Hernandez Roberto, Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea, Ruíz Martínez Osiris, M. D. Carmen
The objective of this research was to establish the ecological succession of the planktonic groups developed in a biofloc system for the cultivation of tilapia. For this purpose, 20 fish of 7±2 cm long and an average weight of 8.6 g were introduced in 200 liters’ cylinders. Every day they were fed commercial food with 40% protein. The diet was calculated considering 10% of the body mass and molasses was added to promote the development of heterotrophic bacteria maintaining a C/N ratio of 15:1. Diversity and abundance of the organisms associated with the bioflocs was analyzed during 10 weeks by direct observation under an optical microscope (Olympus CBX50) connected to an image processing software. At the same time, physicochemical parameters (pH, nitrite, nitrates and ammonium) were measured using a HANNA Aquaculture Photometer auto analyzer (HI83203). Results showed a marked succession of planktonic organisms as the system matured, with the occurrence of facilitation, tolerance and inhibition mechanisms among the groups. Chlorophytes and cyanobacteria were among the facilitator species responsible for the transformation of nitrogen compounds into assimilable forms available for the development of other organisms with more complex structures, so that -throughout the experiment- ciliates and other protozoa appeared quickly, but with variations both in diversity and abundance among the groups. Later on, rotifers, one of the most conspicuous groups, increased represented by the genera Lepadella , Phillodina , Lecane and Habrotrocha . The last group to appear was that of nematodes (sixth week), which indicates that the system was already mature by providing sufficient carbohydrates for the formation of the collagen structures of this group.
{"title":"Ecological succession of plankton in a biofloc system with molasses as carbon source","authors":"Hernandez Roberto, Rodriguez-Martinez Andrea, Ruíz Martínez Osiris, M. D. Carmen","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V6I7.2456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V6I7.2456","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to establish the ecological succession of the planktonic groups developed in a biofloc system for the cultivation of tilapia. For this purpose, 20 fish of 7±2 cm long and an average weight of 8.6 g were introduced in 200 liters’ cylinders. Every day they were fed commercial food with 40% protein. The diet was calculated considering 10% of the body mass and molasses was added to promote the development of heterotrophic bacteria maintaining a C/N ratio of 15:1. Diversity and abundance of the organisms associated with the bioflocs was analyzed during 10 weeks by direct observation under an optical microscope (Olympus CBX50) connected to an image processing software. At the same time, physicochemical parameters (pH, nitrite, nitrates and ammonium) were measured using a HANNA Aquaculture Photometer auto analyzer (HI83203). Results showed a marked succession of planktonic organisms as the system matured, with the occurrence of facilitation, tolerance and inhibition mechanisms among the groups. Chlorophytes and cyanobacteria were among the facilitator species responsible for the transformation of nitrogen compounds into assimilable forms available for the development of other organisms with more complex structures, so that -throughout the experiment- ciliates and other protozoa appeared quickly, but with variations both in diversity and abundance among the groups. Later on, rotifers, one of the most conspicuous groups, increased represented by the genera Lepadella , Phillodina , Lecane and Habrotrocha . The last group to appear was that of nematodes (sixth week), which indicates that the system was already mature by providing sufficient carbohydrates for the formation of the collagen structures of this group.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115499797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Nathaniel, O. Izuchukwu, Nzalak James Oliver, A. Tanang
This study was carried out to investigate the development of the brain in the grey breasted helmeted guinea fowl in Nigeria. Domestication of this species of bird is in an increase, but scanty documentation on the development of cerebrum and how it relates to the neurobiology of this bird is lacking. A total of seventy four (74) fertilized grey breasted helmeted guinea fowl eggs purchased from National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria and other local breeders within Jos and its environs were used for this study. Grossly, the cerebrum of the helmeted guinea fowl appeared first on day 4 of incubation and was lissencephalic throughout the incubation period. The mean weight of the cerebrum was established to be 0.010 ± 0.003 g on day 5 pre-hatch. The weights progresses steadily but weighed less than 3.0 g on day 28 prior to hatching. At day 5 of incubation, there were numerous neuroblast migrating from the neuroepithelium of the lateral ventricles. Blood vessel was the first organ to be formed. The cerebrum was first observed to appear on day 4 of incubation. The cerebrum was fully formed void of olfactory lobe at pre-hatch period.
{"title":"Morphogenesis of the cerebrum of grey breasted helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) at incubation period","authors":"W. Nathaniel, O. Izuchukwu, Nzalak James Oliver, A. Tanang","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V6I5.2402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V6I5.2402","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the development of the brain in the grey breasted helmeted guinea fowl in Nigeria. Domestication of this species of bird is in an increase, but scanty documentation on the development of cerebrum and how it relates to the neurobiology of this bird is lacking. A total of seventy four (74) fertilized grey breasted helmeted guinea fowl eggs purchased from National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria and other local breeders within Jos and its environs were used for this study. Grossly, the cerebrum of the helmeted guinea fowl appeared first on day 4 of incubation and was lissencephalic throughout the incubation period. The mean weight of the cerebrum was established to be 0.010 ± 0.003 g on day 5 pre-hatch. The weights progresses steadily but weighed less than 3.0 g on day 28 prior to hatching. At day 5 of incubation, there were numerous neuroblast migrating from the neuroepithelium of the lateral ventricles. Blood vessel was the first organ to be formed. The cerebrum was first observed to appear on day 4 of incubation. The cerebrum was fully formed void of olfactory lobe at pre-hatch period.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131184990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tinashe Kaguru, John Fisher Mupangwa, J. Rust, V. Muchenje, M. Mkhungela, N. Assan
A study was carried out between June 2014 and May 2015 using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and face to face interviews to characterize the consumption pattern, preference and purchase behaviour of milk and milk products in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A multi-stage area probability sampling was used to select five hundred households from five districts within the Eastern Cape Province (100 from each district). The data was analysed using the IBM, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The communal average family size in the province was between 5-10 members with a monthly income of ZAR1340 per household. The monthly mean of raw milk consumption pattern was (2.196± 1.423) 2-5 litres of cattle milk, (4.780±0.785) 2-5 litres of goat milk and (4.980±0.692) 2-5 litres of sheep milk per household. Pasteurised milk was found to be the most regularly consumed and preferred milk product with an average consumption of 4.78±0.84 litres per household per month. Monthly cattle milk product consumption were 0.5 kg-1 kg of powdered milk and 2-5 litres of sour milk. Household composition and consumer preference were (P<0.05) significantly the primary reasons for the consumption of milk and milk products. The standard price for milk and milk products ranged from R8.50-R9.50 per litre of fresh milk, R7.50-R8.50 per litre of sour milk, R33.00-R35 kg of powdered milk and R11.50-R12.50 litre of pasteurised milk. The study concluded that socio-demographic characteristics such as household size, household composition, gender of the household head and marital status greatly affected consumption patterns of milk and milk products in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
{"title":"Milk and milk products consumption pattern, preference and purchase behaviour in communal areas of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa","authors":"Tinashe Kaguru, John Fisher Mupangwa, J. Rust, V. Muchenje, M. Mkhungela, N. Assan","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V6I5.2391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V6I5.2391","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out between June 2014 and May 2015 using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and face to face interviews to characterize the consumption pattern, preference and purchase behaviour of milk and milk products in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A multi-stage area probability sampling was used to select five hundred households from five districts within the Eastern Cape Province (100 from each district). The data was analysed using the IBM, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The communal average family size in the province was between 5-10 members with a monthly income of ZAR1340 per household. The monthly mean of raw milk consumption pattern was (2.196± 1.423) 2-5 litres of cattle milk, (4.780±0.785) 2-5 litres of goat milk and (4.980±0.692) 2-5 litres of sheep milk per household. Pasteurised milk was found to be the most regularly consumed and preferred milk product with an average consumption of 4.78±0.84 litres per household per month. Monthly cattle milk product consumption were 0.5 kg-1 kg of powdered milk and 2-5 litres of sour milk. Household composition and consumer preference were (P<0.05) significantly the primary reasons for the consumption of milk and milk products. The standard price for milk and milk products ranged from R8.50-R9.50 per litre of fresh milk, R7.50-R8.50 per litre of sour milk, R33.00-R35 kg of powdered milk and R11.50-R12.50 litre of pasteurised milk. The study concluded that socio-demographic characteristics such as household size, household composition, gender of the household head and marital status greatly affected consumption patterns of milk and milk products in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117086774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laurent Bahou, M. d’Almeida, T. Koné, Célestin Atsé-Boua
Testes of 406 males little tunny ( Euthynnus alletteratus ), collected over a year period from an artisanal commercial fishery, were used to morphologically and histologically assess patterns of the reproductive biology in this small tuna. Most of the specimens examined ranged in size from 35 to 82 cm FL (centimetre fork length). Observation of slides under a light microscope revealed that males investigated have lobular testicular structure. These lobules arrange in a branching system of tubules. Tubules join side by side to one another and yet inter-tubular-spaces separate them. Gametes’ developmental stages occur within such a structure. Histological characteristics were consistent with the description of the six-maturity stages of males little tunny determined on the basis of the macroscopic observation.
{"title":"Spermatogenesis in little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) fished on continental shelf of Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Laurent Bahou, M. d’Almeida, T. Koné, Célestin Atsé-Boua","doi":"10.14196/sjbs.v6i3.2429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjbs.v6i3.2429","url":null,"abstract":"Testes of 406 males little tunny ( Euthynnus alletteratus ), collected over a year period from an artisanal commercial fishery, were used to morphologically and histologically assess patterns of the reproductive biology in this small tuna. Most of the specimens examined ranged in size from 35 to 82 cm FL (centimetre fork length). Observation of slides under a light microscope revealed that males investigated have lobular testicular structure. These lobules arrange in a branching system of tubules. Tubules join side by side to one another and yet inter-tubular-spaces separate them. Gametes’ developmental stages occur within such a structure. Histological characteristics were consistent with the description of the six-maturity stages of males little tunny determined on the basis of the macroscopic observation.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120968755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among all constraints of beekeeping, natural bee enemies are known to cause great damage on the life and the product of honeybees through causing absconding and migration. A study was conducted in Bale from July, 2010- June, 2012 in six districts with the objective of assessing the effect of natural bee enemies on the life of honeybees and their products. From each district 3 Rural Kebeles (RK’s) and 10 beekeepers from each RK’s were purposively selected and a total of 180 beekeepers were participated. The selected beekeepers were interviewed using pre-tested structured questionnaires and single-visit-multiple formal survey method to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and descriptive analysis method. The majority (96.86%) of the respondents in the study area were followed traditional production system, but only few beekeepers were started transitional (0.88) and modern (2.26) beekeeping production system. In the study area honeybees’ enemies, agro-chemicals, lack of knowledge to manage bees and bee products, lack of bee colonies and bees poisoning from plants identified as major beekeeping constraints. Respondents were asked to identify major honeybee pests and predators. Based on the result of this study, the existence of pests and predators were a major challenge to the honeybees and beekeepers in the study area. In all surveyed area the beekeepers were reported that the presence of Honey badger, spider, bee-eating birds, bee lice, Beetles, wasps, Death Head hawks moth Mice and lizards in order of their decreasing importance. Traditionally, the beekeepers were used their own control mechanisms of protecting these pests and predators like application of ash under the stand of the hive, hanging hives by rope on long trees, cleaning around the apiary site, using dog for large predators like honey badger, fencing their apiary site and mechanical like killing of the predators and pests etc. About 72.6% of the respondents reported that honey production trend in the area were decreasing and 25.1% and 2.2 was said increasing and unchanged trend of production system respectively. Despite the challenges of beekeeping, it is realized that there is potential of beekeeping in Bale, though the production system is traditional and there is an opportunity of improving the situation since there are plenty of beekeeping resources.
{"title":"Assessment of honeybee enemies (pests and predators) in Bale zone, Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Dubale, G. Hailu, Temaro Gelgelu Desha","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V6I3.2364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V6I3.2364","url":null,"abstract":"Among all constraints of beekeeping, natural bee enemies are known to cause great damage on the life and the product of honeybees through causing absconding and migration. A study was conducted in Bale from July, 2010- June, 2012 in six districts with the objective of assessing the effect of natural bee enemies on the life of honeybees and their products. From each district 3 Rural Kebeles (RK’s) and 10 beekeepers from each RK’s were purposively selected and a total of 180 beekeepers were participated. The selected beekeepers were interviewed using pre-tested structured questionnaires and single-visit-multiple formal survey method to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and descriptive analysis method. The majority (96.86%) of the respondents in the study area were followed traditional production system, but only few beekeepers were started transitional (0.88) and modern (2.26) beekeeping production system. In the study area honeybees’ enemies, agro-chemicals, lack of knowledge to manage bees and bee products, lack of bee colonies and bees poisoning from plants identified as major beekeeping constraints. Respondents were asked to identify major honeybee pests and predators. Based on the result of this study, the existence of pests and predators were a major challenge to the honeybees and beekeepers in the study area. In all surveyed area the beekeepers were reported that the presence of Honey badger, spider, bee-eating birds, bee lice, Beetles, wasps, Death Head hawks moth Mice and lizards in order of their decreasing importance. Traditionally, the beekeepers were used their own control mechanisms of protecting these pests and predators like application of ash under the stand of the hive, hanging hives by rope on long trees, cleaning around the apiary site, using dog for large predators like honey badger, fencing their apiary site and mechanical like killing of the predators and pests etc. About 72.6% of the respondents reported that honey production trend in the area were decreasing and 25.1% and 2.2 was said increasing and unchanged trend of production system respectively. Despite the challenges of beekeeping, it is realized that there is potential of beekeeping in Bale, though the production system is traditional and there is an opportunity of improving the situation since there are plenty of beekeeping resources.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120917627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smallholder agriculture sector which harbors different village chickens ecotypes/varieties/strains is one of the most susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change due to its low adaptive potentiality. As of now, the sector is facing scores of challenges due to unpredictable environmental consequences of climate change which have impinged on village/indigenous/local/native chicken production systems. The adverse effects associated with climate change which can impact negatively on village chicken production systems being diminished water resources, changes in the rainfall form and abundance, elevated temperature regime, unpredictable seasonal distortion, dwindling of feed resources and prevalence of uncommon diseases and parasites. Therefore, it is assumed that the development and promotion of certain village chicken outstanding subgroups such as the necked necks become critical in sustaining productivity. Village chickens are excellent for their adaptability and tolerant to local diseases and harsh environmental conditions. Structural, functional and feeding behavior of some village chicken strains will play a critical role in enhancing production, reproduction and survival in these adverse conditions. As a result, it is appropriate to develop and promote village chicken subgroups through within population selection. Adaptive management and anticipatory learning approach in village chicken development and promotion is suggested. The preceding review attempt to explore the likely effect of animal species selection, such as promoting village chickens genetic resources in smallholder rural farming sector in tackling climate change challenges. Strategic development and promotion of village chickens, which target both productivity and adaptability traits will greatly help in improving the welfare of the rural folk through substantiating their resilience.
{"title":"Development and promotion of village chickens subgroups to counteract the adverse effects of climate change in Sub Saharan Africa","authors":"N. Assan, M. Moyo, Tinashe Kaguru","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V6I3.2365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V6I3.2365","url":null,"abstract":"Smallholder agriculture sector which harbors different village chickens ecotypes/varieties/strains is one of the most susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change due to its low adaptive potentiality. As of now, the sector is facing scores of challenges due to unpredictable environmental consequences of climate change which have impinged on village/indigenous/local/native chicken production systems. The adverse effects associated with climate change which can impact negatively on village chicken production systems being diminished water resources, changes in the rainfall form and abundance, elevated temperature regime, unpredictable seasonal distortion, dwindling of feed resources and prevalence of uncommon diseases and parasites. Therefore, it is assumed that the development and promotion of certain village chicken outstanding subgroups such as the necked necks become critical in sustaining productivity. Village chickens are excellent for their adaptability and tolerant to local diseases and harsh environmental conditions. Structural, functional and feeding behavior of some village chicken strains will play a critical role in enhancing production, reproduction and survival in these adverse conditions. As a result, it is appropriate to develop and promote village chicken subgroups through within population selection. Adaptive management and anticipatory learning approach in village chicken development and promotion is suggested. The preceding review attempt to explore the likely effect of animal species selection, such as promoting village chickens genetic resources in smallholder rural farming sector in tackling climate change challenges. Strategic development and promotion of village chickens, which target both productivity and adaptability traits will greatly help in improving the welfare of the rural folk through substantiating their resilience.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129206783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mélissa, Olvera Vázquez Maricarmen, Vieyra Mexicano Cinthya, G. Valeria, Orocio Alcántara Nahúm Elías, M. D. Carmen
The aim of this study was to determine physiological groups of heterotrophic community bacteria in River Actopan mouth, Chachalacas, Veracruz, Mexico. Water samples were collected in sterile jars in three zones of river: zone A (UrsuloGalvan bridge), zone B (La Loma de San Rafael) and zone C (La Bocana). The water samples were analyzed through specific culture mediums for heterotrophic bacteria groups that degrade collagen, cellulose, chitin, starch and hydrocarbons. Species were identified by conventional biochemical tests, identification strips API 20E and 20NE and for the case of bacteria that degrade hydrocarbons it was used the sequencing of RNA gen 16S. The results indicate that in zone A, bacteria that use collagen and starch as source of carbon were most abundant (105.6 cfumL -1 and 100 cfumL -1 respectively), in zone B, collagen and chitin bacteria obtained 71.6 cfumL -1 and 60 cfumL -1 , respectively. While in zone C, higher values were shown in gelatinases and cellulose degradative bacteria with 109 cfumL -1 and 106 cfumL -1 respectively, although it was also observed that this zone has more abundance in oil degrading bacteria with respect to zone A and B.
本研究的目的是确定墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯察查拉卡斯河Actopan口异养群落细菌的生理类群。在A区(UrsuloGalvan桥)、B区(La Loma de San Rafael)和C区(La Bocana)三个区域用无菌罐采集水样。通过特定培养基对水样进行异养细菌群的分析，这些异养细菌群可以降解胶原蛋白、纤维素、几丁质、淀粉和碳氢化合物。物种鉴定采用常规生化试验，鉴定条API 20E和20NE，降解烃类的细菌采用RNA gen 16S测序。结果表明，A区以胶原蛋白和淀粉为碳源的细菌数量最多(分别为105.6 cfumL -1和100 cfumL -1)， B区以胶原蛋白和甲壳素为碳源的细菌数量分别为71.6 cfumL -1和60 cfumL -1。而在C区，明胶酶和纤维素降解细菌的cfumL -1的丰度较高，分别为109 cfumL -1和106 cfumL -1，尽管也观察到该区域的油降解细菌的丰度高于A区和B区。
{"title":"Physiological groups of heterotrophic community bacteria present at River Actopan, Chachalacas barrier, Veracruz","authors":"T. Mélissa, Olvera Vázquez Maricarmen, Vieyra Mexicano Cinthya, G. Valeria, Orocio Alcántara Nahúm Elías, M. D. Carmen","doi":"10.14196/sjas.v6i1.2358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjas.v6i1.2358","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine physiological groups of heterotrophic community bacteria in River Actopan mouth, Chachalacas, Veracruz, Mexico. Water samples were collected in sterile jars in three zones of river: zone A (UrsuloGalvan bridge), zone B (La Loma de San Rafael) and zone C (La Bocana). The water samples were analyzed through specific culture mediums for heterotrophic bacteria groups that degrade collagen, cellulose, chitin, starch and hydrocarbons. Species were identified by conventional biochemical tests, identification strips API 20E and 20NE and for the case of bacteria that degrade hydrocarbons it was used the sequencing of RNA gen 16S. The results indicate that in zone A, bacteria that use collagen and starch as source of carbon were most abundant (105.6 cfumL -1 and 100 cfumL -1 respectively), in zone B, collagen and chitin bacteria obtained 71.6 cfumL -1 and 60 cfumL -1 , respectively. While in zone C, higher values were shown in gelatinases and cellulose degradative bacteria with 109 cfumL -1 and 106 cfumL -1 respectively, although it was also observed that this zone has more abundance in oil degrading bacteria with respect to zone A and B.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131820996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-17DOI: 10.14196/SJAS.V5I12.2341
Ponce Garnillo Carol Vianey, M. D. Carmen, José Alberto Ramirez Tórrez, J. A. Cervantes, J. C. Mejía
An The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacteria Rhodococcus sp. in growth, survival, and coloration of Puntius conchonius. It was obtained a batch of 300 larvae of seven days after hatching and were divided in six aquariums of 60 litters (50 org per aquarium) and fed with Artemia franciscana nauplii, enriched with Rhodococcus sp. at a concentration of 1 x 10 7 cells per milliliter. There was also a control treatment where larvae were only fed with Artemia nauplii without probiotic. Every fifteen days, biometric parameters were obtained such as weight, total length, high, wide. Also, physicochemical parameters were measured like pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, nitrites, and ammonium, and it was evaluated the increase in fish coloration following the method for pigment extraction. Feeding period was carried out for 60 days. Survival was 100% in both treatments, but in fish fed with Rhodococcus sp. presented better growth results in total length, wide and weight, than control group. Regarding to fish coloration, variance analysis showed significant differences between treatments (P=0.035), having a better coloration in tissue of fish fed with probiotic, proving that this genus present enormous benefits as it not only improves productive parameters, but also increases coloration of fish; fundamental aspect for ornamental species commercialization.
{"title":"Rhodococcus sp. as probiotic bacteria for increase the survival, growth and coloration of fish Puntius conchonius","authors":"Ponce Garnillo Carol Vianey, M. D. Carmen, José Alberto Ramirez Tórrez, J. A. Cervantes, J. C. Mejía","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I12.2341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I12.2341","url":null,"abstract":"An The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacteria Rhodococcus sp. in growth, survival, and coloration of Puntius conchonius. It was obtained a batch of 300 larvae of seven days after hatching and were divided in six aquariums of 60 litters (50 org per aquarium) and fed with Artemia franciscana nauplii, enriched with Rhodococcus sp. at a concentration of 1 x 10 7 cells per milliliter. There was also a control treatment where larvae were only fed with Artemia nauplii without probiotic. Every fifteen days, biometric parameters were obtained such as weight, total length, high, wide. Also, physicochemical parameters were measured like pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, nitrites, and ammonium, and it was evaluated the increase in fish coloration following the method for pigment extraction. Feeding period was carried out for 60 days. Survival was 100% in both treatments, but in fish fed with Rhodococcus sp. presented better growth results in total length, wide and weight, than control group. Regarding to fish coloration, variance analysis showed significant differences between treatments (P=0.035), having a better coloration in tissue of fish fed with probiotic, proving that this genus present enormous benefits as it not only improves productive parameters, but also increases coloration of fish; fundamental aspect for ornamental species commercialization.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130039337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-22DOI: 10.14196/sjbs.v5i11.2177
M. Ghorbani, M. Omidi, S. A. Peighambari, K. Rezaei
The roots of Rubia tinctorum L., the common madder contain natural red dye known as alizarin. In the current study, central composite design of response surface methodology was employed for modeling of fungal elicitor treatment on natural alizarin production in uniform hairy root cultures of common madder in liquid 1/2 B5 medium. Upon fungal elicitation assay, using two fungal mycelia elicitors ( Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris maydis ) at three different times (0, 12 and 24h), the production of alizarin was determined. According to the results, after 24h; modeling and optimization conditions, including combination of 2 % of both elicitors for alizarin production equal to 10.0 mg.g -1 DW was evaluated. Optimal process parameters have been determined by using a high desirability value of 1.00 in Design-Expert ® software. Our results, altogether, offer a promising method regarding to the improvement of the alizarin production, as a pivotal natural dye in industrial applications.
{"title":"Response surface modeling of natural alizarin production in hairy root cultures of Rubia tinctorum L. upon elicitation with fungal mycelia","authors":"M. Ghorbani, M. Omidi, S. A. Peighambari, K. Rezaei","doi":"10.14196/sjbs.v5i11.2177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjbs.v5i11.2177","url":null,"abstract":"The roots of Rubia tinctorum L., the common madder contain natural red dye known as alizarin. In the current study, central composite design of response surface methodology was employed for modeling of fungal elicitor treatment on natural alizarin production in uniform hairy root cultures of common madder in liquid 1/2 B5 medium. Upon fungal elicitation assay, using two fungal mycelia elicitors ( Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris maydis ) at three different times (0, 12 and 24h), the production of alizarin was determined. According to the results, after 24h; modeling and optimization conditions, including combination of 2 % of both elicitors for alizarin production equal to 10.0 mg.g -1 DW was evaluated. Optimal process parameters have been determined by using a high desirability value of 1.00 in Design-Expert ® software. Our results, altogether, offer a promising method regarding to the improvement of the alizarin production, as a pivotal natural dye in industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129083669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-22DOI: 10.14196/SJAS.V5I11.2310
Y. Akpo, Sènan Fréjus Adjalala, E. Attakpa, M. Assogba
An epidemiological study of parasitism has been undertaken in the Communes of Bohicon, Djidja and Zogbodomey on 300 small ruminants. The coproscopic technics of flotation and sedimentation realized on Djallonke and Oudah sheeps and on guinean dwarf goats have shown parasites like Dicrocoeluim sp, Monieza expanza sp, Cappillaria sp, Strongyloide sp likewise strongylides eggs and Trichostrongylide commonly called ''strongles eggs'' and some oocysts coccidiosis like Eimeria sp. This study has revealed that the animal global infestation rate to helminth and oocysts like Eimeria sp was from 82.47% in goats versus 80.77% in sheeps. The helminthic was more raised in sheeps (69.87%) than goats (36.25%) (P < 0.05). The strongles were the most helminths met with the rates of 89.65% in goats and 83.62% in sheeps. The coccidiosis prevalence was 87.5% in goats versus 83.13% in sheeps. By considering the Communes, the rate of coccidian oocysts were 61.84%, 91.01%, and 98.76% respectively in Djidja, Bohicon and Zogbodomey. According to coprology methods used, the flotation was shown to be more sensible with 73.95% of positive samples in comparison to the sedimentation (63.57%). The predominance of nematodes and trematodes’s eggs can explain this difference in the sensitivities. A close collaboration between the Veterinary laboratory of Bohicon, the agents of the rural development in the field and the breeders by strategical intervention based on the association ''diagnosis-deworming'' at the end of dry season and the rainy season must be considered. However, the development of this type of farming , accelerated by the expectation of products more "natural" by consumers, increases the risk parasite.
{"title":"Prevalence of small ruminants digestive parasitosis in the Communes of Bohicon, Djidja and Zogbodomey, center of Benin","authors":"Y. Akpo, Sènan Fréjus Adjalala, E. Attakpa, M. Assogba","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I11.2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I11.2310","url":null,"abstract":"An epidemiological study of parasitism has been undertaken in the Communes of Bohicon, Djidja and Zogbodomey on 300 small ruminants. The coproscopic technics of flotation and sedimentation realized on Djallonke and Oudah sheeps and on guinean dwarf goats have shown parasites like Dicrocoeluim sp, Monieza expanza sp, Cappillaria sp, Strongyloide sp likewise strongylides eggs and Trichostrongylide commonly called ''strongles eggs'' and some oocysts coccidiosis like Eimeria sp. This study has revealed that the animal global infestation rate to helminth and oocysts like Eimeria sp was from 82.47% in goats versus 80.77% in sheeps. The helminthic was more raised in sheeps (69.87%) than goats (36.25%) (P < 0.05). The strongles were the most helminths met with the rates of 89.65% in goats and 83.62% in sheeps. The coccidiosis prevalence was 87.5% in goats versus 83.13% in sheeps. By considering the Communes, the rate of coccidian oocysts were 61.84%, 91.01%, and 98.76% respectively in Djidja, Bohicon and Zogbodomey. According to coprology methods used, the flotation was shown to be more sensible with 73.95% of positive samples in comparison to the sedimentation (63.57%). The predominance of nematodes and trematodes’s eggs can explain this difference in the sensitivities. A close collaboration between the Veterinary laboratory of Bohicon, the agents of the rural development in the field and the breeders by strategical intervention based on the association ''diagnosis-deworming'' at the end of dry season and the rainy season must be considered. However, the development of this type of farming , accelerated by the expectation of products more \"natural\" by consumers, increases the risk parasite.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122721139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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