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Modelling and Simulation of a Hydraulically Operated Solar Tracker 液压驱动太阳能跟踪器的建模与仿真
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.383
C. Alexandru
The work deals with the design of the hydraulically operated solar tracker used for a photovoltaic (PV) platform. The tracking mechanism is a dual-axis, azimuthal type, the primary axis, that of the daily/diurnal movement, being positioned vertically, which provides a high stability of the entire structure. The actuation in both movement subsystems (daily and elevation) is achieved by using linear actuators, in the subsystem for the daily movement a stroke amplification mechanism being interspersed between the actuator and the rotating part of the support pillar, which constitutes an element of novelty/originality regarding the mechanical device of the solar tracker. The sun tracking is conducted by an open-loop control strategy, based on a predefined step-by-step algorithm, which was designed so that to capture as much as possible incident solar radiation with a minimum energy consumption for achieving the orientation. The modeling and simulation of the solar tracker is carried out in mechatronic concept, by using the virtual prototyping solutions ADAMS (for the mechanical device model) and EASY5 (for the control system model) of MSC Software.
本文研究了用于光伏平台的液压太阳能跟踪器的设计。跟踪机构是一个双轴,方位角型,主轴,每天/每天的运动,被垂直定位,这提供了整个结构的高度稳定性。两个运动子系统(日常运动和仰角运动)的驱动是通过使用线性致动器来实现的,在日常运动的子系统中,在致动器和支撑柱的旋转部分之间散布着一个行程放大机构,这构成了太阳能跟踪器机械装置的新颖性/原创性元素。太阳跟踪通过开环控制策略进行,基于预定义的分步算法,该算法旨在以最小的能量消耗捕获尽可能多的入射太阳辐射,以实现定向。利用MSC软件的虚拟样机解决方案ADAMS(机械装置模型)和EASY5(控制系统模型),在机电一体化的概念下对太阳能跟踪器进行建模和仿真。
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引用次数: 0
Multivariate analysis of CO2 emissions by energy generation in IEA member countries 国际能源署成员国能源生产CO2排放的多变量分析
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.273
Tuany Esthefany Barcellos de Carvalho Silva, Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos, Reinaldo Castro Souza
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), the main catalyst for global warming, reached an average of 414.7 parts per million in 2021 and 2.3 ppm more than in 2020. This theme is significant and has gained space in global discussions. This research aimed to deal with and analyze essential points in this discussion. With the study, it was possible to point out evidence that Brazil is a country that has been significantly reducing its CO2 emissions, being in the cluster along with IEA member countries that least issue CO2 . With this article, it was possible to point out similar characteristics between the CO2 emissions of the countries, making it possible to highlight three latent variables: countries that have a constant tall or low trend in CO2 emissions, Grouping of countries that showed an upward trend at the beginning of the analyzed period, but with a significant reduction CO2 over time, and countries that have had more discrepant behavior from the others, these being the countries that have a structural breakdown in their time series of CO2 emissions by power generation.
二氧化碳(CO2)是全球变暖的主要催化剂,其浓度在2021年平均达到414.7 ppm,比2020年增加2.3 ppm。这一主题意义重大,并在全球讨论中获得了一席之地。本研究旨在处理和分析这一讨论的要点。通过这项研究,有可能指出证据表明巴西是一个显著减少二氧化碳排放的国家,与IEA成员国一起,二氧化碳排放量最少。有了这篇文章,就有可能指出各国二氧化碳排放量之间的相似特征,从而有可能突出三个潜在变量:在二氧化碳排放方面有一个恒定的高或低趋势的国家,在分析期开始时呈上升趋势的国家,但随着时间的推移,二氧化碳排放量显著减少的国家,以及与其他国家有更多差异的国家,这些国家在其发电二氧化碳排放的时间序列中存在结构性崩溃。
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引用次数: 0
Correlation Between Costs of Congestion Management and Share of Renewables in the ENTSOE Continental Europe Synchronous Area ENTSOE欧洲大陆同步区拥堵管理成本与可再生能源份额的相关性
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.306
D. Coll-mayor, A. Balakhontsev, A. Notholt
The presented research is dedicated to estimation of the correlation between the level of renewable energy sources and the costs of congestion management in electric networks in selected European countries. Data of six countries in North-West European area (Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Poland and Austria) were investigated. Factors considered included grid congestion costs including re-dispatching costs as well as countertrading costs, gross electricity generation, installed capacity of electric generating facilities, installed capacity of electric non-dispatchable renewable energy sources and total electricity consumption. Special attention is paid to the share of renewable energy sources. It is found that the grid congestion costs are not clearly affected by penetration of non-dispatchable renewables in all the analysed countries and therefore a clear mathematical correlation cannot no be extrapolated with the available data. The results of this research show in general a loose dependency of the grid congestion costs on the penetration of renewables and a strong dependency on the total electrical consumption of the country.
提出的研究致力于估计可再生能源水平与欧洲选定国家电网拥堵管理成本之间的相关性。调查了西北欧地区6个国家(意大利、西班牙、德国、法国、波兰和奥地利)的数据。考虑的因素包括电网拥堵成本(包括再调度成本和反向交易成本)、总发电量、发电设施装机容量、不可调度可再生能源发电装机容量和总用电量。特别注意可再生能源的份额。研究发现,在所有被分析的国家中,电网拥堵成本并没有明显受到不可调度可再生能源渗透的影响,因此不能用现有数据推断出明确的数学相关性。这项研究的结果表明,总体而言,电网拥堵成本对可再生能源渗透率的依赖程度较低,而对国家总用电量的依赖程度较高。
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引用次数: 0
A tool to select offshore renewable energy facilities. The case of study of shipyards and ports in Spain 一个选择离岸可再生能源设施的工具。西班牙船厂和港口的案例研究
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.215
F. Fernández-Leal, L. Castro-Santos, P. Rubial-Yáñez, I. Lamas-Galdo, D. Cordal Iglesias, A. Alcayde, F. G. Montoya, A. Filgueira-Vizoso
The objective of this work is to create a tool that serves to know the possibilities of manufacturing, storage, assembly, and maintenance of floating marine structures trying to take advantage of the ports and shipyards of Spain. This would help reduce costs and could make this type of energy more profitable. To this end, all the Spanish ports and shipyards have been analyzed, considering the characteristics and possibilities of each of them. In the study, those that did not meet certain essential conditions for the manufacture, storage, assembly, and maintenance of power generation equipment have been discarded.
这项工作的目的是创造一个工具,用来了解制造、储存、组装和维护浮动海洋结构的可能性,试图利用西班牙的港口和造船厂。这将有助于降低成本,并使这种能源更有利可图。为此,对西班牙所有的港口和造船厂进行了分析,考虑了每个港口和造船厂的特点和可能性。在研究中,不符合发电设备制造、储存、装配和维护的某些必要条件的设备被丢弃。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal active power control of wind turbines in grid-forming mode 并网模式下风电机组最优有功控制
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.220
Bashar Mousa Melhem, Steven Liu
Together with the daily variation of load demand in power grids, the continuous integration of offshore and onshore wind farms to feed the grid with green energy has recently led to a severe frequency stability issue due to the extra variation in the generation side. Hence, wind turbines (WTs), among other renewable energy units are required to regulate their output power to mitigate the fluctuation in generated power and support frequency stability. In this paper, model predictive control (MPC) is implemented in an adaptive way to operate WT in de-loading mode under wind disturbances. In addition, to get comprehensive operation of WTs and meet grid code requirements; we present a new grid-forming controller in the WT rotor side converter to emulate the inherent synchronizing and load sharing property of conventional generators. The limitations of rotor speed and rotor side converter are considered in the proposed control approach.
随着电网负荷需求的日常变化,海上和陆上风电场的持续整合为电网提供绿色能源,由于发电侧的额外变化,最近导致了严重的频率稳定性问题。因此,在其他可再生能源装置中,风力涡轮机(WTs)需要调节其输出功率,以减轻发电功率的波动并支持频率稳定。本文采用自适应方法实现模型预测控制(MPC),使WT在风扰动下处于卸载模式。此外,获得WTs的全面运行,满足网格规范要求;为了模拟传统发电机固有的同步和负荷共享特性,在WT转子侧变换器中提出了一种新的成网控制器。该控制方法考虑了转子转速和转子侧变换器的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
The Power Link Caribbean Project 加勒比电力网项目
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.318
F. Nuñez, G. Magallanes, L. Pacheco, N. Luo, J. Vila
The PWRLINKCAR (Power Link Caribbean) is a research project that has the aim of promoting the renewable energies in the Caribbean area. The use of a submarine cable is proposed for the union of the electric markets of Greater and Lesser Antilles. The goal of the project is to extend the renewable energies to the markets of the Caribbean Area by studying, designing, and modelling the interconnectivity of the markets. It is proposed the use of direct current in order to transmit the electricity energy power using HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) and HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) through submarine cables. Regulatory provisions of the different markets are considered. Energy stocks and electricity price reduction are benefits expected by implementing the power link proposed in this work. Moreover, the power link can include optical cable for promoting telecommunications possibilities in the Caribbean area.
PWRLINKCAR (Power Link Caribbean)是一个旨在促进加勒比地区可再生能源发展的研究项目。建议为大安的列斯群岛和小安的列斯群岛的电力市场联合使用海底电缆。该项目的目标是通过研究、设计和模拟市场的互联性,将可再生能源扩展到加勒比地区的市场。提出利用直流技术,通过海底电缆传输HVDC (High Voltage direct current)和HVAC (High Voltage Alternating current)的电能。考虑了不同市场的监管规定。能源库存和电价下降是实施本工作提出的电力链路预期的效益。此外,电力连接可以包括光缆,以促进加勒比地区的电信可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Development and testing midpoint voltage balance algorithms of three-level inverters 三电平逆变器中点电压平衡算法的开发与测试
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.382
L. Stranyóczky, A. Balogh, Z. Sütő, I. Varjasi
Nowadays, the use of inverters is increasing in more and more applications. Environmental awareness is becoming a trend, so more and more people install solar energy systems on their houses, which also require the use of inverters. Higher power levels have led to the emergence of three-level inverters which has opened up new challenges, such as the issue of midpoint voltage balancing. This paper discusses voltage balancing and voltage ripple reduction techniques for three-level inverters with Neutral-Point Clamped (NPC) topology. The balancing is based on injecting zero-sequence voltage component in carrierbased modulation. The viability of the modulation techniques are verified by computer simulation and then tested on hardware.
如今,逆变器在越来越多的应用中使用越来越多。环保意识正在成为一种趋势,所以越来越多的人在他们的房子上安装太阳能系统,这也需要使用逆变器。更高的功率水平导致了三电平逆变器的出现,这带来了新的挑战,例如中点电压平衡问题。本文讨论了具有中性点箝位(NPC)拓扑结构的三电平逆变器的电压平衡和电压纹波抑制技术。该平衡基于载波调制中注入零序电压分量。通过计算机仿真验证了调制技术的可行性,并在硬件上进行了测试。
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引用次数: 0
Power Quality Analysis of Six Phase Indirect Matrix Converter Based on Multi Phase Generator 基于多相发生器的六相间接矩阵变换器电能质量分析
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.403
Chabi S. Sanni, A. Mpanda, A. El Hajjaji
Nowadays, multiphase machine drives are considered in many applications, especially for medium and highpower applications. This paper focuses on the topology of the six to three phase (hexaphase) indirect matrix converter (IMC). The matrix converter (MC) is designed based on twelve bidirectional switches for the rectifier stage and six single switches for the inverter stage. It is interfaced to a high-performance, fault-tolerant multiphase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) on one side and to the grid on the other side. In the literature, the most common MCs are of the three-phase type and papers on multiple input converters (N>3) are not common. This paper deals with all possible configurations of SVM that can be deduced in a hexaphase MC to determine the modulation indexes and then to assess the VTR (Voltage Transfer Ratio). Simulations are performed on a pure inductive load and THD analysis are performed on the input currents of the MC to show the impact of the studied configurations on the system.
如今,多相电机驱动器在许多应用中被考虑,特别是在中大功率应用中。本文研究了六相-三相间接矩阵变换器的拓扑结构。基于整流级的12个双向开关和逆变级的6个单开关,设计了矩阵变换器。它的一端与高性能、容错多相永磁同步发电机(PMSG)相连,另一端与电网相连。在文献中,最常见的mc是三相型,关于多输入转换器(N>3)的论文并不常见。本文研究了在六相MC中可以推导出的支持向量机的所有可能配置,以确定调制指标,从而评估电压传递比。在纯感性负载上进行了仿真,并对MC的输入电流进行了THD分析,以显示所研究的配置对系统的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of the generation and protection capabilities of a grid-connected microgrid 并网微电网的发电和保护能力评估
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.283
J. García, J. Rey, G. Osma
Microgrids have been recognized for benefits to the electrical system such as improved reliability and reduced transmission costs and pollutant emissions. The study of microgrids makes it necessary to know and quantify the performance of technical aspects and identify characteristics to improve their performance. The paper proposes to evaluate the performance of generation and protection of a microgrid connected to the grid based on a procedure that includes the definition of indicators, the use of Power Factory software to obtain results and the weighting of indicators based on the DEMATEL technique. The laboratory microgrid studied is located at the Universidad Industrial de Santander and has three 1.5 kW photovoltaic systems and meets demands of 5 and 10 kWh/day. The results show that its generation and protection capacities have a high performance.
人们已经认识到微电网对电力系统的好处,如提高可靠性、降低传输成本和污染物排放。微电网的研究使得有必要了解和量化技术方面的性能,并确定特性以提高其性能。本文提出了一种基于指标定义、使用Power Factory软件获取结果以及基于DEMATEL技术的指标加权的方法来评估并网微电网的发电和保护性能。研究的实验室微电网位于桑坦德工业大学,有三个1.5千瓦的光伏系统,满足5和10千瓦时/天的需求。结果表明,该系统具有良好的产生和保护能力。
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引用次数: 0
Wind turbine blade damage detection using data-driven techniques 基于数据驱动技术的风力涡轮机叶片损伤检测
Q4 Energy Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.24084/repqj21.357
D. Velasco, L. Guzman, B. Puruncajas, C. Tutivén, Y. Vidal
This work presents a simple damage detection strategy for wind turbine blades. In particular, a vibration analysis-based damage detection methodology is proposed that requires only healthy data and detects damage in different locations of the blade. The stated structural health monitoring strategy is based on the extraction of characteristics using statistical metrics as a technique for the recognition and differentiation of healthy test experiments from damaged test experiments with simulated faults created by added mass. In this manner, several metrics are approached to find those that show better classification in processing the data provided by the sensors. Finally, an evaluation process is performed to detect blade damage. The results show that the proposed RMSE metric performs at an ideal level, making it a promising strategy for the detection of blade damage.
本文提出了一种简单的风力发电机叶片损伤检测策略。特别提出了一种基于振动分析的损伤检测方法,该方法只需要健康数据并检测叶片不同位置的损伤。所述结构健康监测策略是基于使用统计度量提取特征,作为识别和区分健康测试实验与具有由附加质量造成的模拟故障的损坏测试实验的技术。通过这种方式,可以找到几个指标,以找到那些在处理传感器提供的数据时显示更好分类的指标。最后,对叶片损伤进行评估。结果表明,所提出的RMSE度量达到了理想的水平,是一种很有前途的叶片损伤检测策略。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal
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