Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.37708.1252
M. Ashrafizadeh, Zahra Ahmadi
Introduction: Today, smoking has become a common habit, and researchers have largely been concerned with the adverse health effects of smoking. Some approaches have been proposed to minimize these effects. Nicotine is an alkaloid, which is considered to be a detrimental agent in smokers. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of astaxanthin against the adverse effects of nicotine.Methods: In this study, 42 BALB/c male mice were purchased from Mashhad University in Mashhad, Iran and randomly divided into six groups. Group one received one milliliter of normal saline daily, group two received nicotine (1.5 mg/kg), group three was administered with astaxanthin (25 mg/kg), group four also received astaxanthin (50 mg/kg), group five was administered with astaxanthin (25 mg/kg) and nicotine (1.5 mg/kg), and group 6 was administered with astaxanthin (50 mg/kg) and nicotine (1.5 mg/kg). After the experiments, the epididymis was collected, and the motility, viability, and count of the sperms were evaluated.Results: Nicotine at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg decreased the count, viability, and motility of sperm. In contrast, astaxanthin at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg was observed to diminish the destructive effects of nicotine.Conclusion: According to the results, astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant for the protection of the reproductive system against nicotine-induced toxicity.
{"title":"Effect of Astaxanthin Treatment on the Sperm Quality of the Mice Treated with Nicotine","authors":"M. Ashrafizadeh, Zahra Ahmadi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.37708.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.37708.1252","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Today, smoking has become a common habit, and researchers have largely been concerned with the adverse health effects of smoking. Some approaches have been proposed to minimize these effects. Nicotine is an alkaloid, which is considered to be a detrimental agent in smokers. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of astaxanthin against the adverse effects of nicotine.Methods: In this study, 42 BALB/c male mice were purchased from Mashhad University in Mashhad, Iran and randomly divided into six groups. Group one received one milliliter of normal saline daily, group two received nicotine (1.5 mg/kg), group three was administered with astaxanthin (25 mg/kg), group four also received astaxanthin (50 mg/kg), group five was administered with astaxanthin (25 mg/kg) and nicotine (1.5 mg/kg), and group 6 was administered with astaxanthin (50 mg/kg) and nicotine (1.5 mg/kg). After the experiments, the epididymis was collected, and the motility, viability, and count of the sperms were evaluated.Results: Nicotine at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg decreased the count, viability, and motility of sperm. In contrast, astaxanthin at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg was observed to diminish the destructive effects of nicotine.Conclusion: According to the results, astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant for the protection of the reproductive system against nicotine-induced toxicity.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44120780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.37875.1254
J. Ramezani, Hamid Hoseinikhah, Kayhan Mizani, M. Akbari, Mahsa Moallemi, Maryam Argi, Aliasghar Moeinipour
Controlled intraoperative cardioplegia is indispensable to pediatric cardiac surgery procedures. Several preservation techniques have been proposed for such purposes, with varying application by different surgeons. The custodiol cardioplegia is a recent approach that is considered to be a safe and effective cardiac protector. This narrative review was conducted via searching in four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect. The studies focused on the efficacy and safety of custodiol cardioplegia reviewed, especially in pediatric cardiac surgeries and relevant procedures. In total, 21 articles were eligible, and the findings highlighted the controversies regarding the use of various cardioplegic solutions and the variability of their application by surgeons. However, data were inadequate regarding the optimal cardioplegic solutions in this regard. Some of the studies performed on adults suggested that custodiol cardioplegia may be equivalent to conventional blood cardioplegia. Most of the reviewed articles showed a consensus on the safety and efficacy of custodiol cardioplegia in adult and pediatric cardiac surgeries. It is believed that custodiol procedures are not only easily delivered, but they are also convenient and less time-consuming and provide long-lasting motion and bloodless fields for the surgeon to perform the operation. Therefore, use of custodiol cardioplegia has been reported to be safe, effective, and cost-efficient compared to conventional cardioplegic solutions. However, different findings have also been denoted in some of the studies in this regard, implying the equal effectiveness of these techniques.
{"title":"Custodial Cardioplegia and Cardiac Preservation during pediatric Cardiac Surgery Procedures: A Narrative Review","authors":"J. Ramezani, Hamid Hoseinikhah, Kayhan Mizani, M. Akbari, Mahsa Moallemi, Maryam Argi, Aliasghar Moeinipour","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.37875.1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.37875.1254","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled intraoperative cardioplegia is indispensable to pediatric cardiac surgery procedures. Several preservation techniques have been proposed for such purposes, with varying application by different surgeons. The custodiol cardioplegia is a recent approach that is considered to be a safe and effective cardiac protector. This narrative review was conducted via searching in four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect. The studies focused on the efficacy and safety of custodiol cardioplegia reviewed, especially in pediatric cardiac surgeries and relevant procedures. In total, 21 articles were eligible, and the findings highlighted the controversies regarding the use of various cardioplegic solutions and the variability of their application by surgeons. However, data were inadequate regarding the optimal cardioplegic solutions in this regard. Some of the studies performed on adults suggested that custodiol cardioplegia may be equivalent to conventional blood cardioplegia. Most of the reviewed articles showed a consensus on the safety and efficacy of custodiol cardioplegia in adult and pediatric cardiac surgeries. It is believed that custodiol procedures are not only easily delivered, but they are also convenient and less time-consuming and provide long-lasting motion and bloodless fields for the surgeon to perform the operation. Therefore, use of custodiol cardioplegia has been reported to be safe, effective, and cost-efficient compared to conventional cardioplegic solutions. However, different findings have also been denoted in some of the studies in this regard, implying the equal effectiveness of these techniques.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43064587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.37914.1255
Mandana Khodashahi, Z. Havashki, K. Khazaeni, A. Jafarian
Torticollis or involuntarily twisted neck is considered to be a sign rather than a condition. Some of the main causes of torticollis are trauma, medication side-effects, infectious and inflammatory processes, and head and neck tumors.A 26-year-old female patient presented with acute acquired torticollis for four months, and the conditions had complicated due to constitutional symptoms, such as weight loss, sweating, and decreased appetite, eventually leading to trismus. Neck CT-scan showed bilateral lymph node enlargements, soft tissue stranding, right-sided asymmetry of the fossa of Rosenmuller (pharyngeal recess), and a heterogeneous enhancing mass on the nasopharynx roof with left extension and bilateral pressure on the Eustachian tube. The biopsy of the mass indicated the infiltration of atypical epithelial cells with marked nuclear atypia in small solid nests within the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx, which corresponded to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the patient had no risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study highlighted the importance of a complete work-up for the underlying tumors in the head and neck in the patients presenting with the only finding of torticollis.
{"title":"Acquired Torticollis as the Initial and Only Finding in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Report","authors":"Mandana Khodashahi, Z. Havashki, K. Khazaeni, A. Jafarian","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.37914.1255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.37914.1255","url":null,"abstract":"Torticollis or involuntarily twisted neck is considered to be a sign rather than a condition. Some of the main causes of torticollis are trauma, medication side-effects, infectious and inflammatory processes, and head and neck tumors.A 26-year-old female patient presented with acute acquired torticollis for four months, and the conditions had complicated due to constitutional symptoms, such as weight loss, sweating, and decreased appetite, eventually leading to trismus. Neck CT-scan showed bilateral lymph node enlargements, soft tissue stranding, right-sided asymmetry of the fossa of Rosenmuller (pharyngeal recess), and a heterogeneous enhancing mass on the nasopharynx roof with left extension and bilateral pressure on the Eustachian tube. The biopsy of the mass indicated the infiltration of atypical epithelial cells with marked nuclear atypia in small solid nests within the lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx, which corresponded to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the patient had no risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study highlighted the importance of a complete work-up for the underlying tumors in the head and neck in the patients presenting with the only finding of torticollis.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41957774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.38383.1260
F. Akhlaghi, Elaham Rezaie Askarye, M. Najafi, Zohre Khoee
Introduction: Second-trimester pregnancy termination with live fetuses is an important issue in obstetric practice since it is more challenging than first- and third-trimester pregnancy termination. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol moistened with normal saline and acetic acid in second-trimester pregnancy termination.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 95 pregnant women with the gestational age of 14-26 weeks admitted for medical induced abortion. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was administered with vaginal misoprostol moistened with acetic acid (n=47), and the second group received vaginal misoprostol moistened with normal saline (n=48). The abortion rate within the first 24 hours, induced abortion interval, length of hospital stay, and curettage and its complications were assessed in the study groups using statistical methods, and the P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Abortion within the first 24 hours occurred in 100% of the patients in the acetic acid group and 75% of the subjects in the normal saline group, and the difference was considered statistically significant (P<0.001). The mean time for fetal delivery was significantly lower in the acetic acid group (12.3±4.8) compared to the normal saline group (17.5±6.6) (P<0.001). In addition, the length of hospital stay was significantly lower in the acetic acid group compared to the normal saline group (P=0.008). The rate of abortion following the second dose of misoprostol was 46.8% in the acetic acid group and 20.8% in the normal saline group. However, no significant differences were observed in curettage and its complications between the groups.Conclusion: According to the results, high vaginal acidity was associated with the increased effectiveness of misoprostol in second-trimester pregnancy termination.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Vaginal Misoprostol Moistened with Acetic Acid and Normal Saline in Second-trimester Pregnancy Termination: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"F. Akhlaghi, Elaham Rezaie Askarye, M. Najafi, Zohre Khoee","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.38383.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.38383.1260","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Second-trimester pregnancy termination with live fetuses is an important issue in obstetric practice since it is more challenging than first- and third-trimester pregnancy termination. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol moistened with normal saline and acetic acid in second-trimester pregnancy termination.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 95 pregnant women with the gestational age of 14-26 weeks admitted for medical induced abortion. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was administered with vaginal misoprostol moistened with acetic acid (n=47), and the second group received vaginal misoprostol moistened with normal saline (n=48). The abortion rate within the first 24 hours, induced abortion interval, length of hospital stay, and curettage and its complications were assessed in the study groups using statistical methods, and the P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Abortion within the first 24 hours occurred in 100% of the patients in the acetic acid group and 75% of the subjects in the normal saline group, and the difference was considered statistically significant (P<0.001). The mean time for fetal delivery was significantly lower in the acetic acid group (12.3±4.8) compared to the normal saline group (17.5±6.6) (P<0.001). In addition, the length of hospital stay was significantly lower in the acetic acid group compared to the normal saline group (P=0.008). The rate of abortion following the second dose of misoprostol was 46.8% in the acetic acid group and 20.8% in the normal saline group. However, no significant differences were observed in curettage and its complications between the groups.Conclusion: According to the results, high vaginal acidity was associated with the increased effectiveness of misoprostol in second-trimester pregnancy termination.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45237840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22038/rcm.2019.38382.1259
M. Hajia
The prevalence of brucellosis has increased in recent years in some regions in Iran, particularly in the western, northeastern, and some central areas. Undoubtedly, the main causes of brucellosis are the lack of vaccination coverage in livestock and distribution of dairy products. In addition, attention must be paid to the diagnostic difficulties associated with slow growth specificity and use of inefficient methods, which lead to the delayed diagnosis of the disease. All the available diagnostic procedures are currently used for the diagnosis of brucellosis, including isolation on culture media, serological procedures, and molecular techniques. Among these methods, isolation on culture media has shown the minimum efficiency, especially in blood specimens, which are the most commonly requested specimens in disease diagnosis. The influential factors could be the use of unapproved commercial kits, applying outdated diagnostic procedures, and using unqualified specimens in hospitalized patients. The present study aimed to enhance the current status of the isolation method, especially in the endemic areas for brucellosis. Several parameters were assessed in this regard, including the role of laboratory conditions, sampling quality, type of culture media, and various isolation methods, in order to review the studies aiming to increase the efficiency of this method.
{"title":"Current Status and Future Prospect of Brucella Blood Culture in Iran: A Review of the Recent Findings","authors":"M. Hajia","doi":"10.22038/rcm.2019.38382.1259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2019.38382.1259","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of brucellosis has increased in recent years in some regions in Iran, particularly in the western, northeastern, and some central areas. Undoubtedly, the main causes of brucellosis are the lack of vaccination coverage in livestock and distribution of dairy products. In addition, attention must be paid to the diagnostic difficulties associated with slow growth specificity and use of inefficient methods, which lead to the delayed diagnosis of the disease. All the available diagnostic procedures are currently used for the diagnosis of brucellosis, including isolation on culture media, serological procedures, and molecular techniques. Among these methods, isolation on culture media has shown the minimum efficiency, especially in blood specimens, which are the most commonly requested specimens in disease diagnosis. The influential factors could be the use of unapproved commercial kits, applying outdated diagnostic procedures, and using unqualified specimens in hospitalized patients. The present study aimed to enhance the current status of the isolation method, especially in the endemic areas for brucellosis. Several parameters were assessed in this regard, including the role of laboratory conditions, sampling quality, type of culture media, and various isolation methods, in order to review the studies aiming to increase the efficiency of this method.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41876097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.25805.1213
A. Zali, A. Seddighi, A. Nikouei, A. Seddighi
Abnormal hyperexcitable electrical discharges of the cerebral cortex lead to the disturbance between the inhibitory and excitatory balance of the neural network. Seizure is caused by four main mechanisms, including metabolic, structural, inflammatory, and infectious mechanisms. Seizures are classified as partial and generalized based on the isolation in a specific area in one brain hemisphere or passing through the nerve fibers and spreading to the other hemisphere as well. Epilepsy is defined as the occurrence of more than two unprovoked and unpredicted repeated seizures. Epilepsy affects more than three million individuals in the United States and approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Epilepsy may be of an unknown origin, while it could also be associated with certain syndromes. General and specific approaches to seizure treatment encompass a wide range of factors. The general approach should be focused on reassurance and raising the awareness of the patients and their family, and the specific treatment is focused on utilizing pharmacological and surgical approaches. In general, the surgical approaches used for medication-refractory seizures are both palliative and curative, showing promising results if the epileptogenic area is localized using a multidisciplinary approach via live video-electroencephalography monitoring or direct intracranial electrode placement. In addition, the utilization of live modern imaging modalities coupled with surgical approaches could enhance the success rate of the treatment and increase the seizure-free duration.
{"title":"Overview of Seizure and Epilepsy Syndromes and Their Multidisciplinary Management","authors":"A. Zali, A. Seddighi, A. Nikouei, A. Seddighi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.25805.1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.25805.1213","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal hyperexcitable electrical discharges of the cerebral cortex lead to the disturbance between the inhibitory and excitatory balance of the neural network. Seizure is caused by four main mechanisms, including metabolic, structural, inflammatory, and infectious mechanisms. Seizures are classified as partial and generalized based on the isolation in a specific area in one brain hemisphere or passing through the nerve fibers and spreading to the other hemisphere as well. Epilepsy is defined as the occurrence of more than two unprovoked and unpredicted repeated seizures. Epilepsy affects more than three million individuals in the United States and approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Epilepsy may be of an unknown origin, while it could also be associated with certain syndromes. General and specific approaches to seizure treatment encompass a wide range of factors. The general approach should be focused on reassurance and raising the awareness of the patients and their family, and the specific treatment is focused on utilizing pharmacological and surgical approaches. In general, the surgical approaches used for medication-refractory seizures are both palliative and curative, showing promising results if the epileptogenic area is localized using a multidisciplinary approach via live video-electroencephalography monitoring or direct intracranial electrode placement. In addition, the utilization of live modern imaging modalities coupled with surgical approaches could enhance the success rate of the treatment and increase the seizure-free duration.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44916400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2018.32171.1236
F. Iravani, R. Iravani, M. Mojarad
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths across the world. The prevalence of GC varies in different countries and even in various regions of the same country. GC is often sporadic, and the familial type occurs in approximately 10% of the cases. The main risk factors for GC include age, family history, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking habits, and genetic factors. One of the important altered genes in GC is p53, which is the most frequently mutated gene in this cancer type. P53 is involved in the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Moreover, it is considered to be the cellular gatekeeper for cell growth and division and it is referred as the ‘guardian of genome’. Another important gene involved in GC is CDH1, which encodes the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) protein. E-cadherin is considered to be the main cause of familial GC. Cadherin is a type of cell adhesion molecule, which represents calcium-dependent adhesion and plays a pivotal role in maintaining adherent junctions in the areas of epithelial cell-cell contact. Furthermore, it is suspected to be a tumor suppressor gene for GC. Gene therapy has been increasingly performed on various GC cell lines, including SGC7901 and animal models, some of which will be reviewed in the present study.
{"title":"Gastric Cancer: Gene and Gene Therapy Beyond","authors":"F. Iravani, R. Iravani, M. Mojarad","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2018.32171.1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2018.32171.1236","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths across the world. The prevalence of GC varies in different countries and even in various regions of the same country. GC is often sporadic, and the familial type occurs in approximately 10% of the cases. The main risk factors for GC include age, family history, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking habits, and genetic factors. One of the important altered genes in GC is p53, which is the most frequently mutated gene in this cancer type. P53 is involved in the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Moreover, it is considered to be the cellular gatekeeper for cell growth and division and it is referred as the ‘guardian of genome’. Another important gene involved in GC is CDH1, which encodes the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) protein. E-cadherin is considered to be the main cause of familial GC. Cadherin is a type of cell adhesion molecule, which represents calcium-dependent adhesion and plays a pivotal role in maintaining adherent junctions in the areas of epithelial cell-cell contact. Furthermore, it is suspected to be a tumor suppressor gene for GC. Gene therapy has been increasingly performed on various GC cell lines, including SGC7901 and animal models, some of which will be reviewed in the present study.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2018.34925.1248
M. Hajia
Human brucellosis and its prevalence are directly correlated with the presence of animal infections in various regions. The infections associated with Brucella species have been reported in numerous animals. The incidence of these infections has recently increased in the endemic regions in Iran, including Zagros areas and the northeast of the country. Therefore, there have been difficulties in the diagnosis of the infectious cases since there is the possibility of encountering resistant strains. Furthermore, the spread of immerging strains is among the challenges that rapidly affect animals, even vaccinated livestock. Antibiotic-resistant strains are important in livestock since drug resistance may rapidly spread to humans. Therefore, continuous investigation is required in the case of drug resistance or immerging strains. Conventional typing procedures are no longer used due to several difficulties. Identifying the type of Brucella could provide adequate data on epidemiological surveillance, investigation of the infection outbreaks, tracking the diseases, identifying the immerging types, reviewing the success rate of eradicating the infections, and examining the outbreaks in the endemic areas. The reports regarding the application of molecular typing methods are still under development. Extensive research has been focused on the typing of brucellosis, proposing controversial results and aiming to improve the applied procedures. This review aimed to assess the ability of the introduced molecular methods and their status for identification and typing procedures. In addition, the frequency and distribution of Brucella species and subspecies have been investigated.
{"title":"The Prospect of Molecular Epidemiology of Brucella Species in Iran","authors":"M. Hajia","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2018.34925.1248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2018.34925.1248","url":null,"abstract":"Human brucellosis and its prevalence are directly correlated with the presence of animal infections in various regions. The infections associated with Brucella species have been reported in numerous animals. The incidence of these infections has recently increased in the endemic regions in Iran, including Zagros areas and the northeast of the country. Therefore, there have been difficulties in the diagnosis of the infectious cases since there is the possibility of encountering resistant strains. Furthermore, the spread of immerging strains is among the challenges that rapidly affect animals, even vaccinated livestock. Antibiotic-resistant strains are important in livestock since drug resistance may rapidly spread to humans. Therefore, continuous investigation is required in the case of drug resistance or immerging strains. Conventional typing procedures are no longer used due to several difficulties. Identifying the type of Brucella could provide adequate data on epidemiological surveillance, investigation of the infection outbreaks, tracking the diseases, identifying the immerging types, reviewing the success rate of eradicating the infections, and examining the outbreaks in the endemic areas. The reports regarding the application of molecular typing methods are still under development. Extensive research has been focused on the typing of brucellosis, proposing controversial results and aiming to improve the applied procedures. This review aimed to assess the ability of the introduced molecular methods and their status for identification and typing procedures. In addition, the frequency and distribution of Brucella species and subspecies have been investigated.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2018.32851.1240
R. Shagholi, Saeed Eslami Hasan Abadi, Akram Moghaddasi, Tayyebeh Sayyadee, Maryam Tayefi
Introduction: In order to know the procedure of one-minute preceptor (OMP) teaching method, the relevant English language articles were searched in 5 databases, namely Clinical Key, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in-process. Methods: The search process was conducted on the articles published during 2000- August 2017 using the term “one-minute preceptor” in title and abstract. Letter to the editor, articles irrelevant to OMP, articles with no full-text, and duplicate articles were removed from this study. Result: The search result led to the identification of 133 articles. After employing the exclusion criteria, 31 articles remained for detailed analysis. The main outcomes of the investigated studies were categorized into 7 main groups, namely 1. OMP and effectiveness, 2. OMP and develop 3. OMP and SNAPPS, 4. OMP and Traditional Mode, 5. OMP as a teaching tool, 6. OMP and teaching skill, and 7. Teach OMP. The commonly used study designs in the order of frequency were opinion review, and observational without control studies, non-randomized controlled trial, pretest-posttest design, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews. The OMP improved processes and outcomes of education. Its effectiveness was in both teaching and patient diagnosis; moreover, it improved the quality of feedback and residents’ teaching skill in the clinical setting. Furthermore, OMP did not show statistically significant improvements in teaching behavior. Conclusion: Results showed that the OMP workshop for faculty staff does not enhance the quality or quantity of residents’ perceptions. There should be a nonstop effort by faculty members to increase the quality of clinical teaching.
引言：为了了解一分钟引导器（OMP）教学法的过程，在Clinical Key、ProQuest、PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science processing 5个数据库中检索了相关的英语文章。方法：对2000年至2017年8月发表的文章进行检索，使用标题和摘要中的“一分钟指导者”一词。从本研究中删除了致编辑的信、与OMP无关的文章、没有全文的文章和重复的文章。结果：检索结果共鉴定出133篇文章。采用排除标准后，仍有31篇文章有待详细分析。调查研究的主要结果分为7个主要组，即1。OMP和有效性，2。OMP和发展3。OMP和SNAPS，4。OMP和传统模式，5。OMP作为教学工具，6。OMP和教学技巧。教授OMP。常用的研究设计按频率顺序为意见综述、观察性无对照研究、非随机对照试验、前测后测设计、随机对照试验和系统综述。OMP改进了教育过程和结果。它在教学和患者诊断方面都很有效；此外，它还提高了反馈质量和住院医师在临床环境中的教学技能。此外，OMP在教学行为方面没有显示出统计学上的显著改善。结论：研究结果表明，面向教职员工的OMP研讨会并没有提高居民的感知质量或数量。教员们应该不停地努力提高临床教学的质量。
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Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.29624.1227
H. Kianifar, Y. Rezaei, A. Khakshour, H. Karami, M. Khalesi, S. Jafari, M. Kiani, V. Vakili, S. Alamdaran
Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (CFLD) is an important aspect of cystic fibrosis (CF), which manifests with various signs and symptoms. Lack of specific examinations for CFLD have made the diagnostic process of the disease time-consuming, and the disease is often identified after severe progress. Finding the associations between the outcomes of various clinical, biochemical, and sonography examinations could help specialists identify the disease in a timely manner. This review study aimed to determine the correlations between the outcomes of various diagnostic approaches based on the current literature. According to the literature, some studies have reported correlations between various diagnostic approaches, while other studies have reported no associations in this regard. This discrepancy could be due to the various manifestations associated with CF.
{"title":"Cystic Fibrosis-associated Liver Disease: A Review Article","authors":"H. Kianifar, Y. Rezaei, A. Khakshour, H. Karami, M. Khalesi, S. Jafari, M. Kiani, V. Vakili, S. Alamdaran","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.29624.1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.29624.1227","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (CFLD) is an important aspect of cystic fibrosis (CF), which manifests with various signs and symptoms. Lack of specific examinations for CFLD have made the diagnostic process of the disease time-consuming, and the disease is often identified after severe progress. Finding the associations between the outcomes of various clinical, biochemical, and sonography examinations could help specialists identify the disease in a timely manner. This review study aimed to determine the correlations between the outcomes of various diagnostic approaches based on the current literature. According to the literature, some studies have reported correlations between various diagnostic approaches, while other studies have reported no associations in this regard. This discrepancy could be due to the various manifestations associated with CF.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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