Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.38045.1256
M. Ranjbar, M. Khezri, M. Rajabian
Introduction: The pain induced by propofol injection is a common adverse complications caused by propofol, which is ranked seventh among the 33 clinical symptoms of anesthesia. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-treatment with ketamine and tourniquet inflation on the pain induced by propofol injection.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I. The patients were assigned to six groups. In groups one and four, tourniquet was inflated above the angiocatheter. In groups two and five, ketamine was injected 30 seconds before propofol injection with no tourniquet. The patients in groups three and six were injected with propofol alone. To assess the severity of pain, verbal rating scores were used. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20.Results: In total, 74 male and 46 female patients were examined. In terms of pain severity, the lowest level of pain was experienced with the injection of ketamine before propofol with the use of a tourniquet (groups one and four). Based on the injection site, the total pain scores were higher with the injection of propofol into the veins on the dorsum of the hand. In addition, the mean pain score in groups one, two, four, and five was significantly lower compared to groups three and six (P< 0.05)Conclusion: According to the results, use of ketamine, especially with a tourniquet, could alleviate the pain induced by propofol injection.
{"title":"Effects of Pre-treatment with Ketamine and Tourniquet Application on the Prevention of the Pain Induced by Propofol Injection: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"M. Ranjbar, M. Khezri, M. Rajabian","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.38045.1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.38045.1256","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The pain induced by propofol injection is a common adverse complications caused by propofol, which is ranked seventh among the 33 clinical symptoms of anesthesia. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-treatment with ketamine and tourniquet inflation on the pain induced by propofol injection.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification I. The patients were assigned to six groups. In groups one and four, tourniquet was inflated above the angiocatheter. In groups two and five, ketamine was injected 30 seconds before propofol injection with no tourniquet. The patients in groups three and six were injected with propofol alone. To assess the severity of pain, verbal rating scores were used. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20.Results: In total, 74 male and 46 female patients were examined. In terms of pain severity, the lowest level of pain was experienced with the injection of ketamine before propofol with the use of a tourniquet (groups one and four). Based on the injection site, the total pain scores were higher with the injection of propofol into the veins on the dorsum of the hand. In addition, the mean pain score in groups one, two, four, and five was significantly lower compared to groups three and six (P< 0.05)Conclusion: According to the results, use of ketamine, especially with a tourniquet, could alleviate the pain induced by propofol injection.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.39205.1271
M. Ashrafizadeh, Zahra Ahmadi
Statins are the inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, which are extensively used to decrease the concentration of cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia. Statins are divided into two categories based on their own unique properties. Considering the pleiotropic effects of statins, they are applied as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, immunomodulatory, and plaque-stabilizing agents. In addition, statins affect the diversity and population of gut microbiota, which is a complicated microbial community remarkably involved in the regulation of metabolic responses, immune system, and human health. This community is also associated with age-related health problems, allergy, asthma, and inflammatory intestinal diseases. Therefore, evaluation of the interactions between statins and gut microbiota is essential to predicting the outcomes of these agents. The present study aimed to review the properties and pleiotropic effects of statins. Furthermore, the role of gut microbiota in health was discussed, and the significant effects of statins on gut microbiota and their interactions were described based on clinical and animal studies.
{"title":"Effects of Statins on Gut Microbiota (Microbiome)","authors":"M. Ashrafizadeh, Zahra Ahmadi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.39205.1271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.39205.1271","url":null,"abstract":"Statins are the inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, which are extensively used to decrease the concentration of cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia. Statins are divided into two categories based on their own unique properties. Considering the pleiotropic effects of statins, they are applied as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, immunomodulatory, and plaque-stabilizing agents. In addition, statins affect the diversity and population of gut microbiota, which is a complicated microbial community remarkably involved in the regulation of metabolic responses, immune system, and human health. This community is also associated with age-related health problems, allergy, asthma, and inflammatory intestinal diseases. Therefore, evaluation of the interactions between statins and gut microbiota is essential to predicting the outcomes of these agents. The present study aimed to review the properties and pleiotropic effects of statins. Furthermore, the role of gut microbiota in health was discussed, and the significant effects of statins on gut microbiota and their interactions were described based on clinical and animal studies.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68371889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.39210.1272
Zahra Ahmadi, S. Roomiani, Niloofar Bemani, M. Ashrafizadeh
In recent decades, special attention has been paid to cell death mechanisms, with the exception of apoptosis. This could be due to the resistance of cells, particularly cancer cells, to apoptosis. Among novel pathways, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have attracted the attention of researchers. A large number of antitumor drugs have been developed based on their modulatory effects on autophagy and ER stress. On the other hand, ER stress could stimulate autophagy and apoptosis, which is indicative of the dual role of this pathway. Therefore, the monitoring of these pathways could contribute to the treatment of pathological conditions. Among the multiple synthetic and natural modulators of autophagy and ER stress, natural agents are used more extensively owing to their few side-effects, valuable biological activities, and cost-efficiency. Honokiol as a lignin extracted from the bark of magnolia tree. This compound has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antitumor effects. The present study aimed to first introduce honokiol, autophagy, and ER stress and assess the modulatory effects of honokiol on the autophagy and ER stress mechanisms so as to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of this natural compound.
{"title":"The Targeting of Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mechanisms by Honokiol Therapy","authors":"Zahra Ahmadi, S. Roomiani, Niloofar Bemani, M. Ashrafizadeh","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.39210.1272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.39210.1272","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, special attention has been paid to cell death mechanisms, with the exception of apoptosis. This could be due to the resistance of cells, particularly cancer cells, to apoptosis. Among novel pathways, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have attracted the attention of researchers. A large number of antitumor drugs have been developed based on their modulatory effects on autophagy and ER stress. On the other hand, ER stress could stimulate autophagy and apoptosis, which is indicative of the dual role of this pathway. Therefore, the monitoring of these pathways could contribute to the treatment of pathological conditions. Among the multiple synthetic and natural modulators of autophagy and ER stress, natural agents are used more extensively owing to their few side-effects, valuable biological activities, and cost-efficiency. Honokiol as a lignin extracted from the bark of magnolia tree. This compound has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antitumor effects. The present study aimed to first introduce honokiol, autophagy, and ER stress and assess the modulatory effects of honokiol on the autophagy and ER stress mechanisms so as to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of this natural compound.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44862263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.36871.1251
K. S. Rizi, Hadi Farsiani, S. Jamehdar, Mahboubeh Mohammadzadeh
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an emerging nosocomial gram-negative, rod-shaped pathogen in patients with underlying diseases. This bacterium is also considered to be a major pathogen in hospitalized patients. Some of the main risk factors for E. meningosepticum infections include immunosuppression (e.g., end-stage hepatic and renal diseases) and prematurity in neonates. Furthermore, E. meningosepticum could cause pneumonia, endocarditis, and bacteremia in adults. The uncommon resistance pattern of this bacterium, as well as its intrinsic resistance to colistin, makes the treatment of the associated infections challenging unless the susceptibility patterns are available. In this article, we have presented the first case of pulmonary coinfection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. and E. meningoseptica in Iran. A 20-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with tetralogy of fallot as an underlying disease since childhood. The patient underwent cardiac surgery. On the third postoperative day (POD), the patient developed lung infection and left-lung collapse. Antibiotic therapy was initiated for MDR Acinetobacter spp. obtained from her primary culture of tracheal discharges. When fever persisted in the patient, the secondary culture of her tracheal discharges was observed to be positive for E. meningoseptica. In this case report, no clinical correlations were observed between the E. meningoseptica isolated from respiratory secretions and the primary respiratory infection, suggesting that E. meningoseptica is an indicator of severe underlying diseases rather than an actual pathogen.
{"title":"Acinetobacter spp. Coinfection with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: A Case Report at a Referral Hospital in Iran","authors":"K. S. Rizi, Hadi Farsiani, S. Jamehdar, Mahboubeh Mohammadzadeh","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.36871.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.36871.1251","url":null,"abstract":"Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is an emerging nosocomial gram-negative, rod-shaped pathogen in patients with underlying diseases. This bacterium is also considered to be a major pathogen in hospitalized patients. Some of the main risk factors for E. meningosepticum infections include immunosuppression (e.g., end-stage hepatic and renal diseases) and prematurity in neonates. Furthermore, E. meningosepticum could cause pneumonia, endocarditis, and bacteremia in adults. The uncommon resistance pattern of this bacterium, as well as its intrinsic resistance to colistin, makes the treatment of the associated infections challenging unless the susceptibility patterns are available. In this article, we have presented the first case of pulmonary coinfection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. and E. meningoseptica in Iran. A 20-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with tetralogy of fallot as an underlying disease since childhood. The patient underwent cardiac surgery. On the third postoperative day (POD), the patient developed lung infection and left-lung collapse. Antibiotic therapy was initiated for MDR Acinetobacter spp. obtained from her primary culture of tracheal discharges. When fever persisted in the patient, the secondary culture of her tracheal discharges was observed to be positive for E. meningoseptica. In this case report, no clinical correlations were observed between the E. meningoseptica isolated from respiratory secretions and the primary respiratory infection, suggesting that E. meningoseptica is an indicator of severe underlying diseases rather than an actual pathogen.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44969463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.38999.1268
T. Paterick
The phenotypic expressions of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are unpredictable and difficult to compartmentalize. In the modern era, BAV has been reported to account for approximately 50% of the cases with severe aortic stenosis requiring surgery and has also been associated with aortic regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis, and aortic dissection. Echocardiography is the diagnostic tool used to identify BAV. The clinical associations and high prevalence rate of BAV have added to the importance of this clinical inquiry. The present study aimed to explore the multifaceted challenges associated with BAV, as well as the current knowledge on this complex entity.
{"title":"Various Phenotypic Expressions of the Bicuspid Aortic Valve","authors":"T. Paterick","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.38999.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.38999.1268","url":null,"abstract":"The phenotypic expressions of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are unpredictable and difficult to compartmentalize. In the modern era, BAV has been reported to account for approximately 50% of the cases with severe aortic stenosis requiring surgery and has also been associated with aortic regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis, and aortic dissection. Echocardiography is the diagnostic tool used to identify BAV. The clinical associations and high prevalence rate of BAV have added to the importance of this clinical inquiry. The present study aimed to explore the multifaceted challenges associated with BAV, as well as the current knowledge on this complex entity.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47845465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.39649.1275
M. G. Fard, M. Akhondi
Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the conventional and new techniques of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion in terms of the rate and severity of postoperative sore throat.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients referring to Khatam-ol Anbia Hospitalin Mashhad, Iran for phacoemulsification. The patients underwent general anesthesia, and the conventional technique was performed by pushing down the LMA with the dominant hand with the simultaneous support of the index finger of the dominant hand. In addition, the new technique was carried out by conducting the LMA with the dominant hand and simultaneous use of the non-dominant hand to prevent the contact of the cuff with the palate and oropharynx tissues. All the variables were assessed one day after the operation. Results: The rate of postoperative sore throat was 7.5% in the conventional technique and 1.25% in the new technique. Comparison of the rate of postoperative sore throat between the study groups showed a significant difference in this regard (P=0.048). The overall rate of postoperative sore throat one day after the operation was 3.75%, while it was estimated at 3.75% in the conventional technique. However, comparison of the rate of postoperative sore throat between the study groups demonstrated no significant difference in this regard (P=0.077). Conclusion: Considering the higher effectiveness of the new LMA insertion technique compared to the conventional one technique in the prevention of preventing mucosal bleeding and postoperative sore throat, the new this technique is recommended as a can be used as a safe alternative to for the conventional technique. In the new LMA insertion technique, the this method, the rate of postoperative sore throat decreased due to the declined diminished due to reduced pressure on the tissues of the oropharynx tissues.
引言：本研究旨在比较喉罩气道（LMA）插入的传统和新技术在术后喉咙痛发生率和严重程度方面的差异。方法：在伊朗马什哈德Khatam ol Anbia医院对80例白内障超声乳化术患者进行临床试验。患者接受全身麻醉，常规技术是用惯用手向下推LMA，同时用惯用手的食指支撑。此外，这项新技术是通过用惯用手进行LMA和同时使用非惯用手来防止袖带与腭和口咽组织接触来实现的。所有变量在手术后一天进行评估。结果：术后咽喉痛的发生率在传统技术中为7.5%，在新技术中为1.25%。两组术后喉咙痛发生率的比较显示出这方面的显著差异（P=0.048）。术后一天的术后喉咙疼痛总发生率为3.75%，而传统技术估计为3.75%。然而，研究组之间术后喉咙痛发生率的比较表明，在这方面没有显著差异（P=0.077）。结论：考虑到与传统技术相比，新型LMA插入技术在预防粘膜出血和术后喉咙疼痛方面的有效性更高，推荐使用这种新技术，因为它可以作为传统技术的安全替代方案。在新的LMA插入技术中，这种方法，术后喉咙痛的发生率由于口咽组织压力降低而降低。
{"title":"Comparison of the Conventional and New Techniques of Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Postoperative Sore Throat","authors":"M. G. Fard, M. Akhondi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.39649.1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.39649.1275","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the conventional and new techniques of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion in terms of the rate and severity of postoperative sore throat.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients referring to Khatam-ol Anbia Hospitalin Mashhad, Iran for phacoemulsification. The patients underwent general anesthesia, and the conventional technique was performed by pushing down the LMA with the dominant hand with the simultaneous support of the index finger of the dominant hand. In addition, the new technique was carried out by conducting the LMA with the dominant hand and simultaneous use of the non-dominant hand to prevent the contact of the cuff with the palate and oropharynx tissues. All the variables were assessed one day after the operation. Results: The rate of postoperative sore throat was 7.5% in the conventional technique and 1.25% in the new technique. Comparison of the rate of postoperative sore throat between the study groups showed a significant difference in this regard (P=0.048). The overall rate of postoperative sore throat one day after the operation was 3.75%, while it was estimated at 3.75% in the conventional technique. However, comparison of the rate of postoperative sore throat between the study groups demonstrated no significant difference in this regard (P=0.077). Conclusion: Considering the higher effectiveness of the new LMA insertion technique compared to the conventional one technique in the prevention of preventing mucosal bleeding and postoperative sore throat, the new this technique is recommended as a can be used as a safe alternative to for the conventional technique. In the new LMA insertion technique, the this method, the rate of postoperative sore throat decreased due to the declined diminished due to reduced pressure on the tissues of the oropharynx tissues.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49248530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.38669.1263
M. Sarbaz, Khalil Kimiafar, Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan, Mohammad Javad Ghasri, Mohammad Reza Navaei Far, Yones Bondar Sahebi, Alireza Omranzadeh
Introduction: An adverse event (AE) is defined as an intended condition caused by medical errors or during hospitalization. Evidence in this regard is scarce and outdated. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of medical and surgical AEs in three tertiary hospitals in the northeast of Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all the admitted patients to three trauma-specialized hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences due to AEs (n=1,121) in 2014. Identification of the AEs was accomplished using the International Classification of Diseases 10.Results: The prevalence of AEs was estimated at 1.2%. The mean age of the patients exposed to AEs was 36.5±19.5 years, and 74% of these cases (n=830) were male. The mean length of hospital stay in these patients was 9.8±12.7 days. The majority of the reported AEs (n=1,020; 91%) were caused by surgical and other medical procedures, such as the abnormal reaction of patients, later complication, and not mentioning the misadventure upon the procedure. The mortality rate among the patients was determined to be 2.4%.Conclusion: Although the rate of postoperative complications was relatively low, more strict academic protocols must be exploited in order to prevent AEs, especially in critical periods, such as summer.
{"title":"Medical and Surgical Complications in Three Tertiary Hospitals in the Northeast of Iran: A Multicenter Study","authors":"M. Sarbaz, Khalil Kimiafar, Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan, Mohammad Javad Ghasri, Mohammad Reza Navaei Far, Yones Bondar Sahebi, Alireza Omranzadeh","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.38669.1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.38669.1263","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: An adverse event (AE) is defined as an intended condition caused by medical errors or during hospitalization. Evidence in this regard is scarce and outdated. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of medical and surgical AEs in three tertiary hospitals in the northeast of Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all the admitted patients to three trauma-specialized hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences due to AEs (n=1,121) in 2014. Identification of the AEs was accomplished using the International Classification of Diseases 10.Results: The prevalence of AEs was estimated at 1.2%. The mean age of the patients exposed to AEs was 36.5±19.5 years, and 74% of these cases (n=830) were male. The mean length of hospital stay in these patients was 9.8±12.7 days. The majority of the reported AEs (n=1,020; 91%) were caused by surgical and other medical procedures, such as the abnormal reaction of patients, later complication, and not mentioning the misadventure upon the procedure. The mortality rate among the patients was determined to be 2.4%.Conclusion: Although the rate of postoperative complications was relatively low, more strict academic protocols must be exploited in order to prevent AEs, especially in critical periods, such as summer.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49053828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.35620.1250
A. Jahanbin, M. Shahabi, Abdolrasoul Rangrazi, Parastoo Namdar, F. Alizadeh
With the exception of the third molar, maxillary canine impaction is considered to be the most common form of tooth impaction. The position of the permanent maxillary canine at the angle of the mouth is strategically important in preserving the harmony and symmetry of the dental arches. The incidence of maxillary canine impaction in the maxilla is more than twice higher compared to the mandible. Approximately one-thirds of the cases are labially located, and two-thirds are palatally located. Bilateral impaction has been reported in 8% of the patients with canine impaction. The treatment procedure is time-consuming and imposes a significant financial burden on the patient. Impacted maxillary canines could be erupted and guided to an appropriate location in the dental arch with early detection, timely interception, and proper surgical management in order to perform orthodontic treatment. Various surgical and orthodontic techniques could be used to guide impacted canines into the arch. Accurate selection of surgical and orthodontic techniques is essential to the successful alignment of impacted teeth. Management of impacted tooth often requires an interdisciplinary approach. In addition, proper cooperation of the orthodontist, oral surgeon, and periodontist seems crucial in this process. The present study aimed to review the clinical and practical aspects required for the management of maxillary canine impaction based on the location and age of the impaction.
{"title":"Surgical Management of Various Types of Maxillary Canine Impaction: A Narrative Review","authors":"A. Jahanbin, M. Shahabi, Abdolrasoul Rangrazi, Parastoo Namdar, F. Alizadeh","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.35620.1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.35620.1250","url":null,"abstract":"With the exception of the third molar, maxillary canine impaction is considered to be the most common form of tooth impaction. The position of the permanent maxillary canine at the angle of the mouth is strategically important in preserving the harmony and symmetry of the dental arches. The incidence of maxillary canine impaction in the maxilla is more than twice higher compared to the mandible. Approximately one-thirds of the cases are labially located, and two-thirds are palatally located. Bilateral impaction has been reported in 8% of the patients with canine impaction. The treatment procedure is time-consuming and imposes a significant financial burden on the patient. Impacted maxillary canines could be erupted and guided to an appropriate location in the dental arch with early detection, timely interception, and proper surgical management in order to perform orthodontic treatment. Various surgical and orthodontic techniques could be used to guide impacted canines into the arch. Accurate selection of surgical and orthodontic techniques is essential to the successful alignment of impacted teeth. Management of impacted tooth often requires an interdisciplinary approach. In addition, proper cooperation of the orthodontist, oral surgeon, and periodontist seems crucial in this process. The present study aimed to review the clinical and practical aspects required for the management of maxillary canine impaction based on the location and age of the impaction.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41890739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.38535.1261
K. S. Rizi, Hadi Farsiani, K. Ghazvini, M. Youssefi
Rothia dentocariosa (R. dentocariosa) is a gram-positive bacterium, which is a microorganism that normally resides in the mouth and respiratory tract. R. dentocariosa is known to involve in dental plaques and periodontal diseases. However, it is considered an organism with low pathogenicity and is associated with opportunistic infections. Originally thought not to be pathogenic in humans, R. dentocariosa was first described to cause infections in a 19-year-old female with periappendiceal abscess in 1975. The most prevalent human infections caused by R. dentocariosa include infective endocarditis, bacteremia, endophthalmitis, corneal ulcer, septic arthritis, pneumonia, and peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Three main factors have been reported to increase the risk of the cardiac and extra-cardiac infections caused by R. dentocariosa, including immunocompromised conditions, pre-existing cardiac disorders, and poor oral hygiene. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) may induce peritonitis presumably due to hematogenous spread from gingival or periodontal sources. This case study aimed to describe a former PD patient presenting with peritonitis. Oral hygiene is a basic principle in PD patients for the prevention of peritonitis. It is speculated that our patient might have had an occult oral source of R. dentocariosa.
{"title":"Peritonitis Due to Rothia dentocariosa in Iran: A Case Report","authors":"K. S. Rizi, Hadi Farsiani, K. Ghazvini, M. Youssefi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.38535.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.38535.1261","url":null,"abstract":"Rothia dentocariosa (R. dentocariosa) is a gram-positive bacterium, which is a microorganism that normally resides in the mouth and respiratory tract. R. dentocariosa is known to involve in dental plaques and periodontal diseases. However, it is considered an organism with low pathogenicity and is associated with opportunistic infections. Originally thought not to be pathogenic in humans, R. dentocariosa was first described to cause infections in a 19-year-old female with periappendiceal abscess in 1975. The most prevalent human infections caused by R. dentocariosa include infective endocarditis, bacteremia, endophthalmitis, corneal ulcer, septic arthritis, pneumonia, and peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Three main factors have been reported to increase the risk of the cardiac and extra-cardiac infections caused by R. dentocariosa, including immunocompromised conditions, pre-existing cardiac disorders, and poor oral hygiene. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) may induce peritonitis presumably due to hematogenous spread from gingival or periodontal sources. This case study aimed to describe a former PD patient presenting with peritonitis. Oral hygiene is a basic principle in PD patients for the prevention of peritonitis. It is speculated that our patient might have had an occult oral source of R. dentocariosa.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45734225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2019.33520.1242
A. Yadollahi, M. Dastani, B. Zargaran, Amirabdollah Ghasemi, H. Rahimi
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow, active substance of an herbal origin, which is mainly derived from turmeric of the ginger family. Extensive research has been focused on the therapeutic effects of this substance on diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, and the hepatoprotective properties have attracted the attention of researchers. In addition, curcumin significantly improves oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. It could also modulate various cell signals in cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes. Curcumin attenuates the blood glucose by increasing insulin levels. According to findings, consuming one gram of curcumin per day for one month could decrease total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, it contributes to the control of some of the main parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hepatic cholesterol metabolism is also regulated by curcumin, which has a similar function to lovastatin in the long run. Curcumin has been reported to prevent the enlargement of solid tumours. Several have confirmed the therapeutic role of curcumin in the management of the metabolic syndromes and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to review the therapeutic effects of curcumin.
{"title":"The Beneficial Effects of Curcumin on Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors","authors":"A. Yadollahi, M. Dastani, B. Zargaran, Amirabdollah Ghasemi, H. Rahimi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2019.33520.1242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2019.33520.1242","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow, active substance of an herbal origin, which is mainly derived from turmeric of the ginger family. Extensive research has been focused on the therapeutic effects of this substance on diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, and the hepatoprotective properties have attracted the attention of researchers. In addition, curcumin significantly improves oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. It could also modulate various cell signals in cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes. Curcumin attenuates the blood glucose by increasing insulin levels. According to findings, consuming one gram of curcumin per day for one month could decrease total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, it contributes to the control of some of the main parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hepatic cholesterol metabolism is also regulated by curcumin, which has a similar function to lovastatin in the long run. Curcumin has been reported to prevent the enlargement of solid tumours. Several have confirmed the therapeutic role of curcumin in the management of the metabolic syndromes and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to review the therapeutic effects of curcumin.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44389530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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