In order to explore the feasibility of using kitchen waste wastewater as a fermentation substrate to produce liquid potassium solubilizing bacterial fertilizer, Bacillus mucilaginosus was selected as the experimental strain, and the relevant growth factors were optimized using orthogonal and single factor methods. The results showed that after a 3-day adjustment period, Bacillus mucilaginosus entered a logarithmic growth phase when cultured in kitchen waste water, and the maximum viable bacterial count was reached at 6-7 days, The number of viable bacteria in Class I wastewater is 1.55 × 10 10 CFU/mL, Class II wastewater with a viable bacterial count of 6.60 × 10 10 CFU/mL. The optimal cultivation conditions determined by orthogonal experiments using Class II wastewater as the substrate were pH=7, temperature 30 ℃, shaking speed 160 r/min, and inoculation amount 2.0% (V/V). The pH and salt content of the wastewater had a significant impact on the growth and metabolism of Bacillus cereus: the optimal initial pH was 7 (with a viable bacterial count of 3.80) × 10 10 CFU/mL and 9.20 × 10 10 CFU/mL); With ρ The increase of (NaCl) leads to a rapid decrease in the number of viable bacteria, which is most suitable ρ The optimal inoculation amount for Class I and Class II wastewater with a NaCl concentration of 4 g/L. is 1.5% (with a viable bacterial count of 1.60), respectively × 10 10 CFU/mL) and 2.0% (6.40 viable bacteria) × 10 10 CFU/mL). Studies have shown that after cultivation in kitchen waste wastewater, Bacillus gelatinosus can reach the live bacterial count (2.0) of liquid microbial fertilizer in GB 20287-2006 "Agricultural Microbial Agents" × 10 8 CFU/mL), Class II wastewater treated with damp heat has a significant promoting effect on the growth of Bacillus cereus
Pub Date : 2017-03-25DOI: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.69
张明慧, 曹占平, 李松松
为了提高微生物对偶氮染料的降解效率，将电辅助引入微生物还原降解过程，对比研究了EAMS（电辅助微生物体系）、ECS（电化学体系）和MS（微生物体系）对偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B的降解效果，并考察了不同摩尔浓度的AQS（蒽醌-2-磺酸盐）对电微生物体系降解染料的强化作用.结果表明：反应24 h时，EAMS对活性艳红X-3B的去除率达到99.8%，比MS（去除率为61.9%）和ECS（去除率为27.1%）二者之和还要大10.8%；EAMS对活性艳红X-3B的降解过程符合一级反应动力学特征.当c（AQS）为0.050 mmol/L时，降解最快，一级动力学常数为1.962 h -1 ，是未添加AQS（0.2644 h -1 ）的7.42倍.加入AQS后，体系中电流升高，说明AQS加快了降解过程中电子传递速率.研究显示，AQS的加入实现了电极-远离电极的微生物-染料之间多相反应界面远程电子传递过程，使整个体系的微生物都可以快速发挥作用，达到强化降解偶氮染料.
In order to improve the degradation efficiency of azo dyes by microorganisms, electrical assistance was introduced into the microbial reduction degradation process. A comparative study was conducted on the degradation effects of EAMS (Electrical Assisted Microbial System), ECS (Electrochemical System), and MS (Microbial System) on the reactive brilliant red X-3B of azo dyes. The strengthening effect of AQS (Anthraquinone-2-sulfonate) with different molar concentrations on the degradation of dyes by the electrochemical microbial system was also investigated. The results showed that, after 24 hours of reaction, The removal rate of active brilliant red X-3B by EAMS reached 99.8%, which is 10.8% higher than the sum of MS (removal rate of 61.9%) and ECS (removal rate of 27.1%); The degradation process of reactive brilliant red X-3B by EAMS follows the first-order reaction kinetics characteristics. When c (AQS) is 0.050 mmol/L, the degradation is fastest, with a first-order kinetics constant of 1.962 h-1, which is 7.42 times that of the system without AQS (0.2644 h-1). After adding AQS, the current in the system increases, indicating that AQS accelerates the electron transfer rate during the degradation process. Research shows that:, The addition of AQS enables the remote electron transfer process at the multiphase reaction interface between the electrode, microorganisms far from the electrode, and dyes, enabling the microorganisms in the entire system to quickly exert their effects and achieve enhanced degradation of azo dyes
{"title":"蒽醌-2-磺酸盐强化电辅助微生物体系对偶氮染料的脱色效果","authors":"张明慧, 曹占平, 李松松","doi":"10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2017.01.69","url":null,"abstract":"为了提高微生物对偶氮染料的降解效率，将电辅助引入微生物还原降解过程，对比研究了EAMS（电辅助微生物体系）、ECS（电化学体系）和MS（微生物体系）对偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B的降解效果，并考察了不同摩尔浓度的AQS（蒽醌-2-磺酸盐）对电微生物体系降解染料的强化作用.结果表明：反应24 h时，EAMS对活性艳红X-3B的去除率达到99.8%，比MS（去除率为61.9%）和ECS（去除率为27.1%）二者之和还要大10.8%；EAMS对活性艳红X-3B的降解过程符合一级反应动力学特征.当c（AQS）为0.050 mmol/L时，降解最快，一级动力学常数为1.962 h -1 ，是未添加AQS（0.2644 h -1 ）的7.42倍.加入AQS后，体系中电流升高，说明AQS加快了降解过程中电子传递速率.研究显示，AQS的加入实现了电极-远离电极的微生物-染料之间多相反应界面远程电子传递过程，使整个体系的微生物都可以快速发挥作用，达到强化降解偶氮染料.","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"30 1","pages":"471-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to discuss the spatial transport delay of pollutants in the the Pearl River Delta (hereinafter referred to as the Pearl River Delta) in winter and its correlation with meteorology and geography, the weather map from December 1, 2014 to January 9, 2015, surface meteorological data of four typical cities in the Pearl River Delta - Shaoguan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and ρ (PM2.5), using methods such as time series and correlation analysis, analyzed the atmosphere of various cities in the winter of 2014 ρ The correlation characteristics of (PM2.5) changes and the influence of weather processes. The results show that during the study period, the typical weather processes controlled by 11 cold air southward and 3 southwest warm and humid air currents were observed in 4 typical cities ρ The time series trends of hourly mean and daily mean values (PM2.5) have consistency, and there is a significant difference between the four cities ρ The correlation (PM2.5) shows a phenomenon of Shenzhen and Hong Kong>Guangzhou and Shenzhen>Shaoguan and Guangzhou. In a typical weather process with cold air moving south, four cities ρ There is a significant correlation between the hourly mean (PM2.5), with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 between Shaoguan and Guangzhou, 0.80 between Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and 0.92 between Shenzhen and Hong Kong; Between 4 cities ρ There is a certain lag phenomenon in the change of (PM2.5), with Guangzhou delaying by 4 hours compared to Shaoguan, Shenzhen delaying by 3 hours compared to Guangzhou, and Hong Kong delaying by 1 hour compared to Shenzhen; In the typical weather process controlled by warm and humid airflow in the southwest, between the four cities ρ The correlation characteristics of (PM2.5) changes are not obvious. Studies have shown that pollutants in the Pearl River Delta region exhibit significant spatial transport delays during typical cold air southward movements in winter, and the correlation between concentration changes among typical cities is significant
Pub Date : 2017-01-25DOI: 10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2017.01.14
乔中霞, 何红弟, 杨斌, 邢小虎
以2012年3月-2014年2月香港葵涌港口大气ρ（O3）、ρ（NO2）和ρ（NOx）的小时均值为研究对象，运用多重分形去趋势互相关分析法，对香港港口近地面ρ（O3）与ρ（NO2）和ρ（NOx）相互作用的多重分形特征进行研究.结果表明：香港港口O3 vs NO2[ρ（O3）vs ρ（NO2），下同]的h（2）（广义Hurst指数）为0.80，O3 vs NOx[ρ（O3）vs ρ（NOx），下同]的h（2）为0.79，二者的h（2）均大于0.5，表明ρ（O3）与ρ（NO2）、ρ（NOx）间均存在显著的长程交叉相关性.港口ρ（O3）与ρ（NO2）、ρ（NOx）相互关系的多重分形特性在日际和季节上存在显著差异，其中夜晚的O3 vs NO2的Δα（分形强度指数）为0.92，O3 vs NOx的Δα为0.81，而白天二者的Δα分别为0.59和0.43，说明夜晚的多重分形特征明显强于白天；Δα为春季>夏季>秋冬，表明多重分形程度在春季最强，夏季次之，秋冬季最弱，可能与港口特殊的地理位置和气候条件有关.研究显示，在构建港口ρ（O3）的预测模型时，需要考虑不同的时间尺度、不同气象条件下ρ（O3）与ρ（NO2）、ρ（NOx）相关性的多重分形特征的差异性.
From March 2012 to February 2014, Hong Kong's Kwai Chung Port Atmosphere ρ (O3) ρ (NO2) and ρ The hourly mean of (NOx) is the research object, and the multifractal de trend cross correlation analysis method is used to analyze the near surface of Hong Kong ports ρ (O3) and ρ (NO2) and ρ The multifractal characteristics of (NOx) interactions were studied. The results showed that O3 vs NO2 in Hong Kong ports[ ρ (O3) vs ρ The h (2) (generalized Hurst index) of (NO2) is 0.80, O3 vs NOx[ ρ (O3) vs ρ The h (2) of (NOx) is 0.79, and the h (2) of both is greater than 0.5, indicating that ρ (O3) and ρ (NO2) ρ There is a significant long-range cross correlation between (NOx). Ports ρ (O3) and ρ (NO2) ρ There are significant differences in the multifractal characteristics of the relationship between (NOx) during the day and season, with O3 at night vs. NO2 Δα (Fractal strength index) is 0.92, O3 vs. NOx Δα Is 0.81, while during the day, both Δα The values are 0.59 and 0.43 respectively, indicating that the multifractal characteristics at night are significantly stronger than during the day; Δα The degree of multifractality is strongest in spring, followed by summer, and weakest in autumn and winter, which may be related to the special geographical location and climatic conditions of the port. Research shows that in constructing the port, the degree of multifractality is strongest in spring, followed by summer, and weakest in autumn and winter ρ When predicting (O3), it is necessary to consider different time scales and meteorological conditions ρ (O3) and ρ (NO2) ρ The difference in multifractal characteristics of (NOx) correlation
{"title":"香港港口近地面O 3 与氮氧化物浓度变化的多重分形特征","authors":"乔中霞, 何红弟, 杨斌, 邢小虎","doi":"10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2017.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2017.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"以2012年3月-2014年2月香港葵涌港口大气ρ（O3）、ρ（NO2）和ρ（NOx）的小时均值为研究对象，运用多重分形去趋势互相关分析法，对香港港口近地面ρ（O3）与ρ（NO2）和ρ（NOx）相互作用的多重分形特征进行研究.结果表明：香港港口O3 vs NO2[ρ（O3）vs ρ（NO2），下同]的h（2）（广义Hurst指数）为0.80，O3 vs NOx[ρ（O3）vs ρ（NOx），下同]的h（2）为0.79，二者的h（2）均大于0.5，表明ρ（O3）与ρ（NO2）、ρ（NOx）间均存在显著的长程交叉相关性.港口ρ（O3）与ρ（NO2）、ρ（NOx）相互关系的多重分形特性在日际和季节上存在显著差异，其中夜晚的O3 vs NO2的Δα（分形强度指数）为0.92，O3 vs NOx的Δα为0.81，而白天二者的Δα分别为0.59和0.43，说明夜晚的多重分形特征明显强于白天；Δα为春季>夏季>秋冬，表明多重分形程度在春季最强，夏季次之，秋冬季最弱，可能与港口特殊的地理位置和气候条件有关.研究显示，在构建港口ρ（O3）的预测模型时，需要考虑不同的时间尺度、不同气象条件下ρ（O3）与ρ（NO2）、ρ（NOx）相关性的多重分形特征的差异性.","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"17 10","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41265308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To obtain the horizontal concentration distribution characteristics of PM2.5, NO2, and CO on roads in Xi'an City, Xiaozhai and Qinling Ring Road were selected as representatives of urban and suburban roads in Xi'an City. The horizontal distribution monitoring method was used to obtain the horizontal concentration distribution characteristics of each road at 0, 15, and 50 meters away from the road edge ρ (PM2.5) ρ (NO2) and ρ (CO). The results indicate that compared to the Qinling Huanshan Road (hereinafter referred to as Qinling), the observation point of Xiaozhai in the urban area has ρ (PM2.5) ρ (NO2) and ρ (CO) are (88 ± 50) and (78.6 ± 29.8) respectively μ Both g/m3 and (1.5 ± 0.3) mg/m3 are higher than the mass concentrations of the three in the Qinling Mountains [55 ± 23) and (47.9 ± 19.8), respectively] μ G/m3 and (1.4 ± 0.1) mg/m3. In terms of spatial distribution, ρ (PM2.5) ρ (NO2) ρ (CO) The horizontal gradient distribution is obvious. Compared with the 0 m distance from the road edge, Xiaozhai ρ (PM2.5) decreased by 6.48% and 7.96% at distances of 15 and 50 meters from the road edge, respectively, while the Qinling Mountains decreased by 5.45% and 9.09%; Xiaozhai ρ (NO2) decreased by 8.57% and 14.29% at 15 and 50 meters, respectively, while the Qinling Mountains decreased by 15.45% and 24.89%; At a distance of 50 meters from the edge of the road, Xiaozhai ρ (CO) decreased by 25.00%, while Qinling Mountains decreased by 25.00% and 41.67% at distances of 15 and 50 meters from the road edge, respectively. Research shows that PM2.5, NO2, and CO from motor vehicle emissions have a significant distance effect on both sides of the road, and the horizontal decrease of observation points in suburban areas is more pronounced
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2016.12.21
Yi Yang, Pei Zhou, A. Lai
{"title":"Simulation of the transport of negative ions in air ventilation ducts and validation by experimentation","authors":"Yi Yang, Pei Zhou, A. Lai","doi":"10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2016.12.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2016.12.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"29 1","pages":"1913-1920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66255518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2015.01.06
De-yuan Wang, Jie Chen, Wen Wang, S. Ru
Fish species are being threaten by the high concentration of genistein in water bodies. It is urgent to explore the estrogenic effects and the mechanisms of genistein for aquaculture development and fishery resources protection. Mature individuals of male zebrafish were exposed to a range of concentrations of genistein( 1,10,100,1000 μg/L) for 28 days. The study was performed using real-time PCR as a readout to quantify the change in vitellogenin( Vtg-1) mRNA levels. ERα and ERβ1 mRNA levels were then quantified by realtime PCR to explore the action mechanism of genistein. Meanwhile,radioimmunoassay was used to detect the change of E2( 17β-estradiol)and testosterone levels in gonad of male individuals. The results showed that exposures to 10-1000 μg/L genistein led to dose-dependent increase in Vtg-1 mRNA. The transcriptions of ERβ1 mRNA were significantly stimulated,while the transcriptions of ERα mRNA were significantly inhibited when exposed to 1-1000 μg/L genistein. In addition,genistein treatments enhanced the levels of E2 and reduced the testosterone levels. The results suggest that genistein may enhance the synthesis of Vtg through increasing endogenous E2 and ERβ1 levels and thus improve the mediation of ERβ1 for endogenous E2.
{"title":"Induction Mechanism of Genistein on Vtg mRNA in Male Zebrafish( Danio rerio)","authors":"De-yuan Wang, Jie Chen, Wen Wang, S. Ru","doi":"10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2015.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2015.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Fish species are being threaten by the high concentration of genistein in water bodies. It is urgent to explore the estrogenic effects and the mechanisms of genistein for aquaculture development and fishery resources protection. Mature individuals of male zebrafish were exposed to a range of concentrations of genistein( 1,10,100,1000 μg/L) for 28 days. The study was performed using real-time PCR as a readout to quantify the change in vitellogenin( Vtg-1) mRNA levels. ERα and ERβ1 mRNA levels were then quantified by realtime PCR to explore the action mechanism of genistein. Meanwhile,radioimmunoassay was used to detect the change of E2( 17β-estradiol)and testosterone levels in gonad of male individuals. The results showed that exposures to 10-1000 μg/L genistein led to dose-dependent increase in Vtg-1 mRNA. The transcriptions of ERβ1 mRNA were significantly stimulated,while the transcriptions of ERα mRNA were significantly inhibited when exposed to 1-1000 μg/L genistein. In addition,genistein treatments enhanced the levels of E2 and reduced the testosterone levels. The results suggest that genistein may enhance the synthesis of Vtg through increasing endogenous E2 and ERβ1 levels and thus improve the mediation of ERβ1 for endogenous E2.","PeriodicalId":21108,"journal":{"name":"环境科学研究","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66255272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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