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Multivariate analysis of CO2 emissions by energy generation in IEA member countries 国际能源署成员国能源生产CO2排放的多变量分析
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.273
Tuany Esthefany Barcellos de Carvalho Silva, Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos, Reinaldo Castro Souza
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), the main catalyst for global warming, reached an average of 414.7 parts per million in 2021 and 2.3 ppm more than in 2020. This theme is significant and has gained space in global discussions. This research aimed to deal with and analyze essential points in this discussion. With the study, it was possible to point out evidence that Brazil is a country that has been significantly reducing its CO2 emissions, being in the cluster along with IEA member countries that least issue CO2 . With this article, it was possible to point out similar characteristics between the CO2 emissions of the countries, making it possible to highlight three latent variables: countries that have a constant tall or low trend in CO2 emissions, Grouping of countries that showed an upward trend at the beginning of the analyzed period, but with a significant reduction CO2 over time, and countries that have had more discrepant behavior from the others, these being the countries that have a structural breakdown in their time series of CO2 emissions by power generation.
二氧化碳(CO2)是全球变暖的主要催化剂,其浓度在2021年平均达到414.7 ppm,比2020年增加2.3 ppm。这一主题意义重大,并在全球讨论中获得了一席之地。本研究旨在处理和分析这一讨论的要点。通过这项研究,有可能指出证据表明巴西是一个显著减少二氧化碳排放的国家,与IEA成员国一起,二氧化碳排放量最少。有了这篇文章,就有可能指出各国二氧化碳排放量之间的相似特征,从而有可能突出三个潜在变量:在二氧化碳排放方面有一个恒定的高或低趋势的国家,在分析期开始时呈上升趋势的国家,但随着时间的推移,二氧化碳排放量显著减少的国家,以及与其他国家有更多差异的国家,这些国家在其发电二氧化碳排放的时间序列中存在结构性崩溃。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation Between Costs of Congestion Management and Share of Renewables in the ENTSOE Continental Europe Synchronous Area ENTSOE欧洲大陆同步区拥堵管理成本与可再生能源份额的相关性
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.306
D. Coll-mayor, A. Balakhontsev, A. Notholt
The presented research is dedicated to estimation of the correlation between the level of renewable energy sources and the costs of congestion management in electric networks in selected European countries. Data of six countries in North-West European area (Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Poland and Austria) were investigated. Factors considered included grid congestion costs including re-dispatching costs as well as countertrading costs, gross electricity generation, installed capacity of electric generating facilities, installed capacity of electric non-dispatchable renewable energy sources and total electricity consumption. Special attention is paid to the share of renewable energy sources. It is found that the grid congestion costs are not clearly affected by penetration of non-dispatchable renewables in all the analysed countries and therefore a clear mathematical correlation cannot no be extrapolated with the available data. The results of this research show in general a loose dependency of the grid congestion costs on the penetration of renewables and a strong dependency on the total electrical consumption of the country.
提出的研究致力于估计可再生能源水平与欧洲选定国家电网拥堵管理成本之间的相关性。调查了西北欧地区6个国家(意大利、西班牙、德国、法国、波兰和奥地利)的数据。考虑的因素包括电网拥堵成本(包括再调度成本和反向交易成本)、总发电量、发电设施装机容量、不可调度可再生能源发电装机容量和总用电量。特别注意可再生能源的份额。研究发现,在所有被分析的国家中,电网拥堵成本并没有明显受到不可调度可再生能源渗透的影响,因此不能用现有数据推断出明确的数学相关性。这项研究的结果表明,总体而言,电网拥堵成本对可再生能源渗透率的依赖程度较低,而对国家总用电量的依赖程度较高。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling and Simulation of a Hydraulically Operated Solar Tracker 液压驱动太阳能跟踪器的建模与仿真
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.383
C. Alexandru
The work deals with the design of the hydraulically operated solar tracker used for a photovoltaic (PV) platform. The tracking mechanism is a dual-axis, azimuthal type, the primary axis, that of the daily/diurnal movement, being positioned vertically, which provides a high stability of the entire structure. The actuation in both movement subsystems (daily and elevation) is achieved by using linear actuators, in the subsystem for the daily movement a stroke amplification mechanism being interspersed between the actuator and the rotating part of the support pillar, which constitutes an element of novelty/originality regarding the mechanical device of the solar tracker. The sun tracking is conducted by an open-loop control strategy, based on a predefined step-by-step algorithm, which was designed so that to capture as much as possible incident solar radiation with a minimum energy consumption for achieving the orientation. The modeling and simulation of the solar tracker is carried out in mechatronic concept, by using the virtual prototyping solutions ADAMS (for the mechanical device model) and EASY5 (for the control system model) of MSC Software.
本文研究了用于光伏平台的液压太阳能跟踪器的设计。跟踪机构是一个双轴,方位角型,主轴,每天/每天的运动,被垂直定位,这提供了整个结构的高度稳定性。两个运动子系统(日常运动和仰角运动)的驱动是通过使用线性致动器来实现的,在日常运动的子系统中,在致动器和支撑柱的旋转部分之间散布着一个行程放大机构,这构成了太阳能跟踪器机械装置的新颖性/原创性元素。太阳跟踪通过开环控制策略进行,基于预定义的分步算法,该算法旨在以最小的能量消耗捕获尽可能多的入射太阳辐射,以实现定向。利用MSC软件的虚拟样机解决方案ADAMS(机械装置模型)和EASY5(控制系统模型),在机电一体化的概念下对太阳能跟踪器进行建模和仿真。
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引用次数: 0
A tool to select offshore renewable energy facilities. The case of study of shipyards and ports in Spain 一个选择离岸可再生能源设施的工具。西班牙船厂和港口的案例研究
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.215
F. Fernández-Leal, L. Castro-Santos, P. Rubial-Yáñez, I. Lamas-Galdo, D. Cordal Iglesias, A. Alcayde, F. G. Montoya, A. Filgueira-Vizoso
The objective of this work is to create a tool that serves to know the possibilities of manufacturing, storage, assembly, and maintenance of floating marine structures trying to take advantage of the ports and shipyards of Spain. This would help reduce costs and could make this type of energy more profitable. To this end, all the Spanish ports and shipyards have been analyzed, considering the characteristics and possibilities of each of them. In the study, those that did not meet certain essential conditions for the manufacture, storage, assembly, and maintenance of power generation equipment have been discarded.
这项工作的目的是创造一个工具,用来了解制造、储存、组装和维护浮动海洋结构的可能性,试图利用西班牙的港口和造船厂。这将有助于降低成本,并使这种能源更有利可图。为此,对西班牙所有的港口和造船厂进行了分析,考虑了每个港口和造船厂的特点和可能性。在研究中,不符合发电设备制造、储存、装配和维护的某些必要条件的设备被丢弃。
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引用次数: 0
Power Quality Analysis of Six Phase Indirect Matrix Converter Based on Multi Phase Generator 基于多相发生器的六相间接矩阵变换器电能质量分析
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.403
Chabi S. Sanni, A. Mpanda, A. El Hajjaji
Nowadays, multiphase machine drives are considered in many applications, especially for medium and highpower applications. This paper focuses on the topology of the six to three phase (hexaphase) indirect matrix converter (IMC). The matrix converter (MC) is designed based on twelve bidirectional switches for the rectifier stage and six single switches for the inverter stage. It is interfaced to a high-performance, fault-tolerant multiphase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) on one side and to the grid on the other side. In the literature, the most common MCs are of the three-phase type and papers on multiple input converters (N>3) are not common. This paper deals with all possible configurations of SVM that can be deduced in a hexaphase MC to determine the modulation indexes and then to assess the VTR (Voltage Transfer Ratio). Simulations are performed on a pure inductive load and THD analysis are performed on the input currents of the MC to show the impact of the studied configurations on the system.
如今,多相电机驱动器在许多应用中被考虑,特别是在中大功率应用中。本文研究了六相-三相间接矩阵变换器的拓扑结构。基于整流级的12个双向开关和逆变级的6个单开关,设计了矩阵变换器。它的一端与高性能、容错多相永磁同步发电机(PMSG)相连,另一端与电网相连。在文献中,最常见的mc是三相型,关于多输入转换器(N>3)的论文并不常见。本文研究了在六相MC中可以推导出的支持向量机的所有可能配置,以确定调制指标,从而评估电压传递比。在纯感性负载上进行了仿真,并对MC的输入电流进行了THD分析,以显示所研究的配置对系统的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Characterisation of Electrical Power Systems Based on Electrical Curves and their properties 基于电性曲线及其性质的电力系统表征
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.407
J. Ventura, F. Martínez, L. Castro-Santos, A. Filgueira-Vizoso, A. Alcayde, F. G. Montoya
Due to the proliferation of renewable energy systems, the study of voltage and frequency stability is a crucial aspect. Recently, this problem has been approached from a purely geometrical point of view with interesting results. The present work investigates the properties of the so-called electrical curves described by arbitrary voltage or current vectors in Euclidean spaces. Through the invariants of these curves, certain indices can be constructed to detect abnormal operation or irregular characteristics in electrical power systems. Different scenarios and examples have been solved in this work to support the proposed theory.
随着可再生能源系统的发展,电压和频率稳定性的研究成为一个重要的方面。最近,这个问题已经从纯几何的角度得到了有趣的结果。本文研究了欧几里得空间中由任意电压或电流矢量描述的所谓电曲线的性质。通过这些曲线的不变量,可以构造一定的指标来检测电力系统的异常运行或不规则特性。在这项工作中,已经解决了不同的场景和例子来支持所提出的理论。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Channeling Effects on Noise and Aerodynamic Performance of NACA 0012 Aerofoil in Wind Turbine Applications 导流对NACA 0012型翼型噪声和气动性能影响的实验与数值研究
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.328
Hussein K. Mohammad, S. Jali, Arz Qwam Alden, V. Kilchyk, B. Shrestha
Wind power is considered one of the main sources of renewable energy in the market today. In this study, different sizes and directions of channels were created inside the NACA 0012 aerofoil, and the effect of these channels were investigated on aerodynamic noise and aerodynamic performance, experimentally and numerically. The results have shown several factors that could affect the aerodynamic noise such as flow velocity, angle of attack, and trailing edge blowing injection. The study also concluded an increase in drag coefficients and a decrease in lift coefficients for all channeled samples compared to the regular aerofoil. In contrast to the studies that showed improvements in the aerodynamic performance of supersonic channeled aerofoils, this study done under subsonic flow showed an increase in drag and decrease in lift.
风力发电被认为是当今市场上可再生能源的主要来源之一。在NACA 0012翼型内部建立了不同尺寸和方向的通道,通过实验和数值方法研究了这些通道对气动噪声和气动性能的影响。结果表明,气流速度、迎角和尾缘吹注等因素对气动噪声的影响较大。该研究还得出结论,与常规翼型相比,所有通道样品的阻力系数都有所增加,升力系数有所降低。与显示超音速通道翼型气动性能改善的研究相反,这项在亚音速流动下进行的研究显示阻力增加而升力减少。
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引用次数: 0
Stabilizing multimachine power systems with fuzzy logic using artificial bee colonies 利用人工蜂群模糊逻辑稳定多机电力系统
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.258
W. Hamanah, Abdullah Baraean, A. Hussein, M. A. Abido
Over the past few years, fuzzy logic systems have gained popularity due to their superiority over classical controllers when it comes to enhancing the transient stability of power systems. In this paper, a Fuzzy Logic Power System Stabilizer (FLPSS) is designed to damp local and inter-area oscillations following disturbances through the use of an Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm (ABC). The designed FLPSS is expected to significantly increase the robustness of power systems and ultimately improve the quality of power supply to end-users. This test system consists of two areas with four machines and eleven buses, with the purpose of evaluating the performance of the ABC-FLPSS under a variety of disturbances and loads. In order to optimize the scaling factors of FLPSSs, the Integral Squared Error (ISE) of rotor speed deviation is formulated as an objective function. Evaluation of the proposed controller involves simulating the test system under different conditions. These conditions range from small perturbations, such as changes in one of the system parameters, to large changes, such as removing a main transmission line, to determine its effectiveness. A comparison of ABC-FLPSS with FLPSS and Conventional Power System Stabilizer (CPSS) shows that the ABC-FLPSS controller is superior to FLPSS and CPSS.
在过去的几年里,模糊逻辑系统由于其在提高电力系统暂态稳定性方面优于经典控制器而得到了广泛的应用。本文设计了一种模糊逻辑电力系统稳定器(FLPSS),通过使用人工蜂群优化算法(ABC)来抑制干扰后的局部和区域间振荡。所设计的FLPSS有望显著提高电力系统的鲁棒性,并最终改善终端用户的供电质量。该测试系统由两个区域、4台机器和11个母线组成,目的是评估ABC-FLPSS在各种干扰和负载下的性能。为了优化FLPSSs的标度因子,将转子转速偏差的积分平方误差(ISE)作为目标函数。对所提出的控制器的评估包括在不同条件下模拟测试系统。这些条件的范围从小的扰动,如系统参数之一的变化,到大的变化,如移除主传输线,以确定其有效性。将ABC-FLPSS与FLPSS和传统电力系统稳定器(CPSS)进行了比较,结果表明ABC-FLPSS控制器优于FLPSS和CPSS。
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引用次数: 2
LONGTERM OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR THE GAMBIA’S ENERGY TRANSITION 冈比亚能源转型的长期优化模型
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.412
Moses S. Bass, A. López-Agüera
The energy sector in the Gambia is entirely dependent on imported petroleum products for electricity generation. The country is not only vulnerable to global oil market disruptions but also has an unstable electricity supply system. As of 2020, a huge portion of the country’s electricity demand remains unsatisfied. Following recent government intervention to improve the energy system, this paper examined the optimal capacity expansion planning using the open-source energy modelling system (OSeMOSYS) on a time horizon of thirty years, (2020-2050). The three scenarios studied include the business as usual (BAU), which reflects the continuation with the existing power generation pattern, the second scenario (roadmap) aligns with the Gambia’s strategic electricity roadmap (2021-2040) and the third scenario considered high renewable penetration in the energy mix. Contrary to policy makers expectations, renewables accounted for only 19.2% of electricity generation in the roadmap by 2030 and 11% by 2050. CO2 emission in 2050 reduced by 31% in the roadmap scenario and 71% in the new scenario. The global cost of the new scenario is 29% more expensive than the roadmap scenario but becomes more competitive than the roadmap in terms of energy cost when the capital investment is fully subsidised in all scenarios.
冈比亚的能源部门完全依赖进口石油产品来发电。该国不仅容易受到全球石油市场动荡的影响,而且电力供应系统也不稳定。截至2020年,该国很大一部分电力需求仍未得到满足。在最近政府干预改善能源系统之后,本文使用开源能源建模系统(OSeMOSYS)在30年(2020-2050)的时间范围内研究了最优产能扩张规划。研究的三种情景包括照常营业(BAU),反映了现有发电模式的延续;第二种情景(路线图)与冈比亚的战略电力路线图(2021-2040)保持一致;第三种情景考虑了可再生能源在能源结构中的高渗透率。与政策制定者的预期相反,到2030年可再生能源仅占发电量的19.2%,到2050年仅占11%。2050年的二氧化碳排放量在路线图情景下减少31%,在新情景下减少71%。新方案的全球成本比路线图方案高29%,但当所有方案的资本投资都得到充分补贴时,就能源成本而言,新方案比路线图方案更具竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Battery storage technology optimisation for Ukrainian War Refugees Emergency Shelters 乌克兰战争难民紧急避难所的电池存储技术优化
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.350
M. Bělík
The paper deals with optimisation of energy storage systems technology for emergency shelters (tiny houses) for Ukrainian War refugees. Huge number of Ukrainian citizens lost their houses or had to leave their homes. These refugees increase population in the rest of Ukraine what escalates problems with accommodation and integration into native communities. Emergency living in communal properties has unpleasant influence on the communities and is acceptable just for limited period. It becomes important to build new quarters or urban areas using cheap but energy efficient technologies. This research is based on real shelter project realised between Ukrainian non-government organisation Synergy and German development agency weChange. Main task of this paper is optimisation of energy strategy in community consisting of hundreds or thousands units and called shelter city. Solution of one single tiny house with implemented RES is task deeply evaluated in several projects, but we must take into account cooperation of large amount of units to limit total influence on Ukrainian distribution and transmission networks. Ukrainian infrastructure was already in unpleasant state before war and new connections of these consumers would dramatically overload existing infrastructure. This task is yet more complicated in nowadays war conditions, where crucial parts of the networks are being repeatedly damaged. From this point of view, it is essential to design the shelter community like consumer o prosumer with perfectly balanced load and production chart. The shelters should be built in passive standard to achieve minimal acquisition and operational costs. Also very efficient but cheap energy storage system must be integrated on the level of particular shelter or entire shelter city. Influence of various battery technologies using different coupling schemes is being discussed. AC coupling, DC coupling with intermediate circuit or PV generator circuit are tuned for specific load charts to optimise the influence on distribution network.
本文讨论了乌克兰战争难民紧急避难所(小房子)的储能系统技术优化。大量乌克兰公民失去了房屋,或者不得不离开家园。这些难民增加了乌克兰其他地区的人口,加剧了住宿和融入当地社区的问题。在公共财产中紧急居住对社区有不良影响,只是在有限的时间内是可以接受的。使用廉价但节能的技术建造新住宅区或城区变得非常重要。这项研究基于乌克兰非政府组织Synergy和德国发展机构weChange之间实现的真实避难所项目。本文主要研究的是由数百个或数千个单元组成的住房城市的能源策略优化问题。在几个项目中对单个微型住宅的解决方案进行了深入评估,但我们必须考虑到大量单位的合作,以限制对乌克兰配电和输电网络的总体影响。乌克兰的基础设施在战前就已经处于糟糕的状态,这些消费者的新连接将大大超载现有的基础设施。在当今的战争条件下,这项任务更加复杂,因为网络的关键部分正在反复遭到破坏。从这个角度来看,必须将住房社区设计为消费者-产消者,并使其负荷和生产图表完美平衡。这些掩体应采用被动标准建造,以实现最低的购置和运营成本。此外,高效而廉价的能源储存系统必须集成在特定的庇护所或整个庇护所城市的层面上。讨论了采用不同耦合方案的各种电池技术的影响。根据具体负荷图对交流耦合、直流耦合与中间回路或光伏发电回路进行调整,以优化对配电网的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal
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