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Adaptive potential in the face of a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils 塔斯马尼亚魔鬼面对可传播癌症的适应潜力。
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17531
Kasha Strickland, Menna E. Jones, Andrew Storfer, Rodrigo K. Hamede, Paul A. Hohenlohe, Mark J. Margres, Hamish I. McCallum, Sebastien Comte, Shelly Lachish, Loeske E. B. Kruuk

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) not only cause catastrophic declines in wildlife populations but also generate selective pressures that may result in rapid evolutionary responses. One such EID is devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) in the Tasmanian devil. DFTD is almost always fatal and has reduced the average lifespan of individuals by around 2 years, likely causing strong selection for traits that reduce susceptibility to the disease, but population decline has also left Tasmanian devils vulnerable to inbreeding depression. We analysed 22 years of data from an ongoing study of a population of Tasmanian devils on Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania, to (1) identify whether DFTD may be causing selection on body size, by estimating phenotypic and genetic correlations between DFTD and size traits, (2) estimate the additive genetic variance of susceptibility to DFTD, and (3) investigate whether size traits or susceptibility to DFTD were under inbreeding depression. We found a positive phenotypic relationship between head width and susceptibility to DFTD, but this was not underpinned by a genetic correlation. Conversely, we found a negative phenotypic relationship between body weight and susceptibility to DFTD, and there was evidence for a negative genetic correlation between susceptibility to DFTD and body weight. There was additive genetic variance in susceptibility to DFTD, head width and body weight, but there was no evidence for inbreeding depression in any of these traits. These results suggest that Tasmanian devils have the potential to respond adaptively to DFTD, although the realised evolutionary response will critically further depend on the evolution of DFTD itself.

新发传染病(EIDs)不仅会造成野生动物种群数量的灾难性下降,而且还会产生选择性压力,从而导致快速的进化反应。塔斯马尼亚魔鬼面部肿瘤病(DFTD)就是这样一种 EID。DFTD几乎总是致命的,它使个体的平均寿命缩短了约2年,这很可能导致对降低疾病易感性的性状的强烈选择,但种群数量的减少也使塔斯马尼亚魔鬼容易受到近亲繁殖抑制的影响。我们分析了对塔斯马尼亚弗雷西内特半岛的塔斯马尼亚魔鬼种群进行的一项持续研究的 22 年数据,目的是:(1)通过估计 DFTD 与体型特征之间的表型和遗传相关性,确定 DFTD 是否可能导致对体型的选择;(2)估计对 DFTD 易感性的加性遗传变异;以及(3)调查体型特征或对 DFTD 的易感性是否受到近交抑郁的影响。我们发现,头宽与DFTD易感性之间存在正的表型关系,但这并不以遗传相关性为基础。相反,我们发现体重与DFTD易感性之间存在负的表型关系,并且有证据表明DFTD易感性与体重之间存在负的遗传相关性。DFTD易感性、头宽和体重之间存在加性遗传变异,但没有证据表明这些性状存在近交抑郁。这些结果表明,塔斯马尼亚魔鬼有可能对DFTD做出适应性反应,但真正的进化反应将进一步取决于DFTD本身的进化。
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引用次数: 0
Interplay between vertebrate adaptive immunity and bacterial infectivity genes: Bank vole MHC versus Borrelia afzelii OspC 脊椎动物适应性免疫与细菌传染性基因之间的相互作用:银行田鼠 MHC 与 Borrelia afzelii OspC。
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17534
Joanna Różańska-Wróbel, Magdalena Migalska, Anna Urbanowicz, Maciej Grzybek, Ryan O. M. Rego, Anna Bajer, Dorota Dwuznik-Szarek, Mohammed Alsarraf, Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk, Jerzy M. Behnke, Jacek Radwan

Coevolution of parasites with their hosts may lead to balancing selection on genes involved in determining the specificity of host–parasite interactions, but examples of such specific interactions in wild vertebrates are scarce. Here, we investigated whether the polymorphic outer surface protein C (OspC), used by the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia afzelii, to manipulate vertebrate host innate immunity, interacts with polymorphic major histocompatibility genes (MHC), while concurrently eliciting a strong antibody response, in one of its main hosts in Europe, the bank vole. We found signals of balancing selection acting on OspC, resulting in little differentiation in OspC variant frequencies between years. Neither MHC alleles nor their inferred functional groupings (supertypes) significantly predicted the specificity of infection with strains carrying different OspC variants. However, we found that MHC alleles, but not supertypes, significantly predicted the level of IgG antibodies against two common OspC variants among seropositive individuals. Our results thus indicate that MHC alleles differ in their ability to induce antibody responses against specific OspC variants, which may contribute to selection of OspC polymorphism by the vole immune system.

寄生虫与宿主的共同进化可能会导致参与决定宿主-寄生虫相互作用特异性的基因的平衡选择,但野生脊椎动物中这种特异性相互作用的例子很少。在这里,我们研究了莱姆病病原体包柔氏包虫(Borrelia afzelii)用来操纵脊椎动物宿主先天免疫的多态外表面蛋白 C(OspC)是否与多态主要组织相容性基因(MHC)相互作用,同时在其主要宿主之一的欧洲田鼠身上引起强烈的抗体反应。我们在 OspC 上发现了平衡选择的信号,这导致 OspC 变异频率在不同年份之间几乎没有差异。无论是 MHC 等位基因还是其推断的功能分组(超级类型),都不能显著预测感染携带不同 OspC 变体的菌株的特异性。然而,我们发现 MHC 等位基因(而非超级类型)能显著预测血清阳性个体中针对两种常见 OspC 变体的 IgG 抗体水平。因此,我们的结果表明,MHC等位基因诱导针对特定OspC变体的抗体反应的能力不同,这可能有助于田鼠免疫系统对OspC多态性的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Defence-relevant gene expression differences in hatchlings among wild Newfoundland and farmed European and North American Atlantic salmon and their hybrids 野生纽芬兰鲑鱼与养殖的欧洲和北美大西洋鲑鱼及其杂交种幼鱼的防御相关基因表达差异。
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17535
Eric H. Ignatz, Xi Xue, Jennifer R. Hall, Shahinur S. Islam, Matthew L. Rise, Ian A. Fleming

Escape of genetically distinct farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) raises concerns about their potential interactions with wild populations and the disruption of local adaptation through genetic admixture. It is often unknown whether genetic origin or common domestication effects will have a greater influence on consequences posed by escaped farmed fish. Previous work showed that domestication could have prevalent effects on the behaviour and growth of farmed salmon, independent of their genetic origin. Yet, less is known whether this extends more broadly to gene expression, particularly at critical early life stages. Thus, we compared the expression of 24 transcripts related to the immune response, structural maintenance, stress response and iron metabolism among distinct farmed (North American [NA] and European [EO]), wild (Newfoundland) and F1 hybrid salmon at hatching under controlled conditions using qPCR analyses. A slightly higher number of transcripts were differentially expressed between the wild population relative to EO (i.e. atf3a, atf3b, bnip3, trim37a, ftm, hp and gapdh) than NA-farmed salmon (i.e. epdl2, hba1a, hba1b, hbb4 and ftm). The most differences existed between the two farmed strains themselves (11 of 24 transcripts), with the fewest differentially expressed transcripts found between the F1 hybrids and the domesticated/wild maternal strains (4 of 24 transcripts). Interestingly, despite similarities in the overall extent of gene expression differences among cross types, the expression patterns differed relative to a past study that compared fry from the same cross types at the end of yolk sac absorption. Overall, our findings suggest that interbreeding of escaped farmed salmon with wild Newfoundland populations would alter transcript expression levels and that developmental stage influences these changes.

基因独特的养殖大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)的逃逸引起了人们对其与野生种群潜在相互作用以及通过基因混杂破坏当地适应性的担忧。人们往往不知道是遗传起源还是共同驯化效应对养殖鱼类逃逸造成的后果影响更大。之前的研究表明,驯化会对养殖鲑鱼的行为和生长产生普遍影响,与遗传起源无关。然而,这种影响是否会更广泛地扩展到基因表达,尤其是在关键的生命早期阶段,目前还不太清楚。因此,我们采用 qPCR 分析方法,比较了不同养殖鲑鱼(北美[NA]和欧洲[EO])、野生鲑鱼(纽芬兰)和 F1 杂交鲑鱼在受控条件下孵化时与免疫反应、结构维持、应激反应和铁代谢相关的 24 个转录本的表达情况。相对于欧洲鲑鱼(即 atf3a、atf3b、bnip3、trim37a、ftm、hp 和 gapdh),野生种群与北美鲑鱼(即 epdl2、hba1a、hba1b、hbb4 和 ftm)之间差异表达的转录本数量略高于欧洲鲑鱼。两个养殖品系之间的差异最大(24 个转录本中的 11 个),F1 杂交种和驯化/野生母本品系之间差异表达的转录本最少(24 个转录本中的 4 个)。有趣的是,尽管杂交类型间基因表达差异的总体程度相似,但与过去一项比较同一杂交类型的鱼苗在卵黄囊吸收末期表达模式的研究相比,表达模式有所不同。总之,我们的研究结果表明,逃逸的养殖鲑鱼与野生纽芬兰种群杂交会改变转录本的表达水平,而发育阶段会影响这些变化。
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引用次数: 0
Host preference explains the high endemism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a dipterocarp rainforest 寄主偏好解释了双子叶雨林中外生菌根真菌的高度特有性
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17529
Hirotoshi Sato, Ajuwin Lain, Takafumi Mizuno, Satoshi Yamashita, Jamilah Binti Hassan, Khairunnisa Binti Othman, Takao Itioka

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are important tree symbionts within forests. The biogeography of ECM fungi remains to be investigated because it is challenging to observe and identify species. Because most ECM plant taxa have a Holarctic distribution, it is difficult to evaluate the extent to which host preference restricts the global distribution of ECM fungi. To address this issue, we aimed to assess whether host preference enhances the endemism of ECM fungi that inhabit dipterocarp rainforests. Highly similar sequences of 175 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for ECM fungi that were obtained from Lambir Hill's National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, were searched for in a nucleotide sequence database. Using a two-step binomial model, the probability of presence for the query OTUs and the registration rate of barcode sequences in each country were simultaneously estimated. The results revealed that the probability of presence in the respective countries increased with increasing species richness of Dipterocarpaceae and decreasing geographical distance from the study site (i.e. Lambir). Furthermore, most of the ECM fungi were shown to be endemic to Malaysia and neighbouring countries. These findings suggest that not only dispersal limitation but also host preference are responsible for the high endemism of ECM fungi in dipterocarp rainforests. Moreover, host preference likely determines the areas where ECM fungi potentially expand and dispersal limitation creates distance–decay patterns within suitable habitats. Although host preference has received less attention than dispersal limitation, our findings support that host preference has a profound influence on the global distribution of ECM fungi.

外生菌根(ECM)真菌是森林中重要的树木共生体。ECM 真菌的生物地理学仍有待研究,因为观察和识别物种具有挑战性。由于大多数 ECM 植物类群分布在北半球,因此很难评估寄主偏好在多大程度上限制了 ECM 真菌的全球分布。为了解决这个问题,我们旨在评估寄主偏好是否会增强栖息在双子叶热带雨林中的 ECM 真菌的特有性。我们在核苷酸序列数据库中搜索了从马来西亚沙捞越州兰比尔山国家公园获得的 175 个 ECM 真菌操作分类单元(OTU)的高度相似序列。利用两步二项式模型,同时估算了查询的 OTU 存在概率和各国的条形码序列注册率。结果表明,随着双子叶植物物种丰富度的增加和与研究地点(即兰比尔)地理距离的减小,在各国出现的概率也随之增加。此外,大多数 ECM 真菌都是马来西亚及其邻国的特有种。这些研究结果表明,不仅扩散受限,寄主偏好也是造成双子叶热带雨林中 ECM 真菌高度地方性的原因。此外,寄主偏好可能决定了 ECM 真菌可能扩展的区域,而扩散限制则在合适的栖息地内形成了距离衰减模式。虽然与扩散限制相比,寄主偏好受到的关注较少,但我们的研究结果证明,寄主偏好对 ECM 真菌的全球分布有着深远的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic rescue often leads to higher fitness as a result of increased heterozygosity across animal taxa 由于动物类群的杂合性增加,基因拯救往往会带来更高的适应性
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17532
Julia G. Clarke, Adam C. Smith, Catherine I. Cullingham

Biodiversity loss has reached critical levels partly due to anthropogenic habitat loss and degradation. These landscape changes are damaging as they can fragment species distributions into small, isolated populations, resulting in limited gene flow, population declines and reduced adaptive potential. Genetic rescue, the translocation of individuals to increase genetic diversity and ultimately fitness, has produced promising results for fragmented populations but remains underutilized due to a lack of long-term data and monitoring. To promote a better understanding of genetic rescue and its potential risks and benefits over the short-term, we reviewed and analysed published genetic rescue attempts to identify whether genetic diversity increases following translocation, and if this change is associated with increased fitness. Our review identified 19 studies that provided genetic and fitness data from before and after the translocation; the majority of these were on mammals, and included experimental, natural and conservation-motivated translocations. Using a Bayesian meta-analytical approach, we found that on average, genetic diversity and fitness increased in populations post translocations, although there were some exceptions to this trend. Overall, genetic diversity was a positive predictor of population fitness, and in some cases this relationship extended three generations post-rescue. These data suggest a single translocation can have lasting fitness benefits, and support translocation as another tool to facilitate conservation success. Given the limited number of studies with long-term data, we echo the need for genetic monitoring of populations post-translocation to understand whether genetic rescue can also limit the loss of adaptive potential in the long-term.

生物多样性的丧失已达到临界水平,部分原因是人为造成的生境丧失和退化。这些景观变化具有破坏性,因为它们会将物种分布分割成孤立的小种群,导致基因流动受限、种群数量减少和适应潜力降低。基因拯救,即通过转移个体来增加遗传多样性并最终提高适应性,在破碎化种群中取得了可喜的成果,但由于缺乏长期数据和监测,仍未得到充分利用。为了更好地了解基因拯救及其短期内的潜在风险和益处,我们对已发表的基因拯救尝试进行了回顾和分析,以确定基因迁移后遗传多样性是否会增加,以及这种变化是否与适应性的提高有关。我们的综述确定了 19 项研究,这些研究提供了易位前后的遗传和适应性数据;其中大部分是关于哺乳动物的研究,包括实验性、自然性和保护性易位。利用贝叶斯元分析方法,我们发现平均而言,迁移后种群的遗传多样性和适应性都有所提高,但这一趋势也有例外。总体而言,遗传多样性对种群的适应性有积极的预测作用,在某些情况下,这种关系会在拯救后延续三代。这些数据表明,一次迁移就能带来持久的适应性益处,并支持将迁移作为另一种促进保护成功的工具。鉴于具有长期数据的研究数量有限,我们认为有必要对迁移后的种群进行遗传监测,以了解遗传拯救是否也能限制适应潜力的长期丧失。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-wide population affinities and signatures of adaptation in hydruntines, sussemiones and Asian wild asses 全基因组种群亲缘关系和水驴、驴和亚洲野驴的适应特征
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17527
Jianfei Pan, Xuexue Liu, Mateusz Baca, Laure Calvière-Tonasso, Stéphanie Schiavinato, Loreleï Chauvey, Gaétan Tressières, Aude Perdereau, Jean-Marc Aury, Pedro H. Oliveira, Patrick Wincker, Aida Abdykanova, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan, Andrey B. Belinskiy, Eudald Carbonell, Hossein Davoudi, Jaime Lira Garrido, Allan S. Gilbert, Taylor Hermes, Christina Warinner, Alexey A. Kalmykov, David Lordkipanidze, Paweł Mackiewicz, Azadeh F. Mohaseb, Kristine Richter, Nuritdin Sayfullaev, Beth Shapiro, Svetlana Shnaider, John Southon, Krzysztof Stefaniak, Geoffrey D. Summers, Eline Naomi van Asperen, Nikoloz Vanishvili, Eden A. Hill, Pavel Kuznetsov, Sabine Reinhold, Svend Hansen, Marjan Mashkour, Rémi Berthon, William Timothy Treal Taylor, Jean-Luc Houle, Evon Hekkala, Danijela Popović, Ludovic Orlando

The extremely rich palaeontological record of the horse family, also known as equids, has provided many examples of macroevolutionary change over the last ~55 Mya. This family is also one of the most documented at the palaeogenomic level, with hundreds of ancient genomes sequenced. While these data have advanced understanding of the domestication history of horses and donkeys, the palaeogenomic record of other equids remains limited. In this study, we have generated genome-wide data for 25 ancient equid specimens spanning over 44 Ky and spread across Anatolia, the Caucasus, Central Asia and Mongolia. Our dataset includes the genomes from two extinct species, the European wild ass, Equus hydruntinus, and the sussemione Equus ovodovi. We document, for the first time, the presence of sussemiones in Mongolia and their survival around ~3.9 Kya, a finding that should be considered when discussing the timing of the first arrival of the domestic horse in the region. We also identify strong spatial differentiation within the historical ecological range of Asian wild asses, Equus hemionus, and incomplete reproductive isolation in several groups yet considered as different species. Finally, we find common selection signatures at ANTXR2 gene in European, Asian and African wild asses. This locus, which encodes a receptor for bacterial toxins, shows no selection signal in E. ovodovi, but a 5.4-kb deletion within intron 7. Whether such genetic modifications played any role in the sussemione extinction remains unknown.

马科(又称马属)的古生物学记录极为丰富,提供了过去约 5500 万年宏观进化变化的许多实例。马科也是古基因组学记录最丰富的科之一,有数百个古基因组被测序。这些数据加深了人们对马和驴驯化历史的了解,但其他马科动物的古基因组记录仍然有限。在这项研究中,我们生成了 25 种古代马科动物标本的全基因组数据,这些标本跨越 44 个岐,分布在安纳托利亚、高加索、中亚和蒙古。我们的数据集包括两个已灭绝物种的基因组,即欧洲野驴(Equus hydruntinus)和鞍马(Equus ovodovi)。我们首次记录了在蒙古存在鞍马以及它们在大约 3.9 千年前存活的情况,在讨论家马首次到达该地区的时间时应考虑这一发现。我们还在亚洲野驴(Equus hemionus)的历史生态区域内发现了强烈的空间分化,并在几个被视为不同物种的群体中发现了不完全的生殖隔离。最后,我们在欧洲、亚洲和非洲野驴的 ANTXR2 基因上发现了共同的选择特征。这个基因座编码细菌毒素的受体,在 E. ovodovi 中没有发现选择信号,但在内含子 7 中有 5.4-kb 的缺失。这种基因改变是否在苏氏野驴灭绝中起到了任何作用,目前仍不得而知。
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引用次数: 0
Inter-algal associations and nutrients linked by Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus structure eukaryotic algal communities 真核藻类群落的藻类间联系以及由 Scenedesmus 和 Desmodesmus 链接的营养物质结构
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17528
Juan Lin, Hongxia Wang, Jianfeng Chen, Yun Li

Eutrophication reduces the variability of the community composition of plankton. However, the mechanisms underlying the diversity and restructuring of eukaryotic algal communities remain unknown. This study analysed the diversity and compositional patterns of algal communities in shallow eutrophic lakes. It investigated how these communities were modified by key genera through mediating inter-algal associations under the influence of abiotic factors. Inter-algal associations explained more variance in algal communities than environmental variables, and variation in composition and diversity was primarily derived from Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus and Cryptomonas, rather than nutrients. Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus were positively correlated with the genera of Chlorophyta and formed the hub of the algal association network. When the relative abundance of Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus increased from 0.41% to 13.74%, communities enriched in biomarkers of Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyceae and Cryptophyta transitioned to communities enriched in biomarkers of Chlorophyta. Moreover, negative associations between the Chlorophyta hub genera and other non-Chlorophyta genera increased. High concentrations of total phosphorus altered the composition of algal communities by increasing the abundance of Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus, which in turn had cascading effects through inter-algal associations. Additionally, algal communities with higher abundances of Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus were more susceptible to the effects of total phosphorus. Our study suggested that inter-algal associations, centred on Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus, had a greater influence on algal diversity and community structure than other factors. Nutrient levels were not a direct driver of algal diversity and community structure adjustments, but acted indirectly by enhancing the influence of Scenedesmus and Desmodesmus.

富营养化降低了浮游生物群落组成的可变性。然而,真核藻类群落多样性和结构调整的内在机制仍然未知。本研究分析了浅层富营养化湖泊中藻类群落的多样性和组成模式。研究还探讨了在非生物因素的影响下,关键藻属如何通过藻间联合的中介作用改变这些群落。与环境变量相比,藻类间的联系能解释更多的藻类群落变异,而组成和多样性的变异主要来自景天属(Scenedesmus)、苔藓属(Desmodesmus)和隐单胞菌(Cryptomonas),而不是营养物质。Scenedesmus 和 Desmodesmus 与叶绿藻属呈正相关,构成了藻类关联网络的枢纽。当 Scenedesmus 和 Desmodesmus 的相对丰度从 0.41% 增加到 13.74% 时,富含 Bacillariophyta、Chrysophyceae 和 Cryptophyta 生物标志物的群落过渡到富含 Chlorophyta 生物标志物的群落。此外,叶绿体枢纽类群与其他非叶绿体类群之间的负相关增加。高浓度的总磷增加了 Scenedesmus 和 Desmodesmus 的丰度,从而改变了藻类群落的组成。此外,景天属(Scenedesmus)和底栖苔属(Desmodesmus)丰度较高的藻类群落更容易受到总磷的影响。我们的研究表明,与其他因素相比,以 Scenedesmus 和 Desmodesmus 为中心的藻类间关联对藻类多样性和群落结构的影响更大。营养水平并不是藻类多样性和群落结构调整的直接驱动因素,而是通过增强 Scenedesmus 和 Desmodesmus 的影响而间接发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
Deployment of tethered gene drive for confined suppression in continuous space requires avoiding drive wave interference 在连续空间部署用于封闭抑制的系留基因驱动装置需要避免驱动波干扰
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17530
Ruobing Feng, Jackson Champer

Gene drives have great potential for suppression of pest populations and removal of exotic invasive species. CRISPR homing suppression drive is a powerful but unconfined drive, posing risks of uncontrolled spread. Thus, developing methods for confining a gene drive is of great significance. Tethered drive combines a confined system such as Toxin-Antidote Recessive Embryo drive with a strong drive such as a homing suppression drive. It can prevent the homing drive from spreading beyond the confined drive and can be constructed readily, giving it good prospects for future development. However, we have found that care must be taken when deploying tethered drive systems in some scenarios. Simulations of tethered drive in a panmictic population model reveal that successful deployment requires a proper release ratio between the two components, tailored to prevent the suppression drive from eliminating the confined system before it has the chance to spread. Spatial models where the population moves over a one-dimensional landscape display a more serious phenomenon of drive wave interference between the two tethered drive components. If the faster suppression drive wave catches up to the confined drive wave, success is still possible, but it is dependent on drive performance and ecological parameters. Two-dimensional simulations further restrict the parameter range for drive success. Thus, careful consideration must be given to drive performance and ecological conditions, as well as specific release proposals for potential application of tethered drive systems.

基因驱动在抑制害虫种群和清除外来入侵物种方面具有巨大潜力。CRISPR 归巢抑制驱动是一种功能强大但不受限制的驱动,存在失控传播的风险。因此,开发限制基因驱动的方法意义重大。系留驱动将毒素-抗毒素隐性胚胎驱动等封闭系统与归巢抑制驱动等强力驱动结合起来。它可以防止同源驱动力扩散到封闭驱动力之外,而且易于构建,因此具有良好的未来发展前景。然而,我们发现在某些情况下部署系留驱动系统时必须小心谨慎。在一个泛种群模型中对系留驱动系统的模拟显示,成功部署系留驱动系统需要两个部分之间有一个适当的释放比例,以防止抑制驱动系统在有机会扩散之前就被消灭。在种群在一维地形上移动的空间模型中,两个系留驱动成分之间的驱动波干扰现象更为严重。如果速度较快的抑制驱动波赶上了限制驱动波,成功还是有可能的,但这取决于驱动性能和生态参数。二维模拟进一步限制了驱动成功的参数范围。因此,必须仔细考虑驱动性能和生态条件,以及系留驱动系统潜在应用的具体释放建议。
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引用次数: 0
Signatures of convergence in Neotropical cichlid fish 新热带慈鲷的趋同特征
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17524
Mariana Leal-Cardín, Seraina E. Bracamonte, Javier Aldegunde, Isabel S. Magalhaes, Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García, Marta Barluenga

Convergent evolution of similar phenotypes suggests some predictability in the evolutionary trajectories of organisms, due to strong and repeated selective pressures, and/or developmental constraints. In adaptive radiations, particularly in cichlid fish radiations, convergent phenotypes are commonly found within and across geographical settings. Cichlids show major repeated axes of morphological diversification. Recurrent changes in body patterns reveal adaption to alternative habitats, and modifications of the trophic apparatus respond to the exploitation of different food resources. Here we compare morphologically and genetically two Neotropical cichlid assemblages, the Mexican desert cichlid and the Nicaraguan Midas cichlid, with similar polymorphic body and trophic adaptations despite their independent evolution. We found a common morphological axis of differentiation in trophic structures in both cichlid radiations, but two different axes of differentiation in body shape, defining two alternative limnetic body patterns. Adaptation to limnetic habitats implied regulation of immune functions in the Midas cichlid, while morphogenesis and metabolic functions in the desert cichlid. Convergent phenotypic adaptions could be associated to divergent gene regulation.

相似表型的趋同进化表明,由于强大而反复的选择压力和/或发育限制,生物的进化轨迹具有一定的可预测性。在适应性辐射中,特别是在慈鲷鱼的辐射中,在地理环境内和地理环境间通常会发现趋同的表型。慈鲷表现出形态多样化的主要重复轴。身体形态的反复变化显示了对其他栖息地的适应,而营养器官的改变则是对不同食物资源开发的回应。在这里,我们从形态学和遗传学角度比较了墨西哥沙漠慈鲷和尼加拉瓜米达斯慈鲷这两个新热带慈鲷群,尽管它们是独立进化的,但却具有相似的多态身体和营养适应性。我们发现这两种慈鲷在营养结构上有一个共同的形态分化轴,但在体形上却有两个不同的分化轴,定义了两种不同的湖泊体型。对湖泊栖息地的适应意味着Midas慈鲷对免疫功能的调节,而沙漠慈鲷则对形态发生和代谢功能的调节。趋同的表型适应可能与不同的基因调控有关。
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引用次数: 0
Sexually selected differences in warbler plumage are related to a putative inversion on the Z chromosome 莺羽色的性别差异与 Z 染色体上的假定倒位有关
IF 4.5 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17525
Peter O. Dunn, Nicholas D. Sly, Corey R. Freeman-Gallant, Amberleigh E. Henschen, Christen M. Bossu, Kristen C. Ruegg, Piotr Minias, Linda A. Whittingham

Large structural variants in the genome, such as inversions, may play an important role in producing population structure and local adaptation to the environment through suppression of recombination. However, relatively few studies have linked inversions to phenotypic traits that are sexually selected and may play a role in reproductive isolation. Here, we found that geographic differences in the sexually selected plumage of a warbler, the common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), are largely due to differences in the Z (sex) chromosome (males are ZZ), which contains at least one putative inversion spanning 40% (31/77 Mb) of its length. The inversions on the Z chromosome vary dramatically east and west of the Appalachian Mountains, which provides evidence of cryptic population structure within the range of the most widespread eastern subspecies (G. t. trichas). In an eastern (New York) and western (Wisconsin) population of this subspecies, female prefer different male ornaments; larger black facial masks are preferred in Wisconsin and larger yellow breasts are preferred in New York. The putative inversion also contains genes related to vision, which could influence mating preferences. Thus, structural variants on the Z chromosome are associated with geographic differences in male ornaments and female choice, which may provide a mechanism for maintaining different patterns of sexual selection in spite of gene flow between populations of the same subspecies.

基因组中的大型结构变异,如倒位,可能通过抑制重组,在产生种群结构和局部环境适应方面发挥重要作用。然而,相对较少的研究将倒位与性选择的表型特征联系起来,而性选择的表型特征可能在生殖隔离中发挥作用。在本文中,我们发现一种莺--普通黄喉(Geothlypis trichas)--的性选择羽色的地理差异主要是由 Z(性)染色体(雄性为 ZZ)的差异造成的,该染色体至少包含一个推定的反转,其长度占 40%(31/77 Mb)。阿巴拉契亚山脉以东和以西的 Z 染色体倒位差异巨大,这为最广泛分布的东部亚种(G. t. trichas)的隐性种群结构提供了证据。在该亚种的东部(纽约)和西部(威斯康星)种群中,雌性喜欢不同的雄性装饰品;威斯康星州的雌性喜欢较大的黑色面罩,而纽约的雌性喜欢较大的黄色胸部。推测的倒位还包含与视觉有关的基因,这可能会影响交配偏好。因此,Z染色体上的结构变异与雄性装饰品和雌性选择的地理差异有关,这可能提供了一种机制,使同一亚种的种群之间尽管存在基因流动,但仍能保持不同的性选择模式。
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Molecular Ecology
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