N. Muhammad, H. M. Tukur, S. Magandi, Hussaini Abdulqadir, Uchemefuna Ifesinachi, M. Abubakar, Chidinma Uche Ezimuo, M. G. Garba, L. A. Saulawa, A. Yusuf
Two different experiments were conducted using fifteen growing lambs and fifteen fattening rams of Uda breed with average weight of 17and 21.4 kg and age of between 11and 20 months respectively to evaluate supplemented ginger levels on performance of the animals. In each experiment, the animals were randomly assigned to three treatment diets containing graded ginger levels in a completely randomized experimental design replicated five times. Ginger was supplemented at graded levels of 2.5 and 5% for treatments T2 and T3 respectively while treatment T1 (control) had no ginger. Results indicated a significantly lower body weight gain for growing animals (experiment 1) fed diets containing ginger (P<0.05) while feed conversion ratio (FCR) and cost of feed/kg live weight gain was higher. For fattening animals (experiment 2), ginger inclusion above 2.5% had a negative effect on fattening performance (P < 0.05). It was concluded that inclusion of ginger in the diet of growing and fattening Uda sheep could not improve performance.
{"title":"Evaluation of supplemented ginger (Zingiber officinale) levels on the performance of growing and fattening Uda sheep in semi-arid Nigeria","authors":"N. Muhammad, H. M. Tukur, S. Magandi, Hussaini Abdulqadir, Uchemefuna Ifesinachi, M. Abubakar, Chidinma Uche Ezimuo, M. G. Garba, L. A. Saulawa, A. Yusuf","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I4.2165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I4.2165","url":null,"abstract":"Two different experiments were conducted using fifteen growing lambs and fifteen fattening rams of Uda breed with average weight of 17and 21.4 kg and age of between 11and 20 months respectively to evaluate supplemented ginger levels on performance of the animals. In each experiment, the animals were randomly assigned to three treatment diets containing graded ginger levels in a completely randomized experimental design replicated five times. Ginger was supplemented at graded levels of 2.5 and 5% for treatments T2 and T3 respectively while treatment T1 (control) had no ginger. Results indicated a significantly lower body weight gain for growing animals (experiment 1) fed diets containing ginger (P<0.05) while feed conversion ratio (FCR) and cost of feed/kg live weight gain was higher. For fattening animals (experiment 2), ginger inclusion above 2.5% had a negative effect on fattening performance (P < 0.05). It was concluded that inclusion of ginger in the diet of growing and fattening Uda sheep could not improve performance.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128602577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariela González-Rentería, Jesús Dámaso Bustamante‐González, María del Carmen Monroy Dosta
Aquaculture is the fastest worldwide growing activity with respect to food production. However, the emergence of infection diseases is the principal risk factor in this industry. To control them, it has been used diverse veterinary drugs, antibiotics, solutions, colorants, which have toxic effects for associated biota, with ecological level impact, bacterial resistance promoters, and water bodies’ contamination. The present review show some negative aspects of their use and some alternatives for their substitution like: the use of probiotics implementation, terrestrial plants extraction and aquatic microalgae (marine and freshwater) with therapeutic properties, biodegradable and also molecular biotechnology implementation, genomic and proteomic terrestrial for development of resistant strains diseases and make the aquaculture a sustainable activity.
{"title":"Risks of pharmaceutical chemicals used in aquaculture: alternatives and current perspective","authors":"Mariela González-Rentería, Jesús Dámaso Bustamante‐González, María del Carmen Monroy Dosta","doi":"10.14196/sjas.v5i4.2205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjas.v5i4.2205","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture is the fastest worldwide growing activity with respect to food production. However, the emergence of infection diseases is the principal risk factor in this industry. To control them, it has been used diverse veterinary drugs, antibiotics, solutions, colorants, which have toxic effects for associated biota, with ecological level impact, bacterial resistance promoters, and water bodies’ contamination. The present review show some negative aspects of their use and some alternatives for their substitution like: the use of probiotics implementation, terrestrial plants extraction and aquatic microalgae (marine and freshwater) with therapeutic properties, biodegradable and also molecular biotechnology implementation, genomic and proteomic terrestrial for development of resistant strains diseases and make the aquaculture a sustainable activity.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127336863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. González, Martha Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, A. C. García, M. Rentería
In this study it was described and characterized the reproductive behavior of male rainbow trout during reproductive period. Results indicate that reproductive period is in the months of August until February. Semen production variated at population level, 60% of population presented higher production in September 33.59 ± 13.69 mL, 30% in October 28.76 ± 10.22 mL and 10% in November 75.53 mL. Statistical analysis detected significant differences between the months ( P <0.05) and at individual level ( P <0.05). Spermatozoids concentration mL -1 variated at individual and population level. Spermatic concentration in 70% of population decreased as reproductive period progressed. August and September where the months with highest concentrations of spermatozoids mL -1 7.71 ± 2.85, 7.76 ± 1.85 x 10 9 respectively. Statistical analysis detected significate differences between months ( P < 0.05). Seminal pH was alkaline with light variations at individual and population level. Statistical analysis did not detected significant differences between months nor individual months ( P < 0.05). This confirms that there is a variation in seminal quality of the same organism. Which is interesting for selection of best breeders, decrease maintenance costs and also reduce number of males.
{"title":"Reproductive behavior of male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during reproductive period","authors":"J. González, Martha Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, A. C. García, M. Rentería","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I4.2163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I4.2163","url":null,"abstract":"In this study it was described and characterized the reproductive behavior of male rainbow trout during reproductive period. Results indicate that reproductive period is in the months of August until February. Semen production variated at population level, 60% of population presented higher production in September 33.59 ± 13.69 mL, 30% in October 28.76 ± 10.22 mL and 10% in November 75.53 mL. Statistical analysis detected significant differences between the months ( P <0.05) and at individual level ( P <0.05). Spermatozoids concentration mL -1 variated at individual and population level. Spermatic concentration in 70% of population decreased as reproductive period progressed. August and September where the months with highest concentrations of spermatozoids mL -1 7.71 ± 2.85, 7.76 ± 1.85 x 10 9 respectively. Statistical analysis detected significate differences between months ( P < 0.05). Seminal pH was alkaline with light variations at individual and population level. Statistical analysis did not detected significant differences between months nor individual months ( P < 0.05). This confirms that there is a variation in seminal quality of the same organism. Which is interesting for selection of best breeders, decrease maintenance costs and also reduce number of males.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132365289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Muhammad, H. M. Tukur, S. Magandi, Hussaini Abdulqadir, Uchemefuna Ifesinachi, M. Abubakar, Chidinma Uche Ezimuo, M. G. Garba, L. A. Saulawa, A. Yusuf
Two separate experiments were conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Livestock Teaching and Research Farm to assess intake and digestibility of nutrients for growing and fattening Uda sheep fed graded level of ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) in semi-arid region of Nigeria. In each experiment, fifteen intact male animals with an average weight of 17 and 21.4 kg respectively, were allocated to three treatment diets in a completely randomized Experimental Design (CRD) replicated five times. Experimental diets containing 0 (control), 2.5 g/kg (treatment 2) and 5.0 g/kg (treatment 3) were formulated separately for each experiment. Each experiment lasted for 90 days feeding trial and three weeks digestibility trial. Results indicated that, for growing animals (experiment 1), ginger inclusion has an overall negative effect on nutrients intake and digestibility (P<0.05). However, for fattening animals (experiment 2), intake and digestibility were affected (P<0.05) when ginger inclusion exceeds 2.5%. It was concluded that ginger inclusion had a negative effect on intake and digestibility of growing animals and on fattening animals above 2.5%.
{"title":"Nutrients intake and digestibility of growing and fattening Uda sheep fed graded levels of ginger in semi-arid Nigeria","authors":"N. Muhammad, H. M. Tukur, S. Magandi, Hussaini Abdulqadir, Uchemefuna Ifesinachi, M. Abubakar, Chidinma Uche Ezimuo, M. G. Garba, L. A. Saulawa, A. Yusuf","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I4.2168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I4.2168","url":null,"abstract":"Two separate experiments were conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Livestock Teaching and Research Farm to assess intake and digestibility of nutrients for growing and fattening Uda sheep fed graded level of ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) in semi-arid region of Nigeria. In each experiment, fifteen intact male animals with an average weight of 17 and 21.4 kg respectively, were allocated to three treatment diets in a completely randomized Experimental Design (CRD) replicated five times. Experimental diets containing 0 (control), 2.5 g/kg (treatment 2) and 5.0 g/kg (treatment 3) were formulated separately for each experiment. Each experiment lasted for 90 days feeding trial and three weeks digestibility trial. Results indicated that, for growing animals (experiment 1), ginger inclusion has an overall negative effect on nutrients intake and digestibility (P<0.05). However, for fattening animals (experiment 2), intake and digestibility were affected (P<0.05) when ginger inclusion exceeds 2.5%. It was concluded that ginger inclusion had a negative effect on intake and digestibility of growing animals and on fattening animals above 2.5%.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124056576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding fixed level of treated Acacia saligna leaves (ASL) on feed intake, live body weight change and carcass characteristics of Abergelle goats. The experiment was executed in Aberegelle Agricultural Research Centre goat farm in the northern Ethiopia. Four treatments namely grass hay (GH) as a control, air dried acacia saligna leaves (ADASL), water soaked acacia saligna leaves (WSASL) and wood ash soaked acacia saligna leaves (WASASL) each included at 300 g head -1 day -1 were used as supplement. Feed intake was measured daily and live weight gain recorded weekly. Measurements were also taken on empty body weight (EBW), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percent (DP) and rib eye muscle area (REMA). Higher total crude protein intake was observed in the supplemented goats as compared to non-supplemented. As a result, better body weight gain was observed in the supplemented goats as compare to non-supplemented goats. Similarly, better HCW was obtained in the supplemented goats than non- supplemented in general and in particular goats fed on air dried and water soaked leaves showed significantly higher HCW than the control. So that it could be included that, it is important to feed acacia saligna leaves as an alternative feed particularly at the time of feed scarcity. However, dressing percent on slaughter weight base (SWB), EBW base and REMA were not showed any significant different (P>0.05) among the treatments. Generally, goats supplemented with air dried leaves showed higher body weight gain and carcass value compared with the other treatments.
本试验旨在评价饲喂固定水平的处理过的金合欢叶(ASL)对阿贝尔格山羊采食量、活重变化及胴体性状的影响。该实验是在埃塞俄比亚北部的Aberegelle农业研究中心的山羊农场进行的。以草干草(GH)为对照、风干金合欢叶(ADASL)、水浸金合欢叶(WSASL)和木灰浸金合欢叶(WASASL) 4个处理为补充，每处理300 g头-1 d -1。每日测定采食量，每周记录活增重。测定空体重(EBW)、热胴体重(HCW)、屠宰率(DP)和肋眼肌面积(REMA)。饲粮添加组的山羊粗蛋白质总摄入量高于未添加组。因此，与未添加的山羊相比，添加山羊的体重增加更好。同样，添加叶片的山羊的HCW也比未添加叶片的山羊好，特别是以风干和水浸泡叶片为食的山羊的HCW显著高于对照。因此，它可以包括，重要的是喂养金合欢叶作为一种替代饲料特别是在饲料短缺的时候。而屠宰重基础(SWB)、胴体重基础(EBW)和REMA的屠宰率各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。总的来说，添加风干叶的山羊增重和胴体价值高于其他处理。
{"title":"Effect of supplementing fixed level of treated Acacia saligna (Labill) H.L.Wendi. leaves on weight change and carcass characteristics of Abergelle goats","authors":"Shumuye Belay, Y. Tesfay","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I3.2142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I3.2142","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding fixed level of treated Acacia saligna leaves (ASL) on feed intake, live body weight change and carcass characteristics of Abergelle goats. The experiment was executed in Aberegelle Agricultural Research Centre goat farm in the northern Ethiopia. Four treatments namely grass hay (GH) as a control, air dried acacia saligna leaves (ADASL), water soaked acacia saligna leaves (WSASL) and wood ash soaked acacia saligna leaves (WASASL) each included at 300 g head -1 day -1 were used as supplement. Feed intake was measured daily and live weight gain recorded weekly. Measurements were also taken on empty body weight (EBW), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percent (DP) and rib eye muscle area (REMA). Higher total crude protein intake was observed in the supplemented goats as compared to non-supplemented. As a result, better body weight gain was observed in the supplemented goats as compare to non-supplemented goats. Similarly, better HCW was obtained in the supplemented goats than non- supplemented in general and in particular goats fed on air dried and water soaked leaves showed significantly higher HCW than the control. So that it could be included that, it is important to feed acacia saligna leaves as an alternative feed particularly at the time of feed scarcity. However, dressing percent on slaughter weight base (SWB), EBW base and REMA were not showed any significant different (P>0.05) among the treatments. Generally, goats supplemented with air dried leaves showed higher body weight gain and carcass value compared with the other treatments.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116865741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rezaeipour, T. Ghoorchi, S. Hasani, G. Ghorbani
This study was conducted at north part of Iran (Golestan province), to investigate the effects of canola meal on growth performance, carcass quality and thyroid hormones in lambs. Twenty four male Atabay lambs were in a completely randomize design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Gaded levels of canola meal (0, 33, 66 and 100 percent) were used instead of cottonseed meal. Lambs were weighed, and feed consumption was recorded for feed efficiency ratio computation in every month and whole of the experimental period. Finally carcass analysis was carried out for every treatment. The canola meal used in this experiment contained 14.75 µmole/g DM aromatic glucosinolates. The results obtained showed that the effects of different levels of canola meal on daily gain during the whole experimental period was not significant (p>0.01), significant difference (p 0.01). Carcass characteristics, except for liver weight, were not statistically different (p>0.01). Effect of different levels of canola meal on thyroid hormones secretion was not statistically significant (P>0.01). Therefore, it is recommended that canola meal can be used in the diets of Atabay finishing lamb without any problem.
{"title":"Effects of canola meal diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and thyroid hormones in Atabay finishing lambs","authors":"V. Rezaeipour, T. Ghoorchi, S. Hasani, G. Ghorbani","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I3.1810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I3.1810","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted at north part of Iran (Golestan province), to investigate the effects of canola meal on growth performance, carcass quality and thyroid hormones in lambs. Twenty four male Atabay lambs were in a completely randomize design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Gaded levels of canola meal (0, 33, 66 and 100 percent) were used instead of cottonseed meal. Lambs were weighed, and feed consumption was recorded for feed efficiency ratio computation in every month and whole of the experimental period. Finally carcass analysis was carried out for every treatment. The canola meal used in this experiment contained 14.75 µmole/g DM aromatic glucosinolates. The results obtained showed that the effects of different levels of canola meal on daily gain during the whole experimental period was not significant (p>0.01), significant difference (p 0.01). Carcass characteristics, except for liver weight, were not statistically different (p>0.01). Effect of different levels of canola meal on thyroid hormones secretion was not statistically significant (P>0.01). Therefore, it is recommended that canola meal can be used in the diets of Atabay finishing lamb without any problem.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124562645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historically the operational stages of artificial insemination of animals. The influence of some viral and bacterial infections on the reproductive systems in male animals has led to barreness.
历史上动物人工授精的操作阶段。一些病毒和细菌感染对雄性动物生殖系统的影响导致了不育。
{"title":"Impact of bacterial and viral infections for barrennes of productive animals","authors":"M. Aidos","doi":"10.14196/SJBS.V5I3.2151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJBS.V5I3.2151","url":null,"abstract":"Historically the operational stages of artificial insemination of animals. The influence of some viral and bacterial infections on the reproductive systems in male animals has led to barreness.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125227268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dafne Itzel Orozco Rojas, M. C. Monroy-Dosta, J. C. Mejía, A. Partida, A. Torrez
Intestinal microbiota is an essential component for any organism life, because it directly affects nutrient assimilation, growth and health processes. However, in many animals and in case of fish is unknown how Intestinal microbiota is formed, which species are dominant and which one has capacity probiotic for use in aquaculture. The goal of this study was to establish the bacterial load that dominates the back intestine of Carassius auratus. A batch of 200 healthyjuvenilefishes were obtained from an ornamental fish farm in Mexico City. The fish were maintained in two culture beakers of 100 L during 15 day to acclimatization to ensure any sign of injury disease. To extract the back of gastrointestinal tract, which was rinse several times with distilled water for food and feces residues elimination. The sample was inoculated in 9 mL of sterile saline solution and from this, three dilutions in a 1:10 relation were made, inoculating 0.1 mL from each dilution in agar plates MRS, BHI and TCBS, and were incubated at 27oC for 24 hours. Subsequently a colony forming units (CFU mL-1) count was made, with the help of a Quebec counter type. Colonies were purified through successive inoculations. The molecular identification was made out by sequencing the gene RNAr 16S using Wizard Genomic. Molecular identification showed that the back region of the intestinal tract of C. auratus was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes represented by the genus Bacillus , Vibrio , Vagococcus , Brevibacillus , Aeromonas , Pseudomonas , Shewanella , Enterococcus , Paenibacillus and Morganella. In relation to bacterial abundance by specie it was established that Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri were the most abundant reaching CFU mL -1 counts of 210 and 167 respectively, followed by Paenibacillus lactis with 103 CFU mL -1 and Bacillus cereus with 100 CFU mL -1 while Enterococcus eurekensis was the least abundant with an average value of 6 CFU mL -1 .
肠道微生物群是任何生物体生命的重要组成部分，因为它直接影响营养吸收、生长和健康过程。然而，在许多动物和鱼类中，肠道微生物群是如何形成的尚不清楚，哪些物种占主导地位，哪些物种有能力在水产养殖中使用益生菌。本研究的目的是确定在鲫鱼后肠中占主导地位的细菌负荷。从墨西哥城的一个观赏鱼养殖场获得了一批200条健康幼鱼。鱼在两个100 L的培养杯中保持15天，以适应环境，以确保任何损伤疾病的迹象。提取胃肠道后部，用蒸馏水冲洗几次，清除食物和粪便残留物。将样品接种于9 mL无菌生理盐水溶液中，按1:10的比例进行三次稀释，每次稀释0.1 mL，分别接种于MRS、BHI和TCBS琼脂板中，在27℃下孵育24小时。随后，在魁北克计数器的帮助下进行了殖民地形成单位(CFU mL-1)计数。菌落通过连续接种得到纯化。利用Wizard Genomic对RNAr 16S基因进行测序，确定了该基因的分子鉴定。分子鉴定表明，金弧菌肠道后区以变形菌门和厚壁菌门为主，分别为芽孢杆菌属、弧菌属、迷走球菌属、短芽孢杆菌属、气单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、雪瓦氏菌属、肠球菌属、Paenibacillus和摩根氏菌属。细菌的丰度以芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌最多，分别为210和167个CFU mL -1，其次是乳芽孢杆菌103个CFU mL -1，蜡样芽孢杆菌100个CFU mL -1，而真菌性肠球菌最少，平均为6个CFU mL -1。
{"title":"Intestinal microbiota of ornamental fish Carassius auratus","authors":"Dafne Itzel Orozco Rojas, M. C. Monroy-Dosta, J. C. Mejía, A. Partida, A. Torrez","doi":"10.14196/sjas.v5i2.2107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/sjas.v5i2.2107","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal microbiota is an essential component for any organism life, because it directly affects nutrient assimilation, growth and health processes. However, in many animals and in case of fish is unknown how Intestinal microbiota is formed, which species are dominant and which one has capacity probiotic for use in aquaculture. The goal of this study was to establish the bacterial load that dominates the back intestine of Carassius auratus. A batch of 200 healthyjuvenilefishes were obtained from an ornamental fish farm in Mexico City. The fish were maintained in two culture beakers of 100 L during 15 day to acclimatization to ensure any sign of injury disease. To extract the back of gastrointestinal tract, which was rinse several times with distilled water for food and feces residues elimination. The sample was inoculated in 9 mL of sterile saline solution and from this, three dilutions in a 1:10 relation were made, inoculating 0.1 mL from each dilution in agar plates MRS, BHI and TCBS, and were incubated at 27oC for 24 hours. Subsequently a colony forming units (CFU mL-1) count was made, with the help of a Quebec counter type. Colonies were purified through successive inoculations. The molecular identification was made out by sequencing the gene RNAr 16S using Wizard Genomic. Molecular identification showed that the back region of the intestinal tract of C. auratus was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes represented by the genus Bacillus , Vibrio , Vagococcus , Brevibacillus , Aeromonas , Pseudomonas , Shewanella , Enterococcus , Paenibacillus and Morganella. In relation to bacterial abundance by specie it was established that Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri were the most abundant reaching CFU mL -1 counts of 210 and 167 respectively, followed by Paenibacillus lactis with 103 CFU mL -1 and Bacillus cereus with 100 CFU mL -1 while Enterococcus eurekensis was the least abundant with an average value of 6 CFU mL -1 .","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120886550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Tamayo-Sosa, Víctor Manuel del Villar-Perez, L. Manríquez, L. Tinoco-Gracia, J. A. Olivas-Valdez, T. Melgarejo-García
Mastitis is one of the most important infectious diseases in dairy cows around the world that causes great economic loses. To prevent and treat mastitis is important to understand the immunology of the mammary gland. Mammalian β -defensins are peptides of the local innate host defense with a potential as therapeutic agents. With the aim to better understand the role of these local antimicrobial peptides in the prevention of bovine mastitis, in the present study the mRNA expression of the lingual antimicrobial peptide ( LAP )was determinedin 5 localizations of the bovine mammary gland with mastitis applying a quantitative real time PCR. The results showed that LAP was mainly expressed in the cisternal tissue with an average of 1.36 7 x 10 copies of mRNA, followed by 9.7 x 10 6 copies in parenchyma, and the lowest expression was obtained streak canal. Therefore, LAP could be involved in the local defense of the mammary gland since is overexpressed in these regions where S. aureus mainly invades and multiplies.
{"title":"Expression of the lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) in the bovine mammary gland with Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"A. R. Tamayo-Sosa, Víctor Manuel del Villar-Perez, L. Manríquez, L. Tinoco-Gracia, J. A. Olivas-Valdez, T. Melgarejo-García","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I2.2100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I2.2100","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis is one of the most important infectious diseases in dairy cows around the world that causes great economic loses. To prevent and treat mastitis is important to understand the immunology of the mammary gland. Mammalian β -defensins are peptides of the local innate host defense with a potential as therapeutic agents. With the aim to better understand the role of these local antimicrobial peptides in the prevention of bovine mastitis, in the present study the mRNA expression of the lingual antimicrobial peptide ( LAP )was determinedin 5 localizations of the bovine mammary gland with mastitis applying a quantitative real time PCR. The results showed that LAP was mainly expressed in the cisternal tissue with an average of 1.36 7 x 10 copies of mRNA, followed by 9.7 x 10 6 copies in parenchyma, and the lowest expression was obtained streak canal. Therefore, LAP could be involved in the local defense of the mammary gland since is overexpressed in these regions where S. aureus mainly invades and multiplies.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124170316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and anti-nutritional content of Acacia saligna seeds subjected to soaking and roasting. Each seed processing method was compared with raw seed. There was a significant ( P 0.05) difference among CP, EE, CF, NFE and ash content. Raw seeds were composed of 28.2 % CP, 15.5 % EE, 14.4 % CF, 36.8 % NFE and 5.10% ash; 28.4 % CP, 14.5 % EE, 13.3 % CF, 38.5 % NFE and 5.24% ash, and 28.3 % CP, 15.1 % EE, 15.3 % CF, 35.8 % NFE and 5.58% ash for soaked and roasted seeds, respectively. The average tannin and phytate contents were 0.525, 0.498 and 0.322 mg/g and 0.828, 0.816 and 0.132 mg/g for raw, soaked and roasted seeds, respectively. Highest reduction of tannin (38.7%) and phytate (84.1%) was observed in roasted seeds as compared to raw and soaked seeds. A.saligna seeds have a potential chemical composition (crude protein and energy) but have some anti-nutritional factors like tannin and phytate. Hence, seeds can be incorporated in animal feeding with proper processing methods.
{"title":"Effect of seed processing on chemical composition and anti-nutritional contents of Acacia saligna seed","authors":"M. Kebede, A. Tadesse, Nigusse Hagazi","doi":"10.14196/SJAS.V5I2.2114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJAS.V5I2.2114","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and anti-nutritional content of Acacia saligna seeds subjected to soaking and roasting. Each seed processing method was compared with raw seed. There was a significant ( P 0.05) difference among CP, EE, CF, NFE and ash content. Raw seeds were composed of 28.2 % CP, 15.5 % EE, 14.4 % CF, 36.8 % NFE and 5.10% ash; 28.4 % CP, 14.5 % EE, 13.3 % CF, 38.5 % NFE and 5.24% ash, and 28.3 % CP, 15.1 % EE, 15.3 % CF, 35.8 % NFE and 5.58% ash for soaked and roasted seeds, respectively. The average tannin and phytate contents were 0.525, 0.498 and 0.322 mg/g and 0.828, 0.816 and 0.132 mg/g for raw, soaked and roasted seeds, respectively. Highest reduction of tannin (38.7%) and phytate (84.1%) was observed in roasted seeds as compared to raw and soaked seeds. A.saligna seeds have a potential chemical composition (crude protein and energy) but have some anti-nutritional factors like tannin and phytate. Hence, seeds can be incorporated in animal feeding with proper processing methods.","PeriodicalId":210831,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Animal Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114788872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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