Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.292245.1722
A. Yegdaneh, L. Safaeian, Mahnaz Halvaei-Varnousfaderani, Saeed Bazvand
Background and objectives: Recent data propose the beneficial antihyperlipidemic effects of several marine brown alga belonging to the genus Sargassum. In the current study, the effects of ethanol fraction of Sargassum angustifolium were assessed on dexamethasone-induced dyslipidemia in rats. Methods: The fraction was prepared by maceration method and then using a reverse phase column chromatography. It was evaluated for total phenolic and salt contents. Seven groups of six male rats were used as the following: group 1 (normal control) received vehicle for 1 week; group 2 (Sargassum control) was treated only with 80 mg/kg S. angustifolium for one week; group 3 (dyslipidemic control) received dexamethasone (10 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) for one week; groups 4-6 (test groups) received dexamethasone and were simultaneously treated orally with 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg S. angustifolium and group 7 (reference) received dexamethasone and atorvastatin (40 mg/kg, orally) for one week. At the end of experiment, fasting blood glucose, lipid markers and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated in serum specimens. Livers were weighed and processed for histopathological inspection. Results: The content of total phenolics was 87.21 ± 2.4 mg/g as gallic acid equivalent and salt as NaCl was 6.5 g/100 g. Treatment with S. angustifolium significantly decreased serum blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein-cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels and also alleviated steatotic changes in liver tissues compared to the dexamethasone-induced dyslipidemic control group. Conclusion: Findings of the current study revealed anti-hyperglycemic, hypolipidemic and anti-lipid proxidative properties of S. angustifolium ethanol fraction in an animal model of dyslipidemia.
{"title":"Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Ethanol Fraction of Sargassum angustifolium in Dexamethasone-Induced Dyslipidemic Rats","authors":"A. Yegdaneh, L. Safaeian, Mahnaz Halvaei-Varnousfaderani, Saeed Bazvand","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.292245.1722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.292245.1722","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Recent data propose the beneficial antihyperlipidemic effects of several marine brown alga belonging to the genus Sargassum. In the current study, the effects of ethanol fraction of Sargassum angustifolium were assessed on dexamethasone-induced dyslipidemia in rats. Methods: The fraction was prepared by maceration method and then using a reverse phase column chromatography. It was evaluated for total phenolic and salt contents. Seven groups of six male rats were used as the following: group 1 (normal control) received vehicle for 1 week; group 2 (Sargassum control) was treated only with 80 mg/kg S. angustifolium for one week; group 3 (dyslipidemic control) received dexamethasone (10 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) for one week; groups 4-6 (test groups) received dexamethasone and were simultaneously treated orally with 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg S. angustifolium and group 7 (reference) received dexamethasone and atorvastatin (40 mg/kg, orally) for one week. At the end of experiment, fasting blood glucose, lipid markers and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated in serum specimens. Livers were weighed and processed for histopathological inspection. Results: The content of total phenolics was 87.21 ± 2.4 mg/g as gallic acid equivalent and salt as NaCl was 6.5 g/100 g. Treatment with S. angustifolium significantly decreased serum blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein-cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels and also alleviated steatotic changes in liver tissues compared to the dexamethasone-induced dyslipidemic control group. Conclusion: Findings of the current study revealed anti-hyperglycemic, hypolipidemic and anti-lipid proxidative properties of S. angustifolium ethanol fraction in an animal model of dyslipidemia.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41740092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-10DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.283377.1695
Najmeh Parvaz, Fatemeh Amin, N. Askari, Morteza Khademalhosseini, S. K. Falahatipour, S. Falahati-pour
Background and objectives: Pistacia vera is known as a source of unique materials with therapeutic function such as antioxidant and nephron-protective activities. This study aimed to identify the biochemical and histopathological effects of Pistacia vera pericarp aqueous extract on the kidney in phenylhydrazine-induced anemia model in rats. Methods: Extraction of the P. vera pericarp was carried out by maceration technique. For animal study, the rats were studied in six groups and were exposed to phenylhydrazine for two days in the absence or presence of the extract. Renal changes were measured using biochemical and histopathological assays. The urine samples were collected in metabolic cages for total urine volume, creatinine, and 24-hour proteinuria measurement with the protein/creatinine ratio. Serum catalase, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase as oxidative stress markers were examined using ELISA test. Results: Phenylhydrazine induced kidney injuries evidenced by significant changes of urine, serum urea, creatinine levels, sodium, and potassium ions in comparison to the control group; however, the extract treatment significantly decreased kidney injuries. Administration of 80 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced the creatinine and proteinuria in treated animals (p<0.05) but 160 mg/kg of extract helped the anemic animals to reduce protein and creatinine to normal levels. Conclusion: Twenty-four hours protein and creatinine can be used as markers of renal injuries in anemia and their regular measurement can be useful to find the risk of renal problems in anemia. These results revealed that P. vera pericarp administration may decrease renal injuries and dysfunction by reducing inflammation in the kidney.
{"title":"The Protective Effect of Pistacia vera Pericarp on Kidney Function in Rats with Hemolytic Anemia","authors":"Najmeh Parvaz, Fatemeh Amin, N. Askari, Morteza Khademalhosseini, S. K. Falahatipour, S. Falahati-pour","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.283377.1695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.283377.1695","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Pistacia vera is known as a source of unique materials with therapeutic function such as antioxidant and nephron-protective activities. This study aimed to identify the biochemical and histopathological effects of Pistacia vera pericarp aqueous extract on the kidney in phenylhydrazine-induced anemia model in rats. Methods: Extraction of the P. vera pericarp was carried out by maceration technique. For animal study, the rats were studied in six groups and were exposed to phenylhydrazine for two days in the absence or presence of the extract. Renal changes were measured using biochemical and histopathological assays. The urine samples were collected in metabolic cages for total urine volume, creatinine, and 24-hour proteinuria measurement with the protein/creatinine ratio. Serum catalase, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase as oxidative stress markers were examined using ELISA test. Results: Phenylhydrazine induced kidney injuries evidenced by significant changes of urine, serum urea, creatinine levels, sodium, and potassium ions in comparison to the control group; however, the extract treatment significantly decreased kidney injuries. Administration of 80 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced the creatinine and proteinuria in treated animals (p<0.05) but 160 mg/kg of extract helped the anemic animals to reduce protein and creatinine to normal levels. Conclusion: Twenty-four hours protein and creatinine can be used as markers of renal injuries in anemia and their regular measurement can be useful to find the risk of renal problems in anemia. These results revealed that P. vera pericarp administration may decrease renal injuries and dysfunction by reducing inflammation in the kidney.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42741962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.295529.1746
Ardalan Pasdaran, N. Azarpira, Nastaran Yaghoobi Solut, M. Zare, Azar Hamedi, Nazila Karami, A. Hamedi
Background and objectives: There is growing interest in introducing safe and bioactive natural red pigments to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This study was designed to determine the phytochemical content and potential cytotoxicity of red pigment from Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels (syn. Melaleuca citrina (Curtis) Dum.Cours.) flowers. Methods: The flowers’ anthocyanin rich pigment was extracted with ethanol (70%, v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid. This extract was fractionated by a three-step process through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge with water, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The anthocyanin and coumarin content of the red pigment was identified based on a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS). The MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of red pigment evaluated on normal human foreskin fibroblasts as well as two malignant cell lines: human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results: The anthocyanin compounds in the red pigment fraction were cyanidin (1), cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (2), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3), and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-8-ethyl-catechin (4). Flowers’ pigment also contained two furanocoumarins, including 8-(but-2-en-2-yl)-8,9-dihydro-2H-furo[2,3-h] chromen-2-one (or 15-methyl angenomallin, (5)) and 9-methyl-7H-furo[3,2-g] chromen-7-one (or 8-methylpsoralen, (6)). According to the MTT assays, the highest cytotoxic effect was observed on human foreskin fibroblasts with an IC50 values of <12.5 (µg/ mL, 24 h) and 85.2 (µg/ mL, 48 h). Conclusion: It might be assumed that application of the red pigment of C. citrinus in topical formulations and cosmetics should be done with caution due to the observed cytotoxicity on dermal fibroblasts.
{"title":"Cytotoxic Properties, Anthocyanin and Furanocoumarin Content of Red-Pigments Obtained from Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels Flowers","authors":"Ardalan Pasdaran, N. Azarpira, Nastaran Yaghoobi Solut, M. Zare, Azar Hamedi, Nazila Karami, A. Hamedi","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.295529.1746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.295529.1746","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: There is growing interest in introducing safe and bioactive natural red pigments to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This study was designed to determine the phytochemical content and potential cytotoxicity of red pigment from Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels (syn. Melaleuca citrina (Curtis) Dum.Cours.) flowers. Methods: The flowers’ anthocyanin rich pigment was extracted with ethanol (70%, v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid. This extract was fractionated by a three-step process through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge with water, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The anthocyanin and coumarin content of the red pigment was identified based on a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS). The MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of red pigment evaluated on normal human foreskin fibroblasts as well as two malignant cell lines: human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results: The anthocyanin compounds in the red pigment fraction were cyanidin (1), cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (2), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3), and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-8-ethyl-catechin (4). Flowers’ pigment also contained two furanocoumarins, including 8-(but-2-en-2-yl)-8,9-dihydro-2H-furo[2,3-h] chromen-2-one (or 15-methyl angenomallin, (5)) and 9-methyl-7H-furo[3,2-g] chromen-7-one (or 8-methylpsoralen, (6)). According to the MTT assays, the highest cytotoxic effect was observed on human foreskin fibroblasts with an IC50 values of <12.5 (µg/ mL, 24 h) and 85.2 (µg/ mL, 48 h). Conclusion: It might be assumed that application of the red pigment of C. citrinus in topical formulations and cosmetics should be done with caution due to the observed cytotoxicity on dermal fibroblasts.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42871918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.272832.1678
F. Afshar, A. Delazar, Yahya Rahimpour, Niloufar Moharrer Navaei, S. Asnaashari, P. Asgharian
Background and objectives: The genus Nepeta is used in traditional medicine for the antiseptic and astringent properties in cutaneous eruptions and snake bites. Nepeta racemosa was investigated here due to the rich source of phytochemical compounds in the Nepeta genus and the lack of any phytochemical studies. Methods: The aerial parts were extracted successively using n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol (MeOH) by maceration method, respectively. The MeOH extract was exposed to C18 Sep-Pak fractionation by a step gradient of MeOH-H2O. Further purification of the fractions by preparative reversed-phase HPLC yielded three compounds. The chemical ingredients of essential oil were determined by GC-MS. Free-radical scavenging activity of the extracts, fractions, as well as their total flavonoid and phenolics contents, were assessed using the DPPH method, AlCl3, and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents, respectively. Results: Phytochemical study of 20% and 40% solid phase extraction fractions of MeOH extract yielded one iridoid (8,9-epi-7-deoxy-loganic acid) and two phenylethanoids (forsythoside B and verbascoside), correspondingly. The 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone (31.70 %), germacrene D (7.39 %), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.47 %), were the main compounds of essentials oil. The MeOH extract demonstrated high activity in terms of antioxidant activity, total phenolics content along with total flavonoids content (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/mL, 1581.80 ± 10.28 mg/100g and 33.01 ± 0.02 mg/100g) as well as 40% SPE fraction (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/mL, 659.20 ± 40.32 mg/100g and 22.5 ± 0.37 mg/100g), respectively. Conclusion: The presence of phenylethanoid derivatives as phenolic compounds appears to be an important antioxidant compound in Nepeta racemosa.
{"title":"Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Nepeta racemosa Lam.","authors":"F. Afshar, A. Delazar, Yahya Rahimpour, Niloufar Moharrer Navaei, S. Asnaashari, P. Asgharian","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.272832.1678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.272832.1678","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: The genus Nepeta is used in traditional medicine for the antiseptic and astringent properties in cutaneous eruptions and snake bites. Nepeta racemosa was investigated here due to the rich source of phytochemical compounds in the Nepeta genus and the lack of any phytochemical studies. Methods: The aerial parts were extracted successively using n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol (MeOH) by maceration method, respectively. The MeOH extract was exposed to C18 Sep-Pak fractionation by a step gradient of MeOH-H2O. Further purification of the fractions by preparative reversed-phase HPLC yielded three compounds. The chemical ingredients of essential oil were determined by GC-MS. Free-radical scavenging activity of the extracts, fractions, as well as their total flavonoid and phenolics contents, were assessed using the DPPH method, AlCl3, and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents, respectively. Results: Phytochemical study of 20% and 40% solid phase extraction fractions of MeOH extract yielded one iridoid (8,9-epi-7-deoxy-loganic acid) and two phenylethanoids (forsythoside B and verbascoside), correspondingly. The 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone (31.70 %), germacrene D (7.39 %), n-hexadecanoic acid (6.47 %), were the main compounds of essentials oil. The MeOH extract demonstrated high activity in terms of antioxidant activity, total phenolics content along with total flavonoids content (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/mL, 1581.80 ± 10.28 mg/100g and 33.01 ± 0.02 mg/100g) as well as 40% SPE fraction (0.01 ± 0.00 mg/mL, 659.20 ± 40.32 mg/100g and 22.5 ± 0.37 mg/100g), respectively. Conclusion: The presence of phenylethanoid derivatives as phenolic compounds appears to be an important antioxidant compound in Nepeta racemosa.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47110906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.293248.1730
Nasrollah Moradifar, M. Amraei, Kimia Karami, Mohammad Kalantari Shahijan, A. Amin, Sedigheh Nadri
Today, complementary and alternative treatment strategies, including massage therapy, and aromatherapy, are extensively applied to reduce and manage anxiety in the patients with various diseases. Aromatherapy as one of the main therapeutic strategies has gained significant attention in most countries compared to other complementary treatments for surgery-related anxiety treatment. Here, we decided to conduct a systematic review and report the results about the effects of aromatherapy with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) in patients undergoing various types of surgery. Five English databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to find published clinical papers related to the effects of aromatherapy with lavender in patients undergoing various types of surgery without time limitation. All searches were based on the 06- PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Out of 3974 papers, 20 papers from the year 2000 up to April 2021, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review with the data extracted. The most studies were carried out on the effect of aromatherapy with lavender on the anxiety of patients with coronary artery bypass surgery (8 papers, 40%). Based on the results of the articles reviewed, it can be suggested that aromatherapy management particularly with lavender, has the potential to be used as a complementary therapy to reduce anxiety and stress in patients undergoing various types of surgery. However, more studies are required to confirm the accurate mechanisms and side effects of the complementary treatment.
如今，包括按摩疗法和芳香疗法在内的互补和替代治疗策略被广泛应用于减少和管理各种疾病患者的焦虑。与手术相关焦虑治疗的其他补充治疗相比，芳香疗法作为主要治疗策略之一，在大多数国家引起了极大的关注。在这里，我们决定进行一项系统的综述，并报告薰衣草（Lavandula angustifolia L.）芳香疗法对接受各种类型手术的患者的效果。五个英文数据库，包括Web of Science、Scopus、PubMed、ScienceDirect和Google Scholar，被用来查找已发表的与薰衣草芳香疗法对接受各种类型手术的患者的影响有关的临床论文，没有时间限制。所有搜索均基于06-PRISMA指南，并在CAMARADES-NC3Rs临床前系统评价和荟萃分析设施（SyRF）数据库中注册。在3974篇论文中，2000年至2021年4月的20篇论文符合本次系统综述的纳入标准，数据已提取。大多数研究是关于薰衣草芳香疗法对冠状动脉搭桥手术患者焦虑的影响（8篇论文，40%）。根据综述的文章结果，可以认为芳香疗法管理，特别是薰衣草，有潜力作为一种补充疗法，减少接受各种类型手术的患者的焦虑和压力。然而，还需要更多的研究来证实补充治疗的确切机制和副作用。
{"title":"Aromatherapy with Lavender Essential Oil in Patients with Surgery-Related Anxiety: a Systematic Review","authors":"Nasrollah Moradifar, M. Amraei, Kimia Karami, Mohammad Kalantari Shahijan, A. Amin, Sedigheh Nadri","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.293248.1730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.293248.1730","url":null,"abstract":"Today, complementary and alternative treatment strategies, including massage therapy, and aromatherapy, are extensively applied to reduce and manage anxiety in the patients with various diseases. Aromatherapy as one of the main therapeutic strategies has gained significant attention in most countries compared to other complementary treatments for surgery-related anxiety treatment. Here, we decided to conduct a systematic review and report the results about the effects of aromatherapy with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) in patients undergoing various types of surgery. Five English databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to find published clinical papers related to the effects of aromatherapy with lavender in patients undergoing various types of surgery without time limitation. All searches were based on the 06- PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Out of 3974 papers, 20 papers from the year 2000 up to April 2021, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review with the data extracted. The most studies were carried out on the effect of aromatherapy with lavender on the anxiety of patients with coronary artery bypass surgery (8 papers, 40%). Based on the results of the articles reviewed, it can be suggested that aromatherapy management particularly with lavender, has the potential to be used as a complementary therapy to reduce anxiety and stress in patients undergoing various types of surgery. However, more studies are required to confirm the accurate mechanisms and side effects of the complementary treatment.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44387143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.291004.1725
H. Abdullah, Ilyana Ismail, R. Suppian
Background and objectives: The anticancer properties of extracts from Quercus infectoria galls have been demonstrated in a range of cancer cells, including human cervical cancer cells. This study aimed to elucidate the cell death mechanisms of Q. infectoria aqueous and supercritical fluid extracts on cervical cancer cells, HeLa. Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay, whereas apoptosis induction was assessed using acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. Flow cytometry was used to analyse phosphatidylserine externalization, cell cycle distribution, and caspase activity. Meanwhile, anti-Bax, anti-Bcl-2, and anti-p53 antibody were used to examine the expression of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. Results: MTT assay revealed the cytotoxic effects of the aqueous and supercritical fluid extracts on HeLa cells with IC50 values of 12.33±0.35 µg/mL and 14.33±0.67 µg/mL respectively. Acridine orange/propidium iodide analysis revealed morphological changes with apoptotic features in the treated cells. Cell population increase in sub G0 phase showed induction of apoptosis in the treated HeLa cells. Moreover, the activation of caspases in the treated cells revealed the execution of apoptosis. In addition, the expression of p53 and Bax proteins in the treated cells were observed whereas there was no difference in the expression of Bcl-2 in the treated cells compared to untreated control cells. Conclusion: Both aqueous and supercritical fluid extracts inhibited the growth of HeLa cells through induction of cell apoptosis by activation of caspases-8 and caspase-9.
{"title":"Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells Treated with Aqueous and Supercritical Fluid Extracts of Quercus infectoria","authors":"H. Abdullah, Ilyana Ismail, R. Suppian","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.291004.1725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.291004.1725","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: The anticancer properties of extracts from Quercus infectoria galls have been demonstrated in a range of cancer cells, including human cervical cancer cells. This study aimed to elucidate the cell death mechanisms of Q. infectoria aqueous and supercritical fluid extracts on cervical cancer cells, HeLa. Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay, whereas apoptosis induction was assessed using acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. Flow cytometry was used to analyse phosphatidylserine externalization, cell cycle distribution, and caspase activity. Meanwhile, anti-Bax, anti-Bcl-2, and anti-p53 antibody were used to examine the expression of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. Results: MTT assay revealed the cytotoxic effects of the aqueous and supercritical fluid extracts on HeLa cells with IC50 values of 12.33±0.35 µg/mL and 14.33±0.67 µg/mL respectively. Acridine orange/propidium iodide analysis revealed morphological changes with apoptotic features in the treated cells. Cell population increase in sub G0 phase showed induction of apoptosis in the treated HeLa cells. Moreover, the activation of caspases in the treated cells revealed the execution of apoptosis. In addition, the expression of p53 and Bax proteins in the treated cells were observed whereas there was no difference in the expression of Bcl-2 in the treated cells compared to untreated control cells. Conclusion: Both aqueous and supercritical fluid extracts inhibited the growth of HeLa cells through induction of cell apoptosis by activation of caspases-8 and caspase-9.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41413177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-11DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.295436.1745
N. Asri, M. Rezaei-Tavirani, M. Rostami-Nejad, Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat, S. Esmaeili, Mahmood Khodadoost
Celiac disease, also known as gluten intolerance, is an autoimmune digestive disorder in genetically susceptible individuals. Currently, a totally gluten free diet is considered as the only treatment for celiac disease, which means cutting out foods containing gluten protein from the diet completely. Strict adherence to this regimen can be challenging as several processed foods contain hidden gluten, added as flavor enhancer or texture modifier. In addition, the high cost and unavailability of gluten-free foods have led to patient's dissatisfaction. Moreover, there are celiac disease patients who have persistent symptoms despite dietary compliance. Emerging research have focused on discovering alternative non-dietary treatments for this disorder. There are herbal medicines and other natural resources with anti-inflammatory activity and valuable therapeutic effects in preventing or treating inflammatory diseases. As these are effective and affordable, several studies have focused on treating different diseases using these agents. However, there are few studies evaluating the effects and potential role of naturally derived compounds in celiac disease treatment. In this review, we gathered current information in this regard; hoping our article can serve as catalysts for researchers to pay more attention to natural therapies for celiac disease.
{"title":"Gut Healing Natural Resource’s Role in Management of Celiac Disease, a Brief Review","authors":"N. Asri, M. Rezaei-Tavirani, M. Rostami-Nejad, Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat, S. Esmaeili, Mahmood Khodadoost","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.295436.1745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.295436.1745","url":null,"abstract":"Celiac disease, also known as gluten intolerance, is an autoimmune digestive disorder in genetically susceptible individuals. Currently, a totally gluten free diet is considered as the only treatment for celiac disease, which means cutting out foods containing gluten protein from the diet completely. Strict adherence to this regimen can be challenging as several processed foods contain hidden gluten, added as flavor enhancer or texture modifier. In addition, the high cost and unavailability of gluten-free foods have led to patient's dissatisfaction. Moreover, there are celiac disease patients who have persistent symptoms despite dietary compliance. Emerging research have focused on discovering alternative non-dietary treatments for this disorder. There are herbal medicines and other natural resources with anti-inflammatory activity and valuable therapeutic effects in preventing or treating inflammatory diseases. As these are effective and affordable, several studies have focused on treating different diseases using these agents. However, there are few studies evaluating the effects and potential role of naturally derived compounds in celiac disease treatment. In this review, we gathered current information in this regard; hoping our article can serve as catalysts for researchers to pay more attention to natural therapies for celiac disease.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44454527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.293888.1731
Evelyn Asante-Kwatia, A. Mensah, Eunice Adomakowaa Fobie
Background and objectives: Anecdotal evidence shows that plant remedies used by rural folks to repel snakes and those used during snake envenomation are sometimes effective and offer an appreciable survival rate among victims of snake bites. This study focused on documenting plants that repel snakes from homesteads and those administered as interventions during snake bites among indigenes of Ejisu-Juabeng District, Ghana. Method: Personal interviews with indigenes was carried out. Information about the plants including scientific names, families, local names, growth habit, the used part, method of preparation and administration were recorded. Herbarium vouchers were used to identifying the plants at species level. The frequency of citation (FC) and relative frequency of citation index (RFC) for each species was determined. Results: Twenty-three medicinal plants were documented; 17 plants belonging to 15 genera from 13 families were reported to be used as antidote for snakebite poisoning while ten species belonging to nine genera from nine families were reported as snake repellents. Plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae were the most predominant (12.5%). The anti-venin plants mostly mentioned were herbs (48%) and trees (39%). Leaves (58.8%) and roots (29.4%) were frequently used in antivenin formulations and were mostly applied topically (78.5%) as poultices or orally (21.4%) as infusions/decoctions. For snake repelling plants the strong odour from plants was mostly responsible for the repellent effect. The most commonly named plants were Nicotiana tobacum (Relative frequency of citation=0.26), Allium sativum (RFC=0.14), Rauwolfia serpentine (RFC=0.18) and Allium cepa (RFC=0.18). Conclusion: This study has revealed the importance of herbal medicine used in the prevention and treatment of snakebites among indigenes of Ejisu-Juabeng District.
{"title":"An Ethnobotanical Study on Medicinal Plants Used as Antidote for Snakebite and as Snake Repellent in the Ejisu-Juabeng District of Ghana","authors":"Evelyn Asante-Kwatia, A. Mensah, Eunice Adomakowaa Fobie","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.293888.1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.293888.1731","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Anecdotal evidence shows that plant remedies used by rural folks to repel snakes and those used during snake envenomation are sometimes effective and offer an appreciable survival rate among victims of snake bites. This study focused on documenting plants that repel snakes from homesteads and those administered as interventions during snake bites among indigenes of Ejisu-Juabeng District, Ghana. Method: Personal interviews with indigenes was carried out. Information about the plants including scientific names, families, local names, growth habit, the used part, method of preparation and administration were recorded. Herbarium vouchers were used to identifying the plants at species level. The frequency of citation (FC) and relative frequency of citation index (RFC) for each species was determined. Results: Twenty-three medicinal plants were documented; 17 plants belonging to 15 genera from 13 families were reported to be used as antidote for snakebite poisoning while ten species belonging to nine genera from nine families were reported as snake repellents. Plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae were the most predominant (12.5%). The anti-venin plants mostly mentioned were herbs (48%) and trees (39%). Leaves (58.8%) and roots (29.4%) were frequently used in antivenin formulations and were mostly applied topically (78.5%) as poultices or orally (21.4%) as infusions/decoctions. For snake repelling plants the strong odour from plants was mostly responsible for the repellent effect. The most commonly named plants were Nicotiana tobacum (Relative frequency of citation=0.26), Allium sativum (RFC=0.14), Rauwolfia serpentine (RFC=0.18) and Allium cepa (RFC=0.18). Conclusion: This study has revealed the importance of herbal medicine used in the prevention and treatment of snakebites among indigenes of Ejisu-Juabeng District.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45586520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.288366.1705
Amir Taherkhani, S. Moradkhani, Athena Orangi, A. Jalalvand, Z. Khamverdi
Background and objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is a proteolytic enzyme playing an important role in the activation of the MMP cascade, which seems to be vital in both bone metabolism and homeostasis. However, the up-regulation of MMP-13 is involved in developing several human disorders such as aggressive tumors, tooth decay, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, skin ageing, and Alzheimer's disease. We performed a molecular docking analysis to discover the potential MMP-13 inhibitors in a total of 21 anthraquinone derivatives. Methods: The binding affinity of the tested compounds to the MMP-13 catalytic site was estimated by the Autodock 4.0 software. Moreover, the stability of the docked pose of the top-ranked compounds were examined using molecular dynamics simulations. Results: Pulmatin, sennidin A, emodin-8-glucoside, emodin, rhodoptilometrin, chrysophanol, knipholone, sennidin B, aloe emodin 8-glucoside, and aloe-emodin demonstrated considerable binding affinity to the MMP-13 active site. However, the molecular dynamics simulations showed that the docked poses of sennidin A and sennidin B were not considerably stable. Conclusion: The present study suggested that pulmatin, emodin-8-glucoside, emodin, rhodoptilometrin, chrysophanol, knipholone, aloe emodin 8-glucoside, and aloe-emodin may be considered as drug candidates for therapeutic applications in many human diseases. However, the validation of this finding is needed in the future.
{"title":"In silico Study of Some Natural Anthraquinones on Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition","authors":"Amir Taherkhani, S. Moradkhani, Athena Orangi, A. Jalalvand, Z. Khamverdi","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.288366.1705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.288366.1705","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is a proteolytic enzyme playing an important role in the activation of the MMP cascade, which seems to be vital in both bone metabolism and homeostasis. However, the up-regulation of MMP-13 is involved in developing several human disorders such as aggressive tumors, tooth decay, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, skin ageing, and Alzheimer's disease. We performed a molecular docking analysis to discover the potential MMP-13 inhibitors in a total of 21 anthraquinone derivatives. Methods: The binding affinity of the tested compounds to the MMP-13 catalytic site was estimated by the Autodock 4.0 software. Moreover, the stability of the docked pose of the top-ranked compounds were examined using molecular dynamics simulations. Results: Pulmatin, sennidin A, emodin-8-glucoside, emodin, rhodoptilometrin, chrysophanol, knipholone, sennidin B, aloe emodin 8-glucoside, and aloe-emodin demonstrated considerable binding affinity to the MMP-13 active site. However, the molecular dynamics simulations showed that the docked poses of sennidin A and sennidin B were not considerably stable. Conclusion: The present study suggested that pulmatin, emodin-8-glucoside, emodin, rhodoptilometrin, chrysophanol, knipholone, aloe emodin 8-glucoside, and aloe-emodin may be considered as drug candidates for therapeutic applications in many human diseases. However, the validation of this finding is needed in the future.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46651342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2021.291618.1719
Mathewos Alemu, Milkyas Endale, L. Cardona, D. Cortes, N. Cabedo, M. Trelis, M. V. Fuentes, B. Abarca
Background and objectives: Uvaria scheffleri Diels (Annonaceae), Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. (Rutaceae), and Vepris dainelli (Pichi-Serm.) Kokwaro (Rutaceae) are medicinal plants traditionally used in Ethiopia against pathogenic infections. In the present study, the chemical composition, larvicidal activity, and cytotoxic effect of essential oils were investigated. Methods: Hydrodistillation technique was used to extract essential oils. In vitro larvicidal activity against Anisakis L3 larvae was tested in marinated solutions. MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity. Results: The yields (v/w) of essential oils obtained from U. scheffleri roots, Z. chalybeum, and V. dainelli fruits were 0.5, 2.7, and 2.0 %, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils revealed a total of 58, 18, and 20 chemical constituents, representing 97.6, 99.6, and 98.8 % of the oil contents, respectively. Tricyclo [5.3.0.0(3, 9)] decane was identified to be the principal constituent in the essential oils of Z. chalybeum (82.8%) and V. dainelli (69.8%), reported herein for the first time. Essential oils of Z. chalybeum, U. scheffleri, and V. dainelli displayed a dose-dependent larvicidal activity with LT100 values of 3 h, 5 h, and 5 h for 5% concentrations, respectively. The cytotoxicity study of essential oils on VERO cells showed moderate toxicity with IC50 values of 65.46 µg/mL, 83.88 µg/mL, and 96.82 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained revealed that the studied essential oils could serve as larvicidal agents in treating human anisakidosis. The observed weak cytotoxicity at low concentrations points out the possibility of developing effective and safe botanical larvicides.
{"title":"Chemical Composition, Cytotoxicity and Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils of Three Medicinal Plants of Ethiopian Flora against Anisakis L3 Larvae","authors":"Mathewos Alemu, Milkyas Endale, L. Cardona, D. Cortes, N. Cabedo, M. Trelis, M. V. Fuentes, B. Abarca","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2021.291618.1719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2021.291618.1719","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Uvaria scheffleri Diels (Annonaceae), Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. (Rutaceae), and Vepris dainelli (Pichi-Serm.) Kokwaro (Rutaceae) are medicinal plants traditionally used in Ethiopia against pathogenic infections. In the present study, the chemical composition, larvicidal activity, and cytotoxic effect of essential oils were investigated. Methods: Hydrodistillation technique was used to extract essential oils. In vitro larvicidal activity against Anisakis L3 larvae was tested in marinated solutions. MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity. Results: The yields (v/w) of essential oils obtained from U. scheffleri roots, Z. chalybeum, and V. dainelli fruits were 0.5, 2.7, and 2.0 %, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils revealed a total of 58, 18, and 20 chemical constituents, representing 97.6, 99.6, and 98.8 % of the oil contents, respectively. Tricyclo [5.3.0.0(3, 9)] decane was identified to be the principal constituent in the essential oils of Z. chalybeum (82.8%) and V. dainelli (69.8%), reported herein for the first time. Essential oils of Z. chalybeum, U. scheffleri, and V. dainelli displayed a dose-dependent larvicidal activity with LT100 values of 3 h, 5 h, and 5 h for 5% concentrations, respectively. The cytotoxicity study of essential oils on VERO cells showed moderate toxicity with IC50 values of 65.46 µg/mL, 83.88 µg/mL, and 96.82 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained revealed that the studied essential oils could serve as larvicidal agents in treating human anisakidosis. The observed weak cytotoxicity at low concentrations points out the possibility of developing effective and safe botanical larvicides.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45121176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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