.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the oestrus-inducing potential of the pituitary gland extract of the Africa Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in immature Wistar rats.

Methods: The experiment involved the use of 18 immature female Wistar rats and 10 male catfish brood stocks with the use of six Wistar rats per groups as follows: Group A had human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment. Group B had only normal saline treatment as the control whereas Group C had the C. gariepinus pituitary extract administration to induce oestrus with treatments occurring twice six hours apart in each group.

Results: There was an obvious expression of visible signs of heat and the presence of uterine horn oedema with significant (p < 0.05) increase in reproductive tract weight and uterine width and length. However, only progesterone levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the hCG and the C. gariepinus pituitary extract treated groups compared to other assayed hormones.

Conclusion: These results showed that C. gariepinus pituitary extract has the capacity to induce oestrus in Wistar rats because of its gonadotropic effects, which needs further investigations at higher doses and for longer exposure periods for possible oestrus induction and synchronization in higher mammals. Further favourable results could herald the possible patent of the catfish pituitary extract for either experimental or commercial use in mammals.

垂体通常产生和储存促性腺激素(GnH),这些激素负责动物的排卵和精子形成。然而,这种鱼类垂体提取物是否能在接受治疗的动物身上产生同样的效果,需要进一步阐明,作为其在动物身上实际应用的前奏。垂体通常产生和储存促性腺激素(GnH),这些激素负责动物的排卵和精子形成。然而,这种鱼类垂体提取物是否能在接受治疗的动物身上产生同样的效果,还需要阐明,作为其在动物身上实际应用的前奏。本研究的目的是研究非洲鲶鱼(Clarias gariepinus)垂体提取物对未成熟Wistar大鼠的雌激素诱导潜力。本研究的目的是研究非洲鲶鱼(Clarias gariepinus)垂体提取物对未成熟Wistar大鼠的雌激素诱导潜力。实验使用18只未成熟雌性Wistar大鼠和10只雄性鲶鱼,每组使用6只Wistar大白鼠,如下所示:A组接受人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)治疗。B组仅接受生理盐水治疗,而C组则给予加里皮猴垂体提取物以诱导发情,每组间隔6小时进行两次治疗。明显表现出明显的发热迹象和子宫角水肿,生殖道重量、子宫宽度和长度显著增加(p<0.05)。然而,与其他测定的激素相比,hCG和C.gariepinus垂体提取物处理组中只有孕酮水平显著升高(p<0.05)。这些结果表明,C.gariepinus垂体提取物具有诱导Wistar大鼠发情的能力,因为它具有促性腺激素作用,这需要在更高剂量和更长暴露时间下进行进一步研究,以便在家养反刍动物中诱导和同步发情。没有一个
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引用次数: 0
Meet the Editorial Board Member 与编辑委员会成员见面
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/187220831704230425220041
E. Jacob‐Lopes
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引用次数: 0
The Anti-ulcer Potential of Weissellacibaria Assisted Biofermented Product of Citrus limetta Waste Peel in Wistar Albino Rats 魏氏栲辅助生物发酵产品对 Wistar 白化大鼠抗溃疡的潜力
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.2174/0118722083278152231121173605
Monika Singh, Shreshtha Singh, Dinesh Puri, Shalini K. Sawhney, Nitin Kumar, M. Yasir, Pankaj Nainwal
Citrus limetta (Mosambi) has a high content of flavonoids and exhibits antioxidant activity, which could stimulate the digestive system and be useful for gastroprotective activity. It supports digestion by neutralizing the acidic digestive juices and reducing gastric acidity. This study explored the potential of using waste peel extract from Citrus limetta to prevent ulcers. The study specifically sought to assess the anti-ulcer properties of fermented and non-fermented extracts and compare them. Further, the study looked at the potential benefits of treating or preventing ulcers with Citrus limetta waste peels and whether fermentation affected the efficacy of the treatment. Thirty Wistar albino rats were equally distributed into five different groups. Group 1 received distilled water (20ml/kg/b.w); Group 2 received indomethacin (mg/kg/b.w); Group 3 received Omeprazole (20mg/kg/b.w); Group 4 received aqueous extract of Mosambi peel (400 mg/kg/b.w) and Group 5 received fermented product of extract of Mosambi peel (400 mg/kg/b.w). Findings explored that, compared to non-fermented citrus fruit juice, biofermented had lesser gastric volume (1.58 ± 0.10 ml vs. 1.8 ± 0.14 ml), reduced MDA levels (355.23 ± 100.70 μmol/mg protein vs. 454.49± 155.88 μmol/mg protein), and lower ulcer index (0.49 ± 0.07 vs. 0.72 ± 0.14). The results suggest that the bio-fermented product of Citrus limetta peel has better anti-ulcer potential against peptic ulcer induced by indomethacin in Wistar albino rats compared to non-fermented.
柠檬(Mosambi)含有大量黄酮类化合物,具有抗氧化活性,可刺激消化系统,对胃黏膜有保护作用。它能中和酸性消化液,降低胃酸,从而帮助消化。 本研究探讨了使用柠檬废皮提取物预防溃疡的潜力。研究特别试图评估发酵提取物和非发酵提取物的抗溃疡特性,并对两者进行比较。此外,该研究还探讨了用柠檬废皮治疗或预防溃疡的潜在益处,以及发酵是否会影响治疗效果。 研究人员将 30 只 Wistar 白化大鼠平均分成 5 组。第 1 组接受蒸馏水(20 毫升/千克/体重);第 2 组接受吲哚美辛(毫克/千克/体重);第 3 组接受奥美拉唑(20 毫克/千克/体重);第 4 组接受莫桑比果皮水提取物(400 毫克/千克/体重);第 5 组接受莫桑比果皮提取物发酵产品(400 毫克/千克/体重)。 研究结果表明,与未经发酵的柑橘果汁相比,生物发酵果汁的胃容量较小(1.58 ± 0.10 ml vs. 1.8 ± 0.14 ml),MDA 水平较低(355.23 ± 100.70 μmol/mg 蛋白质 vs. 454.49 ± 155.88 μmol/mg 蛋白质),溃疡指数较低(0.49 ± 0.07 vs. 0.72 ± 0.14)。 结果表明,与未经发酵的产品相比,柠檬皮生物发酵产品对吲哚美辛诱发的 Wistar 白化大鼠消化性溃疡具有更好的抗溃疡潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Bioprospecting of Metabolites from Actinomycetes and their Applications 放线菌代谢物的生物勘探及其应用
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.2174/0118722083269904231114154017
Syed Khalida Izhar, Shareen Fatima Rizvi, F. Fatima, Uzma Afaq, Saba Siddiqui
Actinomycetes are present in various terrestrial and aquatic habitats, predominantly in the soil rhizosphere, encompassing marine and freshwater ecosystems. These microorganisms exhibit characteristics that resemble both bacteria and fungi. Numerous actinomycetes exhibit a mycelial existence and undergo significant morphological transformations. These bacteria are widely recognized as biotechnologically significant microorganisms utilized for the production of secondary metabolites. In all, over 45% of all bioactive microbial metabolites are produced by actinomycetes, which are responsible for producing around 10,000 of them. The majority of actinomycetes exhibit substantial saprophytic characteristics in their natural environment, enabling them to effectively decompose a diverse range of plant and animal waste materials during the process of decomposition. Additionally, these organisms possess a sophisticated secondary metabolic system, which enables them to synthesize almost two-thirds of all naturally occurring antibiotics. Moreover, they can create a diverse array of chemical compounds with medical or agricultural applications, including anticancer, antiparasitic, and antibacterial agents. This review aims to provide an overview of the prominent biotechnological domains in which actinobacteria and their metabolites demonstrate noteworthy applicability. The graphical abstract provides a preview of the primary sections covered in this review.
放线菌存在于各种陆地和水生栖息地,主要是土壤根圈,还包括海洋和淡水生态系统。这些微生物具有类似细菌和真菌的特征。许多放线菌以菌丝体形式存在,并会发生重大形态转变。这些细菌被广泛认为是具有重要生物技术意义的微生物,可用于生产次级代谢物。在所有具有生物活性的微生物代谢物中,45% 以上是由放线菌产生的,其中约有 10,000 种是由放线菌产生的。在自然环境中,大多数放线菌都具有很强的吸附性,能在分解过程中有效地分解各种动植物废料。此外,这些生物拥有复杂的次级代谢系统,能够合成几乎三分之二的天然抗生素。此外,它们还能创造出多种具有医疗或农业用途的化合物,包括抗癌、抗寄生虫和抗菌剂。本综述旨在概述放线菌及其代谢物在哪些重要生物技术领域具有显著的应用价值。图文摘要提供了本综述主要内容的预览。
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引用次数: 0
The Inhibitory Effects of the Herbals Secondary Metabolites (7α-acetoxyroyleanone, Curzerene, Incensole, Harmaline, and Cannabidiol) on COVID-19: A Molecular Docking Study 草药次生代谢物(7α-乙酰氧基木犀草酮、莪术烯、茵陈、哈马琳和大麻二酚)对 COVID-19 的抑制作用:分子对接研究
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.2174/0118722083246773231108045238
Farshid Zargari, Mehdi Mohammadi, Alireza Nowroozi, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat, E. Nakhaei, Fatemeh Rezagholi
Since the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, researchers and studies are continuing to find drugs and/or vaccines against the disease. As shown before, medicinal plants can be very good sources against viruses because of their secondary compounds which may cure diseases and help in survival of patients. In the present study, we test and suggest the inhibitory potential of five herbal based extracts including 7α-acetoxyroyleanone, Curzerene, Incensole, Harmaline, and Cannabidiol with antivirus activity on the models of the significant antiviral targets for COVID-19 like spike glycoprotein, Papain-like protease (PLpro), non-structural protein 15 (NSP15), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and core protease by molecular docking study. The Salvia rythida root was extracted, dried, and pulverized by a milling machine. The aqueous phase and the dichloromethane phase of the root extractive were separated by two-phase extraction using a separatory funnel. The separation was performed using the column chromatography method. The model of the important antivirus drug target of COVID-19 was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and modified. TO study the binding difference between the studied molecules, the docking study was performed. These herbal compounds are extracted from Salvia rhytidea, Curcuma zeodaria, Frankincense, Peganum harmala, and Cannabis herbs, respectively. The binding energies of all compounds on COVID-19 main targets are located in the limited area of 2.22-5.30 kcal/mol. This range of binding energies can support our hypothesis for the presence of the inhibitory effects of the secondary metabolites of mentioned structures on COVID-19. Generally, among the investigated herbal structures, Cannabidiol and 7αacetoxyroyleanone compounds with the highest binding energy have the most inhibitory potential. The least inhibitory effects are related to the Curzerene and Incensole structures by the lowest binding affinity The general arrangement of the basis of the potential barrier of binding energies is in the order below: Cannabidiol > 7α-acetoxyroyleanone > Harmaline> Incensole > Curzerene. Finally, the range of docking scores for investigated herbal compounds on the mentioned targets indicates that the probably inhibitory effects on these targets obey the following order: main protease> RNA-dependent RNA polymerase> PLpro> NSP15> spike glycoprotein.
自 2020 年初爆发 COVID-19 以来,研究人员一直在寻找抗击该疾病的药物和/或疫苗。如前所述,药用植物是抗病毒的良好来源,因为它们的次生化合物可以治疗疾病并帮助患者存活。 在本研究中,我们通过分子对接研究,测试了 7α-acetoxyroyleanone 、Curzerene、Incensole、Harmaline 和 Cannabidiol 等五种草本植物提取物对 COVID-19 的重要抗病毒靶标(如穗糖蛋白、木瓜蛋白酶样蛋白酶 (PLpro)、非结构蛋白 15 (NSP15)、RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶和核心蛋白酶)模型的抑制潜力,并提出了具有抗病毒活性的建议。 将丹参根提取、干燥并用粉碎机粉碎。用分离漏斗将根提取物的水相和二氯甲烷相进行两相萃取分离。分离采用柱层析法。从蛋白质数据库(PDB)中获取并修改了 COVID-19 这一重要抗病毒药物靶点的模型。为了研究研究分子之间的结合差异,进行了对接研究。 这些草药化合物分别提取自丹参、莪术、乳香、五加皮和大麻。所有化合物与 COVID-19 主要靶标的结合能均位于 2.22-5.30 kcal/mol 的有限范围内。这一结合能范围可以支持我们的假设,即上述结构的次生代谢物对 COVID-19 具有抑制作用。一般来说,在所研究的草药结构中,结合能最高的大麻二酚和 7αacetoxyroyleanone 化合物具有最大的抑制潜力。抑制作用最小的是结合亲和力最低的莪术和茵陈结构:大麻二酚 > 7α-acetoxyroyleanone > Harmaline> Incensole > Curzerene。最后,所研究的草药化合物在上述靶标上的对接得分范围表明,对这些靶标的抑制作用可能遵循以下顺序:主蛋白酶> RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶> PLpro> NSP15> 穗糖蛋白。
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引用次数: 0
Patents Selections 专利的选择
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/187220831703230306115220
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引用次数: 0
Patents Selections 专利的选择
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/187220831702230302164332
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引用次数: 0
Meet the Editorial Board Member 与编辑委员会成员见面
Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2174/187220831702230302154730
Norman G. Lewis
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Recent patents on biotechnology
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