Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.223143.1565
Arezoo Rastegari, Mina Saeedi, Yasaman Vahedi-Mazdabadi, M. Soleimani, M. Eftekhari, T. Akbarzadeh, M. Khanavi
Background and objectivesAsarum europaeum L. is an herbal medicine belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The rhizome of the plant has been used for the treatment of various diseases in complementary and alternative medicine of various countries. In Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), the aqueous extract of the rhizome has been used for the improvement and enhancement of memory.MethodsIn the present study, the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts as well as different fractions of A. europaeum rhizome were evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChE), acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BChE) inhibitory activity viamodified Ellman's method. ResultsThe ethyl acetate fraction selectively showed the most suitable anti-AChE activity (IC50 = 99.69 µg/mL); none of the extracts or fractions demonstrated anti-BChE activity. In this regard, the ethyl acetate fraction was candidate for the investigation of further biological activities such as antioxidant activity, neuroprotectivity, and metal chelating ability related to Alzheimer’s disease. It depicted favorable neuroprotectivity at concentration of 100 μg/mL against the toxicity of exposure to H2O2 in PC12 cells (p£0.001, cell viability = 80/60%) and chelating ability towards zinc, iron, and copper ions. The results of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was much more potent than BHA as the reference drug.ConclusionThe ethyl acetate fraction ofA. europaeum L. showed potent biological activities involved in Alzheimer’s disease and needs complementary investigations to develop an herbal product against Alzheimer’s disease.
{"title":"Evaluation of Asarum europaeum L. Rhizome for the Biological Activities Related to Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"Arezoo Rastegari, Mina Saeedi, Yasaman Vahedi-Mazdabadi, M. Soleimani, M. Eftekhari, T. Akbarzadeh, M. Khanavi","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.223143.1565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.223143.1565","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectivesAsarum europaeum L. is an herbal medicine belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The rhizome of the plant has been used for the treatment of various diseases in complementary and alternative medicine of various countries. In Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), the aqueous extract of the rhizome has been used for the improvement and enhancement of memory.MethodsIn the present study, the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts as well as different fractions of A. europaeum rhizome were evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChE), acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BChE) inhibitory activity viamodified Ellman's method. ResultsThe ethyl acetate fraction selectively showed the most suitable anti-AChE activity (IC50 = 99.69 µg/mL); none of the extracts or fractions demonstrated anti-BChE activity. In this regard, the ethyl acetate fraction was candidate for the investigation of further biological activities such as antioxidant activity, neuroprotectivity, and metal chelating ability related to Alzheimer’s disease. It depicted favorable neuroprotectivity at concentration of 100 μg/mL against the toxicity of exposure to H2O2 in PC12 cells (p£0.001, cell viability = 80/60%) and chelating ability towards zinc, iron, and copper ions. The results of antioxidant activity by DPPH assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was much more potent than BHA as the reference drug.ConclusionThe ethyl acetate fraction ofA. europaeum L. showed potent biological activities involved in Alzheimer’s disease and needs complementary investigations to develop an herbal product against Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42724946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.220695.1560
E. Bekoe, Cindy Kitcher, G. Agyei, S. Frimpong-Manso
Background and objectives: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) sepals, commonly known as bissap is prepared as a cold drink which is widely drunk in Ghana and across West-Africa for their medicinal and nutritional properties. The plant is known to have anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. For such a widely sold and used medicinal plant, it is important that simple but reliable parameters can be used to estimate the quality. This will reduce adulteration, improve quality and hence safeguard the consumer. This study was to examine simple parameters that can be employed to estimate the quality of dried whole and powdered samples of H. sabdariffa that are widely sold on the open West-African market. Methods: The parameters investigated were macroscopic, microscopic, phytochemical, physicochemical, microbiological, and fluorescence characteristics. Heavy metal and HPLC analyses were also performed. Results: The sepals of H. sabdariffa were dark red, united sepals alongside valvate aestivation. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. It exhibited unique fluorescent profiles in various reagents. HPLC fingerprint showed 7 peaks eluting within 1 and 5 minutes. Arsenic, lead, mercury, and chromium were not detected but cadmium was detected which was within acceptable limits. The aerobic bacteria and fungi count were also within acceptable limits. Conclusion: These parameters can be used to evaluate the quality of dried sepals of Hibiscus sabdariffa sold on the open market before they are used in the manufacturing of beverages and medicines.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic Characteristics of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. as a Means of Monitoring Quality","authors":"E. Bekoe, Cindy Kitcher, G. Agyei, S. Frimpong-Manso","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.220695.1560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.220695.1560","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) sepals, commonly known as bissap is prepared as a cold drink which is widely drunk in Ghana and across West-Africa for their medicinal and nutritional properties. The plant is known to have anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. For such a widely sold and used medicinal plant, it is important that simple but reliable parameters can be used to estimate the quality. This will reduce adulteration, improve quality and hence safeguard the consumer. This study was to examine simple parameters that can be employed to estimate the quality of dried whole and powdered samples of H. sabdariffa that are widely sold on the open West-African market. Methods: The parameters investigated were macroscopic, microscopic, phytochemical, physicochemical, microbiological, and fluorescence characteristics. Heavy metal and HPLC analyses were also performed. Results: The sepals of H. sabdariffa were dark red, united sepals alongside valvate aestivation. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. It exhibited unique fluorescent profiles in various reagents. HPLC fingerprint showed 7 peaks eluting within 1 and 5 minutes. Arsenic, lead, mercury, and chromium were not detected but cadmium was detected which was within acceptable limits. The aerobic bacteria and fungi count were also within acceptable limits. Conclusion: These parameters can be used to evaluate the quality of dried sepals of Hibiscus sabdariffa sold on the open market before they are used in the manufacturing of beverages and medicines.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46147947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.211114.1539
M. Ranjbar, S. Afsharypuor, F. Shakibaei, Mohammad Mazaheri
Background and objectivesSleep disorders are among the most common complaints in childhood. Considering the pitfalls regarding safety and efficacy of conventional treatments for sleep disorders in children and based on the Persian medicine literature and results of recent animal and clinical investigations, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of topical lettuce seed oil in these patients.MethodsThe study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial in 3-6 years old children with sleep disorders. They were randomly assigned to receive either topical placebo oil and clonidine capsule or lettuce seed oil and placebo capsule for three weeks. Lettuce seed oil was prepared using cold press method. Persian version of “BEARS” pediatric sleep questionnaire was used before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 20) .ResultsAt the end of study, 67 patients out of 72 completed the study. Similar to control group, children in intervention group significantly improved regarding bedtime issues (p<0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (p=0.003), night awakenings (p=0.008), and problems in regularity and duration of sleep (p<0.001); however, no significant change was observed regarding the snoring in both groups.ConclusionsTopical use of lettuce seed oil on forehead and temporal areas of children could be considered as a safe and effective treatment for sleep disorders. However, further studies with larger sample size, longer duration of follow-up, and with the use of objective outcome measures are warranted.
{"title":"Effect of Topical Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seed Oil on Childhood Sleep Disorders: a Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial","authors":"M. Ranjbar, S. Afsharypuor, F. Shakibaei, Mohammad Mazaheri","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.211114.1539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.211114.1539","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectivesSleep disorders are among the most common complaints in childhood. Considering the pitfalls regarding safety and efficacy of conventional treatments for sleep disorders in children and based on the Persian medicine literature and results of recent animal and clinical investigations, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of topical lettuce seed oil in these patients.MethodsThe study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial in 3-6 years old children with sleep disorders. They were randomly assigned to receive either topical placebo oil and clonidine capsule or lettuce seed oil and placebo capsule for three weeks. Lettuce seed oil was prepared using cold press method. Persian version of “BEARS” pediatric sleep questionnaire was used before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 20) .ResultsAt the end of study, 67 patients out of 72 completed the study. Similar to control group, children in intervention group significantly improved regarding bedtime issues (p<0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (p=0.003), night awakenings (p=0.008), and problems in regularity and duration of sleep (p<0.001); however, no significant change was observed regarding the snoring in both groups.ConclusionsTopical use of lettuce seed oil on forehead and temporal areas of children could be considered as a safe and effective treatment for sleep disorders. However, further studies with larger sample size, longer duration of follow-up, and with the use of objective outcome measures are warranted.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43416322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.216819.1552
Bahareh Yavarian, L. Safaeian, B. Zolfaghari, M. Etebari, H. Sharifi
Background and objectives Allium elburzense is an endemic plant in north of Iran with some nutritional and medicinal applications; however, there is no data on its safety profile. This study was aimed to investigate cytotoxicity, acute and sub-acute toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of A. elburzense bulb. Methods Total phenolic content of the extract was measured using Folin-Ciocalteumethod. For cytotoxicity assay, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used. In acute toxicity study, single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered in female and male Wistar rats and they were monitored for two weeks. In sub-acute test, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of extract were orally administered for four weeks. Results Total phenolic content was estimated as 32.8 ± 2.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the extract. The extract showed IC50 value of 366.4 µg/mL (95% CI = 246.4-566.1) in HUVECs after 24 h exposure. In acute study, there was no sign of toxicity and no mortality; however, significant increase in relative spleen weight and ALP activity and mild inflammation in kidney tissue were observed. LD50 ˃ 2000 mg/kg was estimated for A. elburzense bulb extract. In sub-acute assay, there were significant elevations in relative spleen weight, blood urea level, AST, ALT, ALP, total WBC, lymphocyte and neutrophil count and significant decrease in blood sugar and triglyceride levels at higher doses of the extract. ConclusionAllium elburzense bulb extract may be considered as safe at doses lower than 500 mg/kg in rats; however, assessment of liver and kidney functions is recommended during chronic uses.
{"title":"Acute, Sub-acute and Cell Toxicity of Allium elburzense Bulb Hydroalcoholic Extract","authors":"Bahareh Yavarian, L. Safaeian, B. Zolfaghari, M. Etebari, H. Sharifi","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.216819.1552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.216819.1552","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives Allium elburzense is an endemic plant in north of Iran with some nutritional and medicinal applications; however, there is no data on its safety profile. This study was aimed to investigate cytotoxicity, acute and sub-acute toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of A. elburzense bulb. Methods Total phenolic content of the extract was measured using Folin-Ciocalteumethod. For cytotoxicity assay, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used. In acute toxicity study, single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg was administered in female and male Wistar rats and they were monitored for two weeks. In sub-acute test, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of extract were orally administered for four weeks. Results Total phenolic content was estimated as 32.8 ± 2.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the extract. The extract showed IC50 value of 366.4 µg/mL (95% CI = 246.4-566.1) in HUVECs after 24 h exposure. In acute study, there was no sign of toxicity and no mortality; however, significant increase in relative spleen weight and ALP activity and mild inflammation in kidney tissue were observed. LD50 ˃ 2000 mg/kg was estimated for A. elburzense bulb extract. In sub-acute assay, there were significant elevations in relative spleen weight, blood urea level, AST, ALT, ALP, total WBC, lymphocyte and neutrophil count and significant decrease in blood sugar and triglyceride levels at higher doses of the extract. ConclusionAllium elburzense bulb extract may be considered as safe at doses lower than 500 mg/kg in rats; however, assessment of liver and kidney functions is recommended during chronic uses.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49157856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.219998.1558
M. Azadbakht, Elnaz Khoshvishkaie, A. Davoodi, S. Hosseinimehr, M. Azadbakht, S. Emami, H. B. Jouybari, F. Mirzaee, Kiana Ghadiri
Background and objectives: Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef. is a flowering perennial monocotyledon plant that has many important bioactive compounds especially colchicine and colchicine derivatives. In this study, the ultrasound-assisted acidic-solvent extraction method coupled with response-surface method was presented as the successful method for large scale extraction of colchicine as an alkaloid compound from Colchicum kurdicum. Methods: According to the literatures, methanol/deionized water (70:30) solvent system was selected for the extraction. In addition, the response-surface method was used for analysis and optimization of colchicine extraction by ultrasonic-assisted acidic-solvent extraction method. Subsequently, colchicine was extracted using this method and the effects of solvent pH, extraction time, solvent/plant ratio, power, and temperature were evaluated. Results: After all analysis procedures, 0.99 mg colchicine/g dried corms was achieved with the following conditions: solvent pH 4, Extraction time 120 minutes, solvent/plant ratio 20 mL/g, power 100 W, and temperature 60 oC. Conclusion: According to this study, ultrasonic-assisted acidic-solvent extraction was found an effective method for extraction of colchicine from Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef. compared to other extraction methods.
{"title":"Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted Acidic-solvent Extraction of Colchicine from Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef. Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"M. Azadbakht, Elnaz Khoshvishkaie, A. Davoodi, S. Hosseinimehr, M. Azadbakht, S. Emami, H. B. Jouybari, F. Mirzaee, Kiana Ghadiri","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.219998.1558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.219998.1558","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef. is a flowering perennial monocotyledon plant that has many important bioactive compounds especially colchicine and colchicine derivatives. In this study, the ultrasound-assisted acidic-solvent extraction method coupled with response-surface method was presented as the successful method for large scale extraction of colchicine as an alkaloid compound from Colchicum kurdicum. Methods: According to the literatures, methanol/deionized water (70:30) solvent system was selected for the extraction. In addition, the response-surface method was used for analysis and optimization of colchicine extraction by ultrasonic-assisted acidic-solvent extraction method. Subsequently, colchicine was extracted using this method and the effects of solvent pH, extraction time, solvent/plant ratio, power, and temperature were evaluated. Results: After all analysis procedures, 0.99 mg colchicine/g dried corms was achieved with the following conditions: solvent pH 4, Extraction time 120 minutes, solvent/plant ratio 20 mL/g, power 100 W, and temperature 60 oC. Conclusion: According to this study, ultrasonic-assisted acidic-solvent extraction was found an effective method for extraction of colchicine from Colchicum kurdicum (Bornm.) Stef. compared to other extraction methods.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48137183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.220380.1559
A. Dénou, A. Abubakar, D. G. Dafam, T. Yakubu, R. Sanogo, D. Diallo, T. Alemika
Background and objectives: In India, Argemone mexicana is traditionally used against fever, wounds, worms and malaria. In Mali the efficacy and safety of “Sumafura Tiemoko Bengaly” an herbal tea based on A. mexicana aerial parts against malaria have been demonstrated. This study was aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of its aerial parts. Methods: Macroscopy, microscopy, chemo-microscopy, phytochemical, mineral and physicochemical analyses were performed using standard methods. Results: The macroscopy showed that A. mexicana is an herbal plant with prickly both on its greenish stem and the pinnatelobed leaves; the flower is terminal and yellow and the fruit is a capsule with thorns. The microscopy revealed the presence of epidermal cells with actinocytic stomata, calcium oxalate prism, lacticifers, palisade cells, vascular bundle, fibers and collenchyma cells in the fresh leaf and the dry aerial parts. The chemo-microscopy revealed the presence of lignins, tannins, starch, calcium oxalate, oils and proteins. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, sterols and triterpenoids. The physicochemical parameters as observed included moisture content (8.2 %); total ash value (16.7 %); acid-insoluble ash value (2.9 %); water-soluble ash value (4.8 %); ethanol - soluble extractive value (17.2 %) and water- soluble extractive value (34.3 %). Six minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Pb, and Cd) have been also measured. Conclusion: These parameters help to establish the correct identity of A. mexicana and check the occurrence of adulterations. Further, they are useful for the standardization and pharmacopoeia development.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Investigations on Aerial Parts of Argemone mexicana L.","authors":"A. Dénou, A. Abubakar, D. G. Dafam, T. Yakubu, R. Sanogo, D. Diallo, T. Alemika","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.220380.1559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.220380.1559","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: In India, Argemone mexicana is traditionally used against fever, wounds, worms and malaria. In Mali the efficacy and safety of “Sumafura Tiemoko Bengaly” an herbal tea based on A. mexicana aerial parts against malaria have been demonstrated. This study was aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical parameters of its aerial parts. Methods: Macroscopy, microscopy, chemo-microscopy, phytochemical, mineral and physicochemical analyses were performed using standard methods. Results: The macroscopy showed that A. mexicana is an herbal plant with prickly both on its greenish stem and the pinnatelobed leaves; the flower is terminal and yellow and the fruit is a capsule with thorns. The microscopy revealed the presence of epidermal cells with actinocytic stomata, calcium oxalate prism, lacticifers, palisade cells, vascular bundle, fibers and collenchyma cells in the fresh leaf and the dry aerial parts. The chemo-microscopy revealed the presence of lignins, tannins, starch, calcium oxalate, oils and proteins. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, sterols and triterpenoids. The physicochemical parameters as observed included moisture content (8.2 %); total ash value (16.7 %); acid-insoluble ash value (2.9 %); water-soluble ash value (4.8 %); ethanol - soluble extractive value (17.2 %) and water- soluble extractive value (34.3 %). Six minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Pb, and Cd) have been also measured. Conclusion: These parameters help to establish the correct identity of A. mexicana and check the occurrence of adulterations. Further, they are useful for the standardization and pharmacopoeia development.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68212718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.213538.1543
E. Mahmoudi, M. Yazdkhasti, Amin Gharanfoli
Background and objectivesTLR2, TLR4, and Dectin-1 (Clec7) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by intestinal epithelia cells and MYD88 is a signaling molecule of TLR2 and TLR4. They warn immune system about the presence of invading pathogens promoting initiation of inflammatory response. Because of colonic cancer risk, therapy of intestinal inflammation is of high importance. Natural products are suitable candidates among which Kombucha tea has shown healing effect on mice model of colitis.MethodsFiltered Kombucha tea was prepared from black tea and sucrose plus tea fungus and previously fermented Kombucha tea. The collection was fermented by incubation at 28 °C for 14 days and filtered. Colitis was induced in young and old mice by administration of 3.5% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water during 7 days; filtrated Kombucha tea was given orally to animals with colitis, at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg daily for 21 days. Dectin-1, f toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, 4, as PRRs, and MyD88, as PRR signaling molecule were measured and compared with the age-matched normal and colitis model.ResultsTreatment with filtrated Kombucha tea significantly affected TLR2/TLR4 pathway and its downstream signaling molecules, MYD88 & dectin-1expression and subsequently inflammatory condition in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.Conclusion The results of the present study may indicate possible implication of Kombucha tea with TLRS which consequently produces the anti-colitis effects.
{"title":"Filtered Kombucha Tea Rings the Bell for TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, and Dectin-1 in Mice Model of Colitis","authors":"E. Mahmoudi, M. Yazdkhasti, Amin Gharanfoli","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.213538.1543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.213538.1543","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectivesTLR2, TLR4, and Dectin-1 (Clec7) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by intestinal epithelia cells and MYD88 is a signaling molecule of TLR2 and TLR4. They warn immune system about the presence of invading pathogens promoting initiation of inflammatory response. Because of colonic cancer risk, therapy of intestinal inflammation is of high importance. Natural products are suitable candidates among which Kombucha tea has shown healing effect on mice model of colitis.MethodsFiltered Kombucha tea was prepared from black tea and sucrose plus tea fungus and previously fermented Kombucha tea. The collection was fermented by incubation at 28 °C for 14 days and filtered. Colitis was induced in young and old mice by administration of 3.5% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water during 7 days; filtrated Kombucha tea was given orally to animals with colitis, at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg daily for 21 days. Dectin-1, f toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, 4, as PRRs, and MyD88, as PRR signaling molecule were measured and compared with the age-matched normal and colitis model.ResultsTreatment with filtrated Kombucha tea significantly affected TLR2/TLR4 pathway and its downstream signaling molecules, MYD88 & dectin-1expression and subsequently inflammatory condition in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.Conclusion The results of the present study may indicate possible implication of Kombucha tea with TLRS which consequently produces the anti-colitis effects.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43868670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.221400.1561
M. Rostami-Nejad, M. Razzaghi, S. Esmaeili, A. Zali, M. Rezaei-Tavirani, Mohammah Hossein Heidari, M. Rezaei-Tavirani, M. Zamanian-Azodi, N. Ahmadi
Background and objectives: Curcumin as a medicinal substance has shown effective in different kinds of diseases especially cancer. To understand its underlying mechanism, molecular complementary study of differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) could assist. In this view, regulatory network analysis of DEMs of melanoma cancer treated with curcumin versus the untreated male Mus musculus was investigated in this study. Methods: Data was obtained from the database of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.At first, the log fold change (FC)≥ 2 was assigned for predicting a cut off for DEMs in the following study. GEO2R detected a number of 250 top significantly changed microRNAs based on the priority of the most statistically significant ones. These miRNAs were then explored for regulatory network analysis via Cytoscape softwarev.3.7.2 and its plug-ins. Results: The findings indicated that a number of 21 miRNAs were statistically significant with differential expression amounts. Regulatory network also identified important microRNAs of mmu-miR-199a, mmu-miR-199b, mmu-miR-21, mmu-miR-142-3p, mmu-miR-148a, mmu-miR-214 and genes of Pkp3, Usp19, Ercc4, Ttc25, Atp13a2, Akr1b7, Umod, Nup188, Imp3, and Tmem74b. The highest ranked hub was mmu-miR-199a, which had nine connections. Conclusion: The present study offers new insights into the molecular mechanism of curcumin health benefits in melanoma cancer.
背景与目的:姜黄素作为一种药用物质，在治疗多种疾病尤其是癌症方面显示出良好的疗效。为了了解其潜在的机制，差异表达microRNAs (DEMs)的分子互补研究可以提供帮助。因此，本研究对姜黄素治疗的黑素瘤癌与未治疗的雄性小家鼠进行了dem的调控网络分析。方法:从Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.At)中获取数据，首先将log fold change (FC)≥2作为预测后续研究中dem的截断点。根据统计上最显著的microrna的优先级，GEO2R检测到250个最显著变化的microrna。然后通过Cytoscape软件v.3.7.2及其插件对这些mirna进行调控网络分析。结果:21个mirna的表达量差异有统计学意义。调控网络还鉴定出了mmu-miR-199a、mmu-miR-199b、mmu-miR-21、mmu-miR-142-3p、mmu-miR-148a、mmu-miR-214等重要microrna，以及Pkp3、Usp19、Ercc4、Ttc25、Atp13a2、Akr1b7、Umod、Nup188、Imp3和Tmem74b等基因。排名最高的枢纽是mmu-miR-199a，它有9个连接。结论:本研究为姜黄素对黑色素瘤健康益处的分子机制提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Evaluation of Anticancer and Neuroprotective Properties of Curcumin: a Network Analysis","authors":"M. Rostami-Nejad, M. Razzaghi, S. Esmaeili, A. Zali, M. Rezaei-Tavirani, Mohammah Hossein Heidari, M. Rezaei-Tavirani, M. Zamanian-Azodi, N. Ahmadi","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.221400.1561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.221400.1561","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Curcumin as a medicinal substance has shown effective in different kinds of diseases especially cancer. To understand its underlying mechanism, molecular complementary study of differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) could assist. In this view, regulatory network analysis of DEMs of melanoma cancer treated with curcumin versus the untreated male Mus musculus was investigated in this study. Methods: Data was obtained from the database of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.At first, the log fold change (FC)≥ 2 was assigned for predicting a cut off for DEMs in the following study. GEO2R detected a number of 250 top significantly changed microRNAs based on the priority of the most statistically significant ones. These miRNAs were then explored for regulatory network analysis via Cytoscape softwarev.3.7.2 and its plug-ins. Results: The findings indicated that a number of 21 miRNAs were statistically significant with differential expression amounts. Regulatory network also identified important microRNAs of mmu-miR-199a, mmu-miR-199b, mmu-miR-21, mmu-miR-142-3p, mmu-miR-148a, mmu-miR-214 and genes of Pkp3, Usp19, Ercc4, Ttc25, Atp13a2, Akr1b7, Umod, Nup188, Imp3, and Tmem74b. The highest ranked hub was mmu-miR-199a, which had nine connections. Conclusion: The present study offers new insights into the molecular mechanism of curcumin health benefits in melanoma cancer.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41630511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.104701
Z. Talebi, G. K. Afshari, S. Nasrollahi, A. Firooz, Maedeh Ghovvati, A. Samadi, M. Karimi, Sima Kolahdooz, M. Vazirian
Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic conditions. The available anti-acne treatments are not satisfactory and safe. In this regard, searching for new treatments, especially natural materials with reasonable side effects and satisfactory effectiveness, could be promising. The aim of the present study was to explore the safety and efficacy of a topical formulation containing Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) fruits essential oil in patients with facial acne. Methods: The essential oil of the fruits was extracted by hydrodistillation method and formulated as a 1% gel. In this open-labeled, uncontrolled clinical trial, 20 patients with mild to moderate acne received topical ajwain gel twice daily for 8 weeks. The outcomes of acne lesion count, red fluorescence parameters and biophysical skin profiles were evaluated at baseline, 4th and 8th weeks. Any adverse reaction was recorded during the study. Results: All patients completed the study. Two months after treatment, the mean reduction in the total (8.2±3.36; P=0.000) and non-inflammatory (7.3±4.53; p=0.000) lesions was statistically significant. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the size and quantity of red fluorescence spots was also observed. Biophysical skin profile measurements revealed a significant reduction in erythema (p=0.033) and sebum (p=0.026) and a significant increase in pH (p=0.005). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study provided a basis for the effectiveness of topical ajwain gel for the treatment of mild to moderate facial acne. Conducting further double blind clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of the product.
{"title":"Potential of Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) Gel for Treatment of Facial Acne vulgaris: a Pilot Study with Skin Biophysical Profile Assessment and Red Fluorescence Photography","authors":"Z. Talebi, G. K. Afshari, S. Nasrollahi, A. Firooz, Maedeh Ghovvati, A. Samadi, M. Karimi, Sima Kolahdooz, M. Vazirian","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.104701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.104701","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic conditions. The available anti-acne treatments are not satisfactory and safe. In this regard, searching for new treatments, especially natural materials with reasonable side effects and satisfactory effectiveness, could be promising. The aim of the present study was to explore the safety and efficacy of a topical formulation containing Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) fruits essential oil in patients with facial acne. Methods: The essential oil of the fruits was extracted by hydrodistillation method and formulated as a 1% gel. In this open-labeled, uncontrolled clinical trial, 20 patients with mild to moderate acne received topical ajwain gel twice daily for 8 weeks. The outcomes of acne lesion count, red fluorescence parameters and biophysical skin profiles were evaluated at baseline, 4th and 8th weeks. Any adverse reaction was recorded during the study. Results: All patients completed the study. Two months after treatment, the mean reduction in the total (8.2±3.36; P=0.000) and non-inflammatory (7.3±4.53; p=0.000) lesions was statistically significant. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the size and quantity of red fluorescence spots was also observed. Biophysical skin profile measurements revealed a significant reduction in erythema (p=0.033) and sebum (p=0.026) and a significant increase in pH (p=0.005). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study provided a basis for the effectiveness of topical ajwain gel for the treatment of mild to moderate facial acne. Conducting further double blind clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of the product.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49057895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.22127/RJP.2020.211810.1541
V. Azizi, F. Allahyari, Farnoosh Rezaali, A. Hosseini
Background and objective: Epilepsy one the most prevalent neurological illness which affects behavioral statuses like anxiety, depression and balance. Based on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Tanacetum polycephalum, its effect on anxiety and depression caused by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindling in rats was investigated. Methods : In order to prepare the required extract, aerial part of the Tanacetum was powdered (100 g) and macerated in 1 L of ethanol (80%) for 24 h. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to four groups: PTZ (sub-threshold dose 35 mg/kg for one month, intraperitoneal (i.p)), PTZ + phenobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p), PTZ + Tanacetum extract (300 mg/kg, i.p), and PTZ + Tanacetum extract (600 mg/kg, i.p). Elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST) and rotarod test were employed to assess the anxiety parameters, antidepressant and balance potential, respectively. Results: Tanacetum extract administered at the doses of 300, and 600 mg/kg, exert antidepressant-like activity in the FST test and reduced the immobility time. In the EPM test, Tanacetum extract at the same doses produced anxiolytic-like effects. Also, the rats which received Tanacetum extract showed a significant improvement in the rotarod test in contrast to the PTZ group. Conclusion: The finding from current study showed that Tanacetum could ameliorate neurobehavioral parameters of anxiety and depression in the PTZ-kindled rats.
{"title":"The Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effect of Tanacetum polycephalum in the Pentylenetetrazole Kindled Rats","authors":"V. Azizi, F. Allahyari, Farnoosh Rezaali, A. Hosseini","doi":"10.22127/RJP.2020.211810.1541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22127/RJP.2020.211810.1541","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Epilepsy one the most prevalent neurological illness which affects behavioral statuses like anxiety, depression and balance. Based on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Tanacetum polycephalum, its effect on anxiety and depression caused by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindling in rats was investigated. Methods : In order to prepare the required extract, aerial part of the Tanacetum was powdered (100 g) and macerated in 1 L of ethanol (80%) for 24 h. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to four groups: PTZ (sub-threshold dose 35 mg/kg for one month, intraperitoneal (i.p)), PTZ + phenobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p), PTZ + Tanacetum extract (300 mg/kg, i.p), and PTZ + Tanacetum extract (600 mg/kg, i.p). Elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST) and rotarod test were employed to assess the anxiety parameters, antidepressant and balance potential, respectively. Results: Tanacetum extract administered at the doses of 300, and 600 mg/kg, exert antidepressant-like activity in the FST test and reduced the immobility time. In the EPM test, Tanacetum extract at the same doses produced anxiolytic-like effects. Also, the rats which received Tanacetum extract showed a significant improvement in the rotarod test in contrast to the PTZ group. Conclusion: The finding from current study showed that Tanacetum could ameliorate neurobehavioral parameters of anxiety and depression in the PTZ-kindled rats.","PeriodicalId":21088,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Pharmacognosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47801894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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