This study was done with the objective of assessing the current poultry production system, feed resources and provides valuable information for researchers, producers, instructors and policy makers in Ethiopia. The review was done deeply with original research findings of different scholars working on poultry. This study revealed that there are three poultry production systems classified based on the input, flock size, health and bio-security measures (village poultry production, small scale and commercial production systems). The main poultry feed resources in the country are household wastes, cereal grains and their by-products, industrial by products, oil seed cakes and non-conventional feed resources. There is shortage of commercial feed resources and processing meals thought it is expensive. In conclusion, the most common production system practiced in the major farming community is the village production system with irregular supplementation of cereal grains Therefore, investors and government institutions should avail the concentrate feeds with affordable price to improve the production and productivity of poultry in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Poultry production systems and its feed resources in Ethiopia: a research review","authors":"M. Kebede","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I2.2115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I2.2115","url":null,"abstract":"This study was done with the objective of assessing the current poultry production system, feed resources and provides valuable information for researchers, producers, instructors and policy makers in Ethiopia. The review was done deeply with original research findings of different scholars working on poultry. This study revealed that there are three poultry production systems classified based on the input, flock size, health and bio-security measures (village poultry production, small scale and commercial production systems). The main poultry feed resources in the country are household wastes, cereal grains and their by-products, industrial by products, oil seed cakes and non-conventional feed resources. There is shortage of commercial feed resources and processing meals thought it is expensive. In conclusion, the most common production system practiced in the major farming community is the village production system with irregular supplementation of cereal grains Therefore, investors and government institutions should avail the concentrate feeds with affordable price to improve the production and productivity of poultry in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131433397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The move towards a low-carbon world, driven partly by climate science and partly by the business opportunities it offers, will need the promotion of environmentally friendly alternatives, if an acceptable stabilisation level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is to be achieved. People are relying upon oil for primary energy and this will continue for a few more decades. Other conventional sources may be more enduring, but are not without serious disadvantages. The renewable energy resources are particularly suited for the provision of rural power supplies and a major advantage is that equipment such as flat plate solar driers, wind machines, etc., can be constructed using local resources. Without the advantage results from the feasibility of local maintenance and the general encouragement such local manufacture gives to the build up of small-scale rural based industry. This communication comprises a comprehensive review of energy sources, the environment and sustainable development. It includes the renewable energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy conservation scenarios, energy savings in greenhouses environment and other mitigation measures necessary to reduce climate change. This study gives some examples of small-scale energy converters, nevertheless it should be noted that small conventional, i.e., engines are currently the major source of power in rural areas and will continue to be so for a long time to come. There is a need for some further development to suit local conditions, to minimise spares holdings, to maximise the interchangeability of the engine parts, and of the engine applications. Emphasis should be placed on full local manufacture. It is concluded that renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented and demonstrated by a full-scale plant (device) especially for use in remote rural areas.
{"title":"Recent progress in sustainable development and environmentally friendly energy systems: Case of Sudan","authors":"A. Omer","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V5I1.2134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V5I1.2134","url":null,"abstract":"The move towards a low-carbon world, driven partly by climate science and partly by the business opportunities it offers, will need the promotion of environmentally friendly alternatives, if an acceptable stabilisation level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is to be achieved. People are relying upon oil for primary energy and this will continue for a few more decades. Other conventional sources may be more enduring, but are not without serious disadvantages. The renewable energy resources are particularly suited for the provision of rural power supplies and a major advantage is that equipment such as flat plate solar driers, wind machines, etc., can be constructed using local resources. Without the advantage results from the feasibility of local maintenance and the general encouragement such local manufacture gives to the build up of small-scale rural based industry. This communication comprises a comprehensive review of energy sources, the environment and sustainable development. It includes the renewable energy technologies, energy efficiency systems, energy conservation scenarios, energy savings in greenhouses environment and other mitigation measures necessary to reduce climate change. This study gives some examples of small-scale energy converters, nevertheless it should be noted that small conventional, i.e., engines are currently the major source of power in rural areas and will continue to be so for a long time to come. There is a need for some further development to suit local conditions, to minimise spares holdings, to maximise the interchangeability of the engine parts, and of the engine applications. Emphasis should be placed on full local manufacture. It is concluded that renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented and demonstrated by a full-scale plant (device) especially for use in remote rural areas.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132760359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laurent Bahou, M. d’Almeida, T. Koné, Célestin Atsé Boua, Guillaume Dadi Séripka
Some females little tunny (n=395) caught in gillnets and measuring in size from 35 to 76 cm FL (centimetre Fork Length) were sampled from January to December 2004 to study some biological features (length-weight relationship, size at first sexual maturity, eggs variation in diameter, gonado-somatic index, hepato-somatic index, somatic condition, and fecundity) along with histological characteristics of the reproduction process in this species. Female E. alletteratus reached maturity at 42.54 cm FL. Maturity stage distribution and gonado-somatic index (GSI) revealed that spawning period extended from May to October, with a peak value of GSI attained in August. There is a direct correlation between GSI and hepato-somatic index (HSI), and an inverse correlation of these factors to the somatic condition (K c ). The absolute fecundity has linear relationship with the weights of specimens and weights of ovaries. Yet, curvilinear relationship was found between the absolute fecundity and sizes of females. Eggs count in ovaries at spawning (IV) and post spawning (V) stages revealed bimodal size classes, while ovaries at maturing stage III showed unique modal-egg-frequency distribution.
{"title":"Reproductive biology and histological characteristics of female little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) caught on continental shelf of Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Laurent Bahou, M. d’Almeida, T. Koné, Célestin Atsé Boua, Guillaume Dadi Séripka","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V5I1.2084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V5I1.2084","url":null,"abstract":"Some females little tunny (n=395) caught in gillnets and measuring in size from 35 to 76 cm FL (centimetre Fork Length) were sampled from January to December 2004 to study some biological features (length-weight relationship, size at first sexual maturity, eggs variation in diameter, gonado-somatic index, hepato-somatic index, somatic condition, and fecundity) along with histological characteristics of the reproduction process in this species. Female E. alletteratus reached maturity at 42.54 cm FL. Maturity stage distribution and gonado-somatic index (GSI) revealed that spawning period extended from May to October, with a peak value of GSI attained in August. There is a direct correlation between GSI and hepato-somatic index (HSI), and an inverse correlation of these factors to the somatic condition (K c ). The absolute fecundity has linear relationship with the weights of specimens and weights of ovaries. Yet, curvilinear relationship was found between the absolute fecundity and sizes of females. Eggs count in ovaries at spawning (IV) and post spawning (V) stages revealed bimodal size classes, while ovaries at maturing stage III showed unique modal-egg-frequency distribution.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115081230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was conducted to determine the productive performances and carcass characteristics of broilers fed graded raw Acacia saligna seed meal. A total of 132 Cobb500 unsexed day-old broiler chicken were used for the experiment. The chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% A. saligna seed meal. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used and 33 chicks were allocated for each treatment. The daily dry matter intake showed significant difference (P 0.05) among treatments in the daily weight gain, final body weight, body weight change and carcass parameters in finisher and entire period. Therefore, it can be concluded that raw A. saligna seed meal can be incorporated up to 5% level in the diet of broilers for better growth performance and carcass characteristics.
{"title":"Acacia saligna seed meal as alternative feed ingredient in broiler ration: Effect on productive performance and carcass characteristics","authors":"M. Kebede, A. Tadesse","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I1.2104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I1.2104","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to determine the productive performances and carcass characteristics of broilers fed graded raw Acacia saligna seed meal. A total of 132 Cobb500 unsexed day-old broiler chicken were used for the experiment. The chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments containing 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% A. saligna seed meal. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used and 33 chicks were allocated for each treatment. The daily dry matter intake showed significant difference (P 0.05) among treatments in the daily weight gain, final body weight, body weight change and carcass parameters in finisher and entire period. Therefore, it can be concluded that raw A. saligna seed meal can be incorporated up to 5% level in the diet of broilers for better growth performance and carcass characteristics.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129644325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) is a nutritious but grossly underutilized food resource with great potentials for improving the productivity of milking goats in Nigeria. Twenty four Red Sokoto goats fed diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% baobab pulp and seed meal (BPSM) were used to evaluate the influence of baobab fruit on yield and composition of goat milk. The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized design. Animals were exercised daily inside a fenced paddock where they had access to forage. Dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and milk composition in the goats were measured over a period of 84 days. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in intake, milk yield and FCR of the goats. DM intake increased from 21.5 to 27.5 % of live weight (LW) and milk yield from 333.8 to 441.9 g/day with inclusion of BPSM in the diet. FCR was 1.40, 1.30, 1.28 and 1.29 for 0, 10, 20 and 30% BPSM diets respectively. Milk composition was also significantly (P<0.05) influenced by level of baobab meal in the diet. Total solids in milk increased from 12.23 to 14.10 %; protein from 3.50 to 4.08 %; and fat from 3.38 to 4.45 % with BPSM in the diet. Addition of BPSM to the diet enhanced feed intake and milk production in Red Sokoto goats raised in the derived savanna of Nigeria.
{"title":"Influence of baobab fruit in the diet on intake, milk yield and milk composition in Red Sokoto goats","authors":"D. Okunlola, O. Olorunnisomo","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I1.1945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I1.1945","url":null,"abstract":"Baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) is a nutritious but grossly underutilized food resource with great potentials for improving the productivity of milking goats in Nigeria. Twenty four Red Sokoto goats fed diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% baobab pulp and seed meal (BPSM) were used to evaluate the influence of baobab fruit on yield and composition of goat milk. The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized design. Animals were exercised daily inside a fenced paddock where they had access to forage. Dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and milk composition in the goats were measured over a period of 84 days. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in intake, milk yield and FCR of the goats. DM intake increased from 21.5 to 27.5 % of live weight (LW) and milk yield from 333.8 to 441.9 g/day with inclusion of BPSM in the diet. FCR was 1.40, 1.30, 1.28 and 1.29 for 0, 10, 20 and 30% BPSM diets respectively. Milk composition was also significantly (P<0.05) influenced by level of baobab meal in the diet. Total solids in milk increased from 12.23 to 14.10 %; protein from 3.50 to 4.08 %; and fat from 3.38 to 4.45 % with BPSM in the diet. Addition of BPSM to the diet enhanced feed intake and milk production in Red Sokoto goats raised in the derived savanna of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to compare the fatty acid profile and flavor of lamb meats originating from grazing (A) and concentrate (C) diets. Twenty four lambs of Rumbi breed were used. One hundred and five days after rearing and slaughter process, left side samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) were taken from carcasses to be treated and analyzed. The fatty acids of lamb meat A and C were characterized respectively by 1.39 vs 0.41% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n-3) (p<0.001) and 3.59vs4.64% PUFA n-6 (p<0.05), 40.51vs46.95% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 54.45vs48.00% of saturated fatty acids (SFA). The n-6/n-3 and LA/ALA ratios were decreased significantly in meat from grazing than concentrate 3.20 vs 14.31 and 2.79 vs 12.08 respectively. The PUFA have a high propensity to oxidize, which in turn may affect lipid stability. The malondialdehyde (MDA) showed higher concentrations (31.11vs26.06 nmol.g -1 ) at all times of the oxidation kinetics in meat (A) than (C). Considering the consumers’ interest in organic food products, a special attention for better meat storage is necessary to reach good health benefits.
本研究的目的是比较放牧(A)和浓缩(C)日粮中羊肉的脂肪酸分布和风味。选用伦比羊羔羊24只。饲养和屠宰过程结束后105天，从胴体中提取左侧背最长肌样本进行处理和分析。羊肉A和羊肉C的脂肪酸特征分别为多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA n-3)的1.39 vs 0.41% (p<0.001)， PUFA n-6的3.59vs4.64% (p<0.05)，单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的40.51vs46.95%，饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的54.45vs48.00%。放牧肉的n-6/n-3和LA/ALA比值显著低于精料，分别为3.20比14.31和2.79比12.08。PUFA有很高的氧化倾向，这反过来可能影响脂质稳定性。丙二醛(MDA)浓度较高，分别为31.11 nmol和26.06 nmol。考虑到消费者对有机食品的兴趣，为了获得良好的健康益处，有必要特别注意更好的肉类储存。
{"title":"Fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of lamb meat reared in arid area indoors and grazing outdoors in south west of Algeria","authors":"Mohamed Elaffifi, K. Bouderoua, J. Mourot","doi":"10.14196/sjas.v5i1.2086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjas.v5i1.2086","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to compare the fatty acid profile and flavor of lamb meats originating from grazing (A) and concentrate (C) diets. Twenty four lambs of Rumbi breed were used. One hundred and five days after rearing and slaughter process, left side samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) were taken from carcasses to be treated and analyzed. The fatty acids of lamb meat A and C were characterized respectively by 1.39 vs 0.41% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n-3) (p<0.001) and 3.59vs4.64% PUFA n-6 (p<0.05), 40.51vs46.95% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 54.45vs48.00% of saturated fatty acids (SFA). The n-6/n-3 and LA/ALA ratios were decreased significantly in meat from grazing than concentrate 3.20 vs 14.31 and 2.79 vs 12.08 respectively. The PUFA have a high propensity to oxidize, which in turn may affect lipid stability. The malondialdehyde (MDA) showed higher concentrations (31.11vs26.06 nmol.g -1 ) at all times of the oxidation kinetics in meat (A) than (C). Considering the consumers’ interest in organic food products, a special attention for better meat storage is necessary to reach good health benefits.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129462660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ahmadi, Hajar Porrahim, Hajar Moghadasi, Naeimeh Najafi, A. Rakhshan
Uterine leiomyomas or fibroids are benign smooth muscle tumors of myometrial origin; frequently found in reproductive age women. Uterine leiomyomas commonly cause significant symptoms such as anemia resulting from heavy irregular uterine bleeding, Pelvic discomfort, and bowel/bladder dysfunction from pressure. Fibroids have also been associated with infertility and recurrent abortion. Somatic mutations in MED12 exon 2 have recently been reported in uterine leiomyomas. The aim of our study was to see whether MED12 exon 2 mutations occur in uterine leiomyomas of women patients of Tehran Province of Iran. Mutations in exon 2 of the MED12 gene have been reported in 50% to 70% of uterine leiomyomas. To determine the frequency of MED12 mutations in various types of smooth muscle tumors as well as normal uterine myometrium adjacent to a leiomyoma, we selected a total of 23 cases for analysis of MED12 exon 2 mutations by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. We found that 65℅ of classical uterine leiomyomas harbored mutations in exon 2 of the MED12 gene. Twelve of these mutations were located in codon 44 (c.130-132). In addition, one fibroids 0/43% displayed a missense mutation in codon 36 (c.107).We also observed two (0/86) exonic deletion type.
{"title":"MED12 exon 2 mutations in uterine leiomyoma’s in women patients of Tehran Province of Iran","authors":"A. Ahmadi, Hajar Porrahim, Hajar Moghadasi, Naeimeh Najafi, A. Rakhshan","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V5I1.2043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V5I1.2043","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine leiomyomas or fibroids are benign smooth muscle tumors of myometrial origin; frequently found in reproductive age women. Uterine leiomyomas commonly cause significant symptoms such as anemia resulting from heavy irregular uterine bleeding, Pelvic discomfort, and bowel/bladder dysfunction from pressure. Fibroids have also been associated with infertility and recurrent abortion. Somatic mutations in MED12 exon 2 have recently been reported in uterine leiomyomas. The aim of our study was to see whether MED12 exon 2 mutations occur in uterine leiomyomas of women patients of Tehran Province of Iran. Mutations in exon 2 of the MED12 gene have been reported in 50% to 70% of uterine leiomyomas. To determine the frequency of MED12 mutations in various types of smooth muscle tumors as well as normal uterine myometrium adjacent to a leiomyoma, we selected a total of 23 cases for analysis of MED12 exon 2 mutations by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. We found that 65℅ of classical uterine leiomyomas harbored mutations in exon 2 of the MED12 gene. Twelve of these mutations were located in codon 44 (c.130-132). In addition, one fibroids 0/43% displayed a missense mutation in codon 36 (c.107).We also observed two (0/86) exonic deletion type.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129328890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gebreslassie Gebru, Shumuye Belay, M. Kebede, A. Estifanos, N. Hagazi, T. Hagos, Flimon Drar
A study was conducted to evaluate the best supplementary practice of dried A. saligna leaves on growth performance of rams and its economic importance. It was carried out at Atsbi-Wemberta, Wukro Kilte-Awlaelo and Saesie-TsaedaEmba districts of Tigray. In each district, one peasant association (PA) was selected except two PAs in Atsbi-Wemberta. A total of 120 farmers who have their own intact male sheep (two from each) were participated in the on-farm research. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was applied. Farmers consider as a block and rams in each farmer randomly assigned to each treatment. Two treatments were used; farmer's practice (CTL) and farmers practice + 200 g/d dried A. saligna leaves + 200 g/d wheat bran (AS-WB). Average daily live weight gain (ADLWG) of rams fed on AS-WB was 50 %higher than the CTL group. A higher ADLWG (86.8 g/d) of rams were achieved at Abrha-Atsbeha followed by 70.3 g/d at Hayelom, while rams in Mariam-Agamet and Barka-Adi-Sibuh were exhibited a weight gain of 46.1 and 35.5 g/d, respectively. Hence, supplementation of highland rams with dried AS-WB is economically important for smallholder farmers than free grazing.
{"title":"Dried Acacia saligna (Labil) H.L. Wendi. leaves and wheat bran as alternative supplemental feed for sheep fattening in Tigray, northern Ethiopia","authors":"Gebreslassie Gebru, Shumuye Belay, M. Kebede, A. Estifanos, N. Hagazi, T. Hagos, Flimon Drar","doi":"10.14196/sjas.v5i1.2093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjas.v5i1.2093","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate the best supplementary practice of dried A. saligna leaves on growth performance of rams and its economic importance. It was carried out at Atsbi-Wemberta, Wukro Kilte-Awlaelo and Saesie-TsaedaEmba districts of Tigray. In each district, one peasant association (PA) was selected except two PAs in Atsbi-Wemberta. A total of 120 farmers who have their own intact male sheep (two from each) were participated in the on-farm research. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was applied. Farmers consider as a block and rams in each farmer randomly assigned to each treatment. Two treatments were used; farmer's practice (CTL) and farmers practice + 200 g/d dried A. saligna leaves + 200 g/d wheat bran (AS-WB). Average daily live weight gain (ADLWG) of rams fed on AS-WB was 50 %higher than the CTL group. A higher ADLWG (86.8 g/d) of rams were achieved at Abrha-Atsbeha followed by 70.3 g/d at Hayelom, while rams in Mariam-Agamet and Barka-Adi-Sibuh were exhibited a weight gain of 46.1 and 35.5 g/d, respectively. Hence, supplementation of highland rams with dried AS-WB is economically important for smallholder farmers than free grazing.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125996303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schistosomiasis remains endemic in many developing countries due to poor hygiene and access to potable water sources. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in selected children. A total of 100 urine samples were collected randomly from the selected population and screened using the CCA rapid immunochromatographic test strips and microscopy for the ova of the Schistosoma haematobium . It was observed at the end that out of the 100 samples examined, the prevalence was found to be 8(8%) for microscopy and 14(14%) for immunochromatographic test strips. The observation shows similar prevalence of S. haematobium infection in children; with the highest prevalence occurrences in male children. The age group 9-11 years had the highest prevalence rate of 23.8% and 38.1% for microscopy and immunochromatographic test strips respectively and males were more infected than females. Of 48 male subjects examined, 5(10.4%) were positive for microscopy while 10(20.8%) were positive for strips. Of 52 females, 3(5.8%) were positive for microscopy while 4(7.7%) were positive for strips. For 70%, their source of water for domestic purpose was bore hole, 20% was from the well, 4% from river/stream and 6% were from other sources. A total of 10% did swim regularly in nearby water bodies and 6% of the children go fishing.The risk factors associated with S. haematobium in this survey were drinking water from lakes, swimming in lakes or ponds and presence of snails ( Bolinus ) in such lakes. Sanitary control measures should be put in place in the areas so as to prevent people from defecating in the open.
{"title":"Comparative studies of immunochromatographic strips and microscopy in the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in selected children in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"Abdulraheem Hafeezah, E. Elijah","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V5I1.2063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V5I1.2063","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis remains endemic in many developing countries due to poor hygiene and access to potable water sources. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in selected children. A total of 100 urine samples were collected randomly from the selected population and screened using the CCA rapid immunochromatographic test strips and microscopy for the ova of the Schistosoma haematobium . It was observed at the end that out of the 100 samples examined, the prevalence was found to be 8(8%) for microscopy and 14(14%) for immunochromatographic test strips. The observation shows similar prevalence of S. haematobium infection in children; with the highest prevalence occurrences in male children. The age group 9-11 years had the highest prevalence rate of 23.8% and 38.1% for microscopy and immunochromatographic test strips respectively and males were more infected than females. Of 48 male subjects examined, 5(10.4%) were positive for microscopy while 10(20.8%) were positive for strips. Of 52 females, 3(5.8%) were positive for microscopy while 4(7.7%) were positive for strips. For 70%, their source of water for domestic purpose was bore hole, 20% was from the well, 4% from river/stream and 6% were from other sources. A total of 10% did swim regularly in nearby water bodies and 6% of the children go fishing.The risk factors associated with S. haematobium in this survey were drinking water from lakes, swimming in lakes or ponds and presence of snails ( Bolinus ) in such lakes. Sanitary control measures should be put in place in the areas so as to prevent people from defecating in the open.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115602197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-28DOI: 10.14196/SJAS.V4I12.1953
A. Midau, A. Mubi, Z. Kwaji
The study was carried out at Teaching and Research farm Adamawa State University Mubi, to evaluate the chemical composition of treated and untreated rice straw using urea. Rice straw as a crop residue is widely available in tropical countries and is used in an attempt to meet the energy requirements of growing ruminants. A major limitation to the use of rice straw is their high fiber content, low nitrogen and energy level. Therefore, treatment of rice straw with urea can lead to significant improvement in nutritional quality and greater utilization. The major objectives of the study was to Improve the nutritional value of rice straw using urea, to Evaluate the chemical composition of treated and untreated rice straw using urea. The dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), and Ash values are 60.62, 84.01, 12.29,1.07, 62.78, 41.48 and 13.40 for the urea treated rice straw and 75.56, 87.11, 3.22, 0.63, 68.18, 40.70 and 12.34% for the untreated rice straw respectively. The treatment of rice straw with urea has significantly at (P<0.05) reduced its dry matter content by 75.56 to 61.02 % and increased the value of crude protein by 3.22% to 12.29%.It is concluded that urea appears to be as efficient as any other source of ammonia in the treatment of straw. Therefore, the findings of this study will be beneficial to farmers as it will provides improved simple method of formulating local animals’ feeds using simple material like rice straw.
{"title":"Evaluation of chemical composition of treated and untreated rice straw using urea","authors":"A. Midau, A. Mubi, Z. Kwaji","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V4I12.1953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V4I12.1953","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out at Teaching and Research farm Adamawa State University Mubi, to evaluate the chemical composition of treated and untreated rice straw using urea. Rice straw as a crop residue is widely available in tropical countries and is used in an attempt to meet the energy requirements of growing ruminants. A major limitation to the use of rice straw is their high fiber content, low nitrogen and energy level. Therefore, treatment of rice straw with urea can lead to significant improvement in nutritional quality and greater utilization. The major objectives of the study was to Improve the nutritional value of rice straw using urea, to Evaluate the chemical composition of treated and untreated rice straw using urea. The dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), and Ash values are 60.62, 84.01, 12.29,1.07, 62.78, 41.48 and 13.40 for the urea treated rice straw and 75.56, 87.11, 3.22, 0.63, 68.18, 40.70 and 12.34% for the untreated rice straw respectively. The treatment of rice straw with urea has significantly at (P<0.05) reduced its dry matter content by 75.56 to 61.02 % and increased the value of crude protein by 3.22% to 12.29%.It is concluded that urea appears to be as efficient as any other source of ammonia in the treatment of straw. Therefore, the findings of this study will be beneficial to farmers as it will provides improved simple method of formulating local animals’ feeds using simple material like rice straw.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115097939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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