Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0118722083313758240813102715
Arshi Siddiqui, Shaizee, Danish Khan
Introduction: This study aimed to focus on the identification, rearing, and exploration of developmental variants of the predatory ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata L., renowned for its efficacy as a biological control agent and its predation on agricultural pests. However, comprehensive knowledge concerning the occurrence and characteristics of developmental variants in this species remains limited.
Methods: In this study, through meticulous monitoring and exploration, we identified developmental variants exhibiting distinct sexual attributes, as well as survival rates.
Results: The research outcomes enhance our understanding of the developmental variations within an egg batch of C. septempunctata.
Conclusion: Moreover, the findings hold practical implications for the implementation of biological control strategies in agriculture, as specific variants may possess unique characteristics that enhance their effectiveness as natural enemies against pests. Furthermore, the increasing competitiveness in the artificial diet space for scientific models raises questions about intellectual property rights (IPR), patents, and strategies. This overview looks at recent developments and advanced protection strategies in this field to help understand the present state of IPR and patents in an artificial food for insects.
{"title":"Exploration of Developmental Variants of Predatory Ladybird, <i>Coccinella septumpunctata</i> L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on an Artificial Diet.","authors":"Arshi Siddiqui, Shaizee, Danish Khan","doi":"10.2174/0118722083313758240813102715","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083313758240813102715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to focus on the identification, rearing, and exploration of developmental variants of the predatory ladybird, <i>Coccinella septempunctata</i> L., renowned for its efficacy as a biological control agent and its predation on agricultural pests. However, comprehensive knowledge concerning the occurrence and characteristics of developmental variants in this species remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, through meticulous monitoring and exploration, we identified developmental variants exhibiting distinct sexual attributes, as well as survival rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The research outcomes enhance our understanding of the developmental variations within an egg batch of <i>C. septempunctata</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moreover, the findings hold practical implications for the implementation of biological control strategies in agriculture, as specific variants may possess unique characteristics that enhance their effectiveness as natural enemies against pests. Furthermore, the increasing competitiveness in the artificial diet space for scientific models raises questions about intellectual property rights (IPR), patents, and strategies. This overview looks at recent developments and advanced protection strategies in this field to help understand the present state of IPR and patents in an artificial food for insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"244-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0118722083309510240625085931
Flora Kiaghobadi, Ali Dehshahri, Younes Ghasemi, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
Aims: Here, we will review different bacterial causes of respiratory tract infections and discuss the available diagnostic methods. Moreover, we will provide some recently published patents and newer techniques, such as respiratory panels and omics approaches, and express the challenges in this path.
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) include those infections that can lead to the involvement of different respiratory parts, including the sinuses, throat, airways, and lungs. Acute respiratory tract infection is the leading cause of death from infectious illnesses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 1.6 to 2.2 million deaths have occurred due to acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age. About 4 million people die annually from respiratory infections, 98% of which are caused by lower respiratory infections.
Results: Depending on the type of pathogen, the severity of the infection can vary from mild to severe and even cause death. The most important pathogens involved in respiratory tract infections include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The symptoms are often similar, but the treatment can vary greatly. Therefore, correct diagnosis is so important. There are several methods for diagnosing respiratory infections. Traditional tests include the culture of respiratory samples, considered the primary tool for diagnosing respiratory infections in laboratories, and less common standard tests include rapid and antigenic tests. It is essential to think that the culture method is reliable. In the original method of diagnosing respiratory infections, some bacteria were challenging to grow successfully, and many clinical laboratories needed to be equipped for viral cultures. Another issue is the time to get the results, which may take up to 7 days. Rapid and antigenic tests are faster but need to be more accurate.
Conclusion: The clinical laboratories are trying to be equipped with molecular methods for detecting respiratory pathogens and identifying the genetic material of the infectious agent in these new methods as the primary method in their agenda.
{"title":"Emerging Methods in the Identification of Bacterial Respiratory Tract Pathogens.","authors":"Flora Kiaghobadi, Ali Dehshahri, Younes Ghasemi, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat","doi":"10.2174/0118722083309510240625085931","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083309510240625085931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Here, we will review different bacterial causes of respiratory tract infections and discuss the available diagnostic methods. Moreover, we will provide some recently published patents and newer techniques, such as respiratory panels and omics approaches, and express the challenges in this path.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) include those infections that can lead to the involvement of different respiratory parts, including the sinuses, throat, airways, and lungs. Acute respiratory tract infection is the leading cause of death from infectious illnesses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 1.6 to 2.2 million deaths have occurred due to acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age. About 4 million people die annually from respiratory infections, 98% of which are caused by lower respiratory infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depending on the type of pathogen, the severity of the infection can vary from mild to severe and even cause death. The most important pathogens involved in respiratory tract infections include <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae</i>, and <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>. The symptoms are often similar, but the treatment can vary greatly. Therefore, correct diagnosis is so important. There are several methods for diagnosing respiratory infections. Traditional tests include the culture of respiratory samples, considered the primary tool for diagnosing respiratory infections in laboratories, and less common standard tests include rapid and antigenic tests. It is essential to think that the culture method is reliable. In the original method of diagnosing respiratory infections, some bacteria were challenging to grow successfully, and many clinical laboratories needed to be equipped for viral cultures. Another issue is the time to get the results, which may take up to 7 days. Rapid and antigenic tests are faster but need to be more accurate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical laboratories are trying to be equipped with molecular methods for detecting respiratory pathogens and identifying the genetic material of the infectious agent in these new methods as the primary method in their agenda.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"198-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases. Particularly for poor developing nations, edible vaccines show significant potential as a financially advantageous, simple to administer, straightforward to store, fail-safe, and socially and culturally acceptable vaccine delivery system. A vaccine incorporates the gene-encoding bacterial or viral disease-causing agent in plants without losing its immunogenic property. Potatoes, tomatoes, rice, soybeans, and bananas are the primary plants for edible vaccines. It activates the systemic and mucosal immunity responses against a foreign disease-causing organism. It offers exciting possibilities to reduce diseases like hepatitis B, rabies, HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome), etc. These vaccines provide many benefits, like being convenient to administer, efficiently storing, and readily acceptable drug delivery systems for patients of different age groups. So, an edible vaccine may be the most convenient vaccine to improve immunity. However, there are a lot of technical and regulatory challenges to overcome in the way of edible vaccine technology. Though all seem surmountable, various technical obstacles and regulatory and non-scientific challenges need to be overcome. Moreover, edible vaccine patents represent a cutting-edge area of biotechnology, where the integration of genetic material into edible substances holds great promise for revolutionizing vaccination methods. These patents aim to harness the potential of plants and other edibles to stimulate immune responses, offering a potential alternative to traditional injectable vaccines. This review states the technologies, host plants, current status, recent patents, the future of this new preventive modality, and different regulatory issues concerning edible vaccines.
{"title":"Edible Vaccines: A Patent-Driven Exploration of Immunization Technologies.","authors":"Sahil Kashyap, Rohit Kamboj, Shikha Kamboj, Kumar Guarve, Sweta Kamboj","doi":"10.2174/0118722083275041231219060829","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118722083275041231219060829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases. Particularly for poor developing nations, edible vaccines show significant potential as a financially advantageous, simple to administer, straightforward to store, fail-safe, and socially and culturally acceptable vaccine delivery system. A vaccine incorporates the gene-encoding bacterial or viral disease-causing agent in plants without losing its immunogenic property. Potatoes, tomatoes, rice, soybeans, and bananas are the primary plants for edible vaccines. It activates the systemic and mucosal immunity responses against a foreign disease-causing organism. It offers exciting possibilities to reduce diseases like hepatitis B, rabies, HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome), etc. These vaccines provide many benefits, like being convenient to administer, efficiently storing, and readily acceptable drug delivery systems for patients of different age groups. So, an edible vaccine may be the most convenient vaccine to improve immunity. However, there are a lot of technical and regulatory challenges to overcome in the way of edible vaccine technology. Though all seem surmountable, various technical obstacles and regulatory and non-scientific challenges need to be overcome. Moreover, edible vaccine patents represent a cutting-edge area of biotechnology, where the integration of genetic material into edible substances holds great promise for revolutionizing vaccination methods. These patents aim to harness the potential of plants and other edibles to stimulate immune responses, offering a potential alternative to traditional injectable vaccines. This review states the technologies, host plants, current status, recent patents, the future of this new preventive modality, and different regulatory issues concerning edible vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The present study examined Polyhydroxy butyrate production (PHB) potential of different photosynthetic microbes such as Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Rhodobacter capsulatus-PK under different nutrient conditions. Biodegradable bioplastics, such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB), derived from these microbes provide a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based nondegradable plastics.
Background: As the demand for clean and sustainable alternatives rises, bio-plastic is gaining attention as a viable substitute to conventional plastics. However, conventional sources of bio-plastic production have inherent limitations, which can be effectively addressed through the utilization of photosynthetic microbes e.g. microalgae, purple non sulphur bacteria.
Methodology: The production of bioplastic was evaluated by cultivating the microalgae in BG-11, BBM and PNSB in synthetic growth media (MI, MII) with different nitrogen concentrations of 0%, 50% and 100%. The biopolymer (PHB) was obtained from all experiments in a wide range of concentration (7-42.8%) of dry cell weight (DCW).
Results: In this study, algal isolate SK1 demonstrated the highest PHB content (42.8%) in BBM under 100% nitrogen starvations rendering the bioplastic exceptionally compatible and suitable for eco-friendly applications. Additionally, various patents cited by different authors on different aspects of microbial bioplastic production.
Conclusion: Nutrition depletion such as nitrogen scarcity induced stressful growth conditions that resulted in highest accumulation of the biopolymer PHB. Optimizing nitrogen availability is key to maximizing PHB production, making it a viable sustainable alternative to conventional plastics.
{"title":"Exploration of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Production Potential of Photosynthetic Microbes: A Sustainable Source of Bioplastic.","authors":"Saima Shahzad Mirza, Kanza Yaseen, Sumaira Aslam, Ammara Fatima, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat, Ayesha Ishaque, Kalsoom Fatima","doi":"10.2174/0118722083295143241220054012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083295143241220054012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study examined Polyhydroxy butyrate production (PHB) potential of different photosynthetic microbes such as Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Rhodobacter capsulatus-PK under different nutrient conditions. Biodegradable bioplastics, such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB), derived from these microbes provide a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based nondegradable plastics.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>As the demand for clean and sustainable alternatives rises, bio-plastic is gaining attention as a viable substitute to conventional plastics. However, conventional sources of bio-plastic production have inherent limitations, which can be effectively addressed through the utilization of photosynthetic microbes e.g. microalgae, purple non sulphur bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The production of bioplastic was evaluated by cultivating the microalgae in BG-11, BBM and PNSB in synthetic growth media (MI, MII) with different nitrogen concentrations of 0%, 50% and 100%. The biopolymer (PHB) was obtained from all experiments in a wide range of concentration (7-42.8%) of dry cell weight (DCW).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, algal isolate SK1 demonstrated the highest PHB content (42.8%) in BBM under 100% nitrogen starvations rendering the bioplastic exceptionally compatible and suitable for eco-friendly applications. Additionally, various patents cited by different authors on different aspects of microbial bioplastic production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutrition depletion such as nitrogen scarcity induced stressful growth conditions that resulted in highest accumulation of the biopolymer PHB. Optimizing nitrogen availability is key to maximizing PHB production, making it a viable sustainable alternative to conventional plastics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science, as well as selected herbal medicine journals. The inclusion of herbal medicine journals was justified by the growing interest in green-synthesized nanoparticles derived from plant extracts, which are relevant to the focus of this review. Articles published between 2015 and 2023 were evaluated. To ensure a robust selection process, studies were assessed for quality using specific criteria beyond the AXIS checklist, including study design, sample size, and methodological rigor. Any discrepancies between reviewers were resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. This approach aimed to minimize bias and ensure the inclusion of high-quality studies that contribute meaningfully to the review's objectives.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of this review was to investigate the therapeutic implications of green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles, such as silver and zinc nanoparticles, in addressing dental caries, with a focus on their antibacterial properties and potential to improve current treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, and herbal medicine journals were searched, and articles from 2015 to 2023 were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 22 clinical trials were reviewed, and the effectiveness of synthesized nanoparticles was demonstrated in nearly all of them. The nanoparticles found to be most effective against tooth decay-causing bacteria include silver, zinc, selenium, nickel, and copper nanoparticles. To provide greater clarity, key findings, such as nanoparticle size, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, and specific antibacterial effects, are presented in a table. Additionally, a more in-depth comparison was made between these nanoparticles, focusing on their relative effectiveness under different conditions. For example, silver nanoparticles were consistently effective across various trials due to their strong antimicrobial properties, while zinc and copper nanoparticles showed efficacy in specific concentrations and against particular bacterial strains. Furthermore, green-synthesized nanoparticles were compared with those produced using traditional methods, evaluating factors, such as effectiveness, scalability, and safety, to provide a comprehensive understanding of their potential in dental caries treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the literature review, nanoparticles with antibacterial properties have the potential to serve as an alternative or complement to conventional chemical treatments for combating tooth decay. Future research should focus on exploring specific types of nanoparticles, such as green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles (e.g., sil
本研究在PubMed、谷歌Scholar、SID、Scopus、Medline、Web of Science等多个数据库以及精选的草药期刊中进行了全面的检索。从植物提取物中提取的绿色合成纳米颗粒的兴趣日益增长,这与本综述的重点有关,因此纳入草药期刊是合理的。对2015年至2023年间发表的文章进行了评估。为了确保稳健的选择过程,使用AXIS清单之外的特定标准评估研究的质量,包括研究设计、样本量和方法的严谨性。审稿人之间的任何差异都通过与第三审稿人的讨论或咨询来解决。该方法旨在最大限度地减少偏倚,并确保纳入对综述目标有意义的高质量研究。目的:本综述的主要目的是研究绿色合成的金属纳米颗粒,如银和锌纳米颗粒,在治疗龋齿方面的治疗意义,重点是它们的抗菌特性和改进当前治疗方式的潜力。材料与方法:本研究检索PubMed、谷歌Scholar、SID、Scopus、Medline、Web of Science、herbal medicine期刊,对2015 - 2023年的文章进行评价。结果:本研究回顾了22项临床试验,几乎所有的试验都证明了合成纳米颗粒的有效性。研究发现,对蛀牙细菌最有效的纳米颗粒包括银、锌、硒、镍和铜纳米颗粒。为了提供更清晰的信息,关键发现,如纳米颗粒大小、最小抑制浓度(MIC)值和特定的抗菌效果,在表格中列出。此外,对这些纳米颗粒进行了更深入的比较,重点研究了它们在不同条件下的相对有效性。例如,银纳米粒子由于其强大的抗菌性能,在各种试验中始终有效,而锌和铜纳米粒子在特定浓度下和对特定细菌菌株有效。此外,将绿色合成的纳米颗粒与传统方法生产的纳米颗粒进行比较,评估其有效性、可扩展性和安全性等因素,以全面了解其在龋齿治疗中的潜力。结论:根据文献综述,具有抗菌特性的纳米颗粒有可能作为传统化学治疗对抗蛀牙的替代或补充。未来的研究应侧重于探索特定类型的纳米颗粒,如绿色合成的金属纳米颗粒(如银和锌),它们已显示出良好的抗菌效果。此外,应更加重视优化合成方法,以提高临床应用的生物相容性和可扩展性。利用药用植物开发可负担得起的治疗方案进行绿色合成尤其有希望,应该进一步探索使基于纳米粒子的治疗方法在临床环境中更容易获得。
{"title":"The Effect of Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles on Dental Caries-Causing Bacteria: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Asma Sepahdar, Behnoush Selahbarzin, Atoosa Vaez Naini, Samira Jafari, Mehrnaz Moradi, Pegah Shakib","doi":"10.2174/0118722083343723241204053839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083343723241204053839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science, as well as selected herbal medicine journals. The inclusion of herbal medicine journals was justified by the growing interest in green-synthesized nanoparticles derived from plant extracts, which are relevant to the focus of this review. Articles published between 2015 and 2023 were evaluated. To ensure a robust selection process, studies were assessed for quality using specific criteria beyond the AXIS checklist, including study design, sample size, and methodological rigor. Any discrepancies between reviewers were resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. This approach aimed to minimize bias and ensure the inclusion of high-quality studies that contribute meaningfully to the review's objectives.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of this review was to investigate the therapeutic implications of green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles, such as silver and zinc nanoparticles, in addressing dental caries, with a focus on their antibacterial properties and potential to improve current treatment modalities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, and herbal medicine journals were searched, and articles from 2015 to 2023 were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 22 clinical trials were reviewed, and the effectiveness of synthesized nanoparticles was demonstrated in nearly all of them. The nanoparticles found to be most effective against tooth decay-causing bacteria include silver, zinc, selenium, nickel, and copper nanoparticles. To provide greater clarity, key findings, such as nanoparticle size, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, and specific antibacterial effects, are presented in a table. Additionally, a more in-depth comparison was made between these nanoparticles, focusing on their relative effectiveness under different conditions. For example, silver nanoparticles were consistently effective across various trials due to their strong antimicrobial properties, while zinc and copper nanoparticles showed efficacy in specific concentrations and against particular bacterial strains. Furthermore, green-synthesized nanoparticles were compared with those produced using traditional methods, evaluating factors, such as effectiveness, scalability, and safety, to provide a comprehensive understanding of their potential in dental caries treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the literature review, nanoparticles with antibacterial properties have the potential to serve as an alternative or complement to conventional chemical treatments for combating tooth decay. Future research should focus on exploring specific types of nanoparticles, such as green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles (e.g., sil","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.2174/0118722083343490241130163344
Maria Auxiliadora de Oliveira, Vinícius Souza Tarabal, Felipe Ferreira Silva, Diego Fernandes Livio, Daniela Regiane da Silva, Adriano Guimarães Parreira, Daniel Bonoto Gonçalves, José Antônio da Silva, Pedro Pires Goulart Guimarães, Paulo Afonso Granjeiro
Background: The increasing industrialization and hydrocarbon use have led to concerning soil contamination. Oil spills and improper disposal of oily waste pose threats to ecosystems and human health. The recovery of these environments is essential, but separating oily components from soil remains challenging. Current bioremediation strategies using synthetic surfactants can cause secondary contamination. Microbial biosurfactants, which are biodegradable and low in toxicity, emerge as promising solutions, and this study reviews methods for utilizing these biosurfactants in the environmental bioremediation of hydrocarbons.
Objective: This study explores the efficient and eco-friendly use of biosurfactants for hydrocarbon- contaminated soil management, providing a market-oriented analysis of recent patents and trends, and highlighting the transition from academic research to industrial applications.
Method: The methodology involves an extensive literature review, careful selection of recent studies and patents on biosurfactants in hydrocarbon bioremediation, critical analysis of in-situ and ex-situ application methods, assessment of commercial viability, and synthesis of findings to contribute to sustainable solutions in contaminated environments.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the extensive applicability of biosurfactants across various industrial sectors. The increasing interest in incorporating biosurfactants into industrial processes is driven by the pressing need for sustainable solutions to address tangible market challenges. Notably, the cosmetics industry exhibited the highest number of patents related to the use of biosurfactants, underscoring its significant role in advancing the adoption of these environmentally friendly agents. This trend highlights the critical demand for sustainable alternatives in product formulations and underscores the pivotal role of biosurfactants in fostering eco-innovation within the industry.
{"title":"Biosurfactants Used in the Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated With Hydrocarbons - Overview of the State of the Art and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Maria Auxiliadora de Oliveira, Vinícius Souza Tarabal, Felipe Ferreira Silva, Diego Fernandes Livio, Daniela Regiane da Silva, Adriano Guimarães Parreira, Daniel Bonoto Gonçalves, José Antônio da Silva, Pedro Pires Goulart Guimarães, Paulo Afonso Granjeiro","doi":"10.2174/0118722083343490241130163344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083343490241130163344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing industrialization and hydrocarbon use have led to concerning soil contamination. Oil spills and improper disposal of oily waste pose threats to ecosystems and human health. The recovery of these environments is essential, but separating oily components from soil remains challenging. Current bioremediation strategies using synthetic surfactants can cause secondary contamination. Microbial biosurfactants, which are biodegradable and low in toxicity, emerge as promising solutions, and this study reviews methods for utilizing these biosurfactants in the environmental bioremediation of hydrocarbons.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the efficient and eco-friendly use of biosurfactants for hydrocarbon- contaminated soil management, providing a market-oriented analysis of recent patents and trends, and highlighting the transition from academic research to industrial applications.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The methodology involves an extensive literature review, careful selection of recent studies and patents on biosurfactants in hydrocarbon bioremediation, critical analysis of in-situ and ex-situ application methods, assessment of commercial viability, and synthesis of findings to contribute to sustainable solutions in contaminated environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrates the extensive applicability of biosurfactants across various industrial sectors. The increasing interest in incorporating biosurfactants into industrial processes is driven by the pressing need for sustainable solutions to address tangible market challenges. Notably, the cosmetics industry exhibited the highest number of patents related to the use of biosurfactants, underscoring its significant role in advancing the adoption of these environmentally friendly agents. This trend highlights the critical demand for sustainable alternatives in product formulations and underscores the pivotal role of biosurfactants in fostering eco-innovation within the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: One of the main sources of contaminated dairy products is moldy fungi, specifically species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of Allium jesdianum plant on the growth of molds contaminating dairy products in Isfahan.
Materials and methods: In this research, 200 samples of dairy products were gathered from different areas of Isfahan city, including 70 samples of cheese, 60 samples of buttermilk, 40 samples of yogurt, 20 samples of curd, and 10 samples of cream. The antifungal activity of Allium jesdianum plant was investigated by the diffusion method in disc, well, and agar dilution in various concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fatal concentration (MFC) were also determined. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Acremonium fungi were the most commonly found fungal contaminants of this investigation. Antifungal activity was not observed by disc diffusion and well diffusion methods.
Results: In the agar dilution method, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of stem and leaves in concentrations of 80, 60, 40, and 30 mg/ml, and ethanolic and methanolic extracts of plant bulbs in concentrations of 60 and 30 mg/ml revealed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. The MIC of stem and leaf ethanol extracts and onion ethanol for Aspergillus niger was 18.7, and for Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum, it was 37.5, 37.5, 37.5, and 37.5 mg/ml. Fungal contamination of dairy products is a serious threat to the public health of society. Therefore, identifying medicinal plants with antifungal activity can be an effective step in preventing fungal contamination and increasing the shelf life of these products.
Conclusion: The results of this research have shown that the Allium jesdianum plant can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium chrysogenum.
{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Allium Jesdianum on Fungi-Contaminated Dairy Products.","authors":"Fatemeh Fallahi, Shirin Naghdifar, Zahra Sadri Irani, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Kazemi, Pegah Shakib, Mahboobeh Madani","doi":"10.2174/0118722083332626241129061731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083332626241129061731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the main sources of contaminated dairy products is moldy fungi, specifically species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of Allium jesdianum plant on the growth of molds contaminating dairy products in Isfahan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this research, 200 samples of dairy products were gathered from different areas of Isfahan city, including 70 samples of cheese, 60 samples of buttermilk, 40 samples of yogurt, 20 samples of curd, and 10 samples of cream. The antifungal activity of Allium jesdianum plant was investigated by the diffusion method in disc, well, and agar dilution in various concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fatal concentration (MFC) were also determined. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Acremonium fungi were the most commonly found fungal contaminants of this investigation. Antifungal activity was not observed by disc diffusion and well diffusion methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the agar dilution method, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of stem and leaves in concentrations of 80, 60, 40, and 30 mg/ml, and ethanolic and methanolic extracts of plant bulbs in concentrations of 60 and 30 mg/ml revealed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. The MIC of stem and leaf ethanol extracts and onion ethanol for Aspergillus niger was 18.7, and for Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum, it was 37.5, 37.5, 37.5, and 37.5 mg/ml. Fungal contamination of dairy products is a serious threat to the public health of society. Therefore, identifying medicinal plants with antifungal activity can be an effective step in preventing fungal contamination and increasing the shelf life of these products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this research have shown that the Allium jesdianum plant can inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, and Penicillium chrysogenum.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Among the bioactive isoflavones identified from different plants is formononetin. Formononetin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer qualities have all received a lot of attention lately. The goal of the current investigation was to examine formononetin's antifungal and antibacterial activity against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in vitro, respectively.
Methods: The present study determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of formononetin, chlorhexidine, formononetin + chlorhexidine, Formononetin+ nystatin, and nystatin against E. faecalis and C. albicans isolates. Next, SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. A significance cutoff of P<0.05 was taken into account.
Results: Chlorhexidine + formononetin and formononetin alone had the greatest and lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against E. faecalis, at 6.6 and 18.3 μg/ml, respectively. With MIC values of 0.66 and 8.3 μg/ml against a C. albicans isolate sensitive to nystatin, the combination of formononetin + nystatin and formononetin alone was shown to have the greatest and lowest anti-candida effects.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrated a considerably greater antibacterial effect (P<0.05) for the combinations of formononetin + nystatin and chlorhexidine as compared to nystatin and chlorhexidine alone.
背景:从不同植物中鉴定出的具有生物活性的异黄酮中有芒柄花素。刺芒柄花素的抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌特性最近都受到了很多关注。本研究的目的是研究刺芒柄花素对白色念珠菌和粪肠球菌的体外抗真菌和抗菌活性。方法:测定刺芒柄花素、氯己定、刺芒柄花素+氯己定、刺芒柄花素+制霉菌素和制霉菌素对分离株粪大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)和最小杀真菌浓度(MFC)。其次,使用SPSS version 25对数据进行分析。结果:氯己定+刺芒柄花素和单用刺芒柄花素对粪肠杆菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC)分别为6.6和18.3 μg/ml。对制霉菌素敏感的白色念珠菌的MIC值分别为0.66和8.3 μg/ml,刺芒柄花素+制霉菌素和单用刺芒柄花素的抗假丝酵母菌效果最好和最低。结论:本研究结果显示了较好的抗菌效果(P
{"title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Formononetin Against the Periodental Pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.","authors":"Negar Delfan, Maryam Dalaei Moghadam, Pegah Shakib, Asma Sepahdar, Zahra Naghibeiranvand","doi":"10.2174/0118722083342082241129060918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083342082241129060918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among the bioactive isoflavones identified from different plants is formononetin. Formononetin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer qualities have all received a lot of attention lately. The goal of the current investigation was to examine formononetin's antifungal and antibacterial activity against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in vitro, respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of formononetin, chlorhexidine, formononetin + chlorhexidine, Formononetin+ nystatin, and nystatin against E. faecalis and C. albicans isolates. Next, SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. A significance cutoff of P<0.05 was taken into account.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chlorhexidine + formononetin and formononetin alone had the greatest and lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against E. faecalis, at 6.6 and 18.3 μg/ml, respectively. With MIC values of 0.66 and 8.3 μg/ml against a C. albicans isolate sensitive to nystatin, the combination of formononetin + nystatin and formononetin alone was shown to have the greatest and lowest anti-candida effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings demonstrated a considerably greater antibacterial effect (P<0.05) for the combinations of formononetin + nystatin and chlorhexidine as compared to nystatin and chlorhexidine alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.2174/0118722083325164241015103217
Reza Afrisham, Vida Farrokhi, Roya Moradi, Shaban Alizadeh
Introduction: The market offers a wide range of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolation products, but their lack of standardization is a concern. Therefore, it is important to carefully assess the quality of the EVs obtained using these products. In this study, we compared the EXOCIB kit with the ultracentrifuge method, which is considered the gold standard for small EV isolation.
Methods: After overnight fasting, small plasma EVs were extracted from four individuals using both the ultracentrifuge and the EXOCIB kit methods. The pooled EVs were then compared for the presence of the cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63) protein using the western blot analysis, and their size and zeta potential were performed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In addition, the size and morphology of small EVs were determined by using the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technique.
Results: An average hydrodynamic size of 135.7 nm and a zeta potential of -6.33 Mv at 25°C was found for small EVs isolated by the ultracentrifuge, whereas the kit method resulted in small EVs with a hydrodynamic size of 102.8 nm and a zeta potential of -0.907. Notably, the size of the particles in the kit samples was smaller compared to those obtained through the ultracentrifuge (P < 0.001). The western blot method confirmed the expression of CD63 in both methods, so the ultracentrifuge yielded small EVs with a higher level of purity compared to the kit-based approach (P = 0.036).
Conclusion: The DLS findings revealed the existence of vesicles within the appropriate size range for small EVs like exosomes in both isolation techniques. The results of the western blot analysis, in conjunction with DLS, displayed that the ultracentrifuge method extracted small EVs with a greater degree of purity than the kit-based approach.
{"title":"Comparison of the Characteristics of Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated by Ultracentrifugation and a Commercial Kit.","authors":"Reza Afrisham, Vida Farrokhi, Roya Moradi, Shaban Alizadeh","doi":"10.2174/0118722083325164241015103217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083325164241015103217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The market offers a wide range of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolation products, but their lack of standardization is a concern. Therefore, it is important to carefully assess the quality of the EVs obtained using these products. In this study, we compared the EXOCIB kit with the ultracentrifuge method, which is considered the gold standard for small EV isolation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After overnight fasting, small plasma EVs were extracted from four individuals using both the ultracentrifuge and the EXOCIB kit methods. The pooled EVs were then compared for the presence of the cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63) protein using the western blot analysis, and their size and zeta potential were performed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In addition, the size and morphology of small EVs were determined by using the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An average hydrodynamic size of 135.7 nm and a zeta potential of -6.33 Mv at 25°C was found for small EVs isolated by the ultracentrifuge, whereas the kit method resulted in small EVs with a hydrodynamic size of 102.8 nm and a zeta potential of -0.907. Notably, the size of the particles in the kit samples was smaller compared to those obtained through the ultracentrifuge (P < 0.001). The western blot method confirmed the expression of CD63 in both methods, so the ultracentrifuge yielded small EVs with a higher level of purity compared to the kit-based approach (P = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DLS findings revealed the existence of vesicles within the appropriate size range for small EVs like exosomes in both isolation techniques. The results of the western blot analysis, in conjunction with DLS, displayed that the ultracentrifuge method extracted small EVs with a greater degree of purity than the kit-based approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.2174/0118722083332040241011050802
Anuskha Kala, Krati Saini, Sanjeev Kimothi, Rashmi Verma, Kamal K Kar, Pankaj Chamoli
Background: Harmful microorganisms like pathogens significantly impact human health. Meanwhile, industrial growth causes pollution and water contamination by releasing untreated hazardous waste. Effective treatment of these microorganisms and contaminants is essential, and nanocomposites may be a promising solution. The present attempt demonstrates the green synthesis of α-Fe2O3@TiO2 nanocomposites (FTNCs) for the effective treatment of pathogens and organic contaminants.
Methods: The α-Fe2O3@TiO2 nanocomposites (FTNCs) has been synthesized through a green approach utilizing curcumin extract. Curcumin (Turmeric) extract (TEx) was prepared by washing, drying, and crushing 5 g of turmeric, then boiling it in 100 mL distilled water at 70°C for 1 hour. Metal salts (Fe3+/Ti4+, 2:1) were added to 100 mL of TEx under continuous stirring at 70°C for 24 h. The solution was rinsed and dried at 80°C overnight and heated at 300°C for 3 h to remove impurities.
Results: Synthesized FTNCs have been tested for the potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.). Observations discovered noteworthy inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria by FTNCs. Furthermore, the FTNCs system shows the energy band gap of ~2.6 eV which may suppress electron recombination, thereby enhancing photocatalysis and examined against Evans blue (EB) and Congo red (CR) dyes under UV and visible light (125 W) irradiation. The remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency (DE) for CR reached ~67.4% in 60 min.
Conclusion: A simple green approach has been demonstrated for the synthesis of the FTNCs using curcumin-mediated reduction. As prepared FTNCs have been evaluated for potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.).
Observations: The results show that the highest ZID values have been obtained for 5 mg/mL concertation of FTNCs of ~14, 22,18, 21, and 20 and 29 mm for E. coli, S. abony, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. Additionally, FTNCs demonstrate remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency against EB and CR dyes under UV (125 W) irradiation, achieving 56, 67% degradation within 60 minutes for EB and CR. The findings suggest that the FTNCs hold promise for long-term antimicrobial efficacy against various bacteria and offer the potential for addressing water and wastewater contaminants through photocatalysis.
{"title":"Curcumin-assisted Preparation of α-Fe2O3@TiO2 Nanocomposites for Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Activity.","authors":"Anuskha Kala, Krati Saini, Sanjeev Kimothi, Rashmi Verma, Kamal K Kar, Pankaj Chamoli","doi":"10.2174/0118722083332040241011050802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118722083332040241011050802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Harmful microorganisms like pathogens significantly impact human health. Meanwhile, industrial growth causes pollution and water contamination by releasing untreated hazardous waste. Effective treatment of these microorganisms and contaminants is essential, and nanocomposites may be a promising solution. The present attempt demonstrates the green synthesis of α-Fe2O3@TiO2 nanocomposites (FTNCs) for the effective treatment of pathogens and organic contaminants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The α-Fe2O3@TiO2 nanocomposites (FTNCs) has been synthesized through a green approach utilizing curcumin extract. Curcumin (Turmeric) extract (TEx) was prepared by washing, drying, and crushing 5 g of turmeric, then boiling it in 100 mL distilled water at 70°C for 1 hour. Metal salts (Fe3+/Ti4+, 2:1) were added to 100 mL of TEx under continuous stirring at 70°C for 24 h. The solution was rinsed and dried at 80°C overnight and heated at 300°C for 3 h to remove impurities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Synthesized FTNCs have been tested for the potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.). Observations discovered noteworthy inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria by FTNCs. Furthermore, the FTNCs system shows the energy band gap of ~2.6 eV which may suppress electron recombination, thereby enhancing photocatalysis and examined against Evans blue (EB) and Congo red (CR) dyes under UV and visible light (125 W) irradiation. The remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency (DE) for CR reached ~67.4% in 60 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A simple green approach has been demonstrated for the synthesis of the FTNCs using curcumin-mediated reduction. As prepared FTNCs have been evaluated for potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Abony, Pseudomonas sp.).</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>The results show that the highest ZID values have been obtained for 5 mg/mL concertation of FTNCs of ~14, 22,18, 21, and 20 and 29 mm for E. coli, S. abony, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. Additionally, FTNCs demonstrate remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency against EB and CR dyes under UV (125 W) irradiation, achieving 56, 67% degradation within 60 minutes for EB and CR. The findings suggest that the FTNCs hold promise for long-term antimicrobial efficacy against various bacteria and offer the potential for addressing water and wastewater contaminants through photocatalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21064,"journal":{"name":"Recent patents on biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}