B. I. Buschmann, M. Cufari, N. Vanderloo, J. Vargas, B. C. Foo, A. DeVault, S. G. Dannhoff, T. E. Evans, T. M. Johnson, J. H. Kunimune, Y. Lawrence, J. A. Pearcy, B. L. Reichelt, C. W. Wink, L. Russell, M. Gatu Johnson, R. D. Petrasso, J. A. Frenje
Radiochromic film (RCF) and image plates (IPs) are both commonly used detectors in diagnostics fielded at inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics (HEDP) research facilities. Due to the intense x-ray background in all ICF/HEDP experiments, accurately calibrating the optical density of RCF as a function of x-ray dose, and the photostimulated luminescence per photon of IPs as a function of x-ray energy, is necessary for interpreting experimental results. Various measurements of the sensitivity curve of different IPs to x rays have been performed [Izumi et al., Proc. SPIE 8850, 885006 (2013) and Rosenberg et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90(1), 013506 (2019)]; however, calibrating RCF is a tedious process that depends on factors such as the orientation in which the RCF is scanned in the film scanner and the batch of RCF used. These issues can be mitigated by cross-calibrating RCF with IPs to enable the use of IPs for the determination of dose on the RCF without scanning the RCF. Here, the first cross-calibration of RCF with IPs to quasi-monoenergetic titanium, copper, and molybdenum K-line x rays is presented. It is found that the IP-inferred dose rates on the RCF for the Ti and Mo x rays agree well with the measured dose rates, while the IP-inferred dose rate for the Cu x rays is larger than the measured dose rate by ∼2×. Explanations for this discrepancy and plans for future work are discussed.
射电变色膜（RCF）和成像板（IP）都是惯性约束聚变（ICF）和高能量密度物理（HEDP）研究设施现场诊断中常用的探测器。由于所有 ICF/HEDP 实验都有强烈的 X 射线背景，要解释实验结果，就必须准确校准 RCF 的光密度与 X 射线剂量的函数关系，以及 IP 的每光子光刺激发光与 X 射线能量的函数关系。已经对不同 IP 对 X 射线的敏感性曲线进行了各种测量[Izumi 等人，Proc. SPIE 8850, 885006 (2013)和 Rosenberg 等人，Rev. Sci. Instrum.90(1), 013506 (2019)]；然而，校准 RCF 是一个繁琐的过程，取决于 RCF 在胶片扫描仪中的扫描方向和所使用的 RCF 批次等因素。这些问题可以通过将 RCF 与 IPs 进行交叉校准来缓解，从而无需扫描 RCF 即可使用 IPs 测定 RCF 上的剂量。这里介绍的是首次用 IP 对准单能钛、铜和钼 K 线 X 射线对 RCF 进行交叉校准。研究发现，钛和钼 X 射线在 RCF 上的 IP 推断剂量率与测量剂量率非常吻合，而铜 X 射线的 IP 推断剂量率比测量剂量率大 2 倍。本文讨论了造成这种差异的原因以及今后的工作计划。
{"title":"Characterization of the response of radiochromic film to quasi-monoenergetic x rays through a cross-calibration with image plates","authors":"B. I. Buschmann, M. Cufari, N. Vanderloo, J. Vargas, B. C. Foo, A. DeVault, S. G. Dannhoff, T. E. Evans, T. M. Johnson, J. H. Kunimune, Y. Lawrence, J. A. Pearcy, B. L. Reichelt, C. W. Wink, L. Russell, M. Gatu Johnson, R. D. Petrasso, J. A. Frenje","doi":"10.1063/5.0219340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219340","url":null,"abstract":"Radiochromic film (RCF) and image plates (IPs) are both commonly used detectors in diagnostics fielded at inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics (HEDP) research facilities. Due to the intense x-ray background in all ICF/HEDP experiments, accurately calibrating the optical density of RCF as a function of x-ray dose, and the photostimulated luminescence per photon of IPs as a function of x-ray energy, is necessary for interpreting experimental results. Various measurements of the sensitivity curve of different IPs to x rays have been performed [Izumi et al., Proc. SPIE 8850, 885006 (2013) and Rosenberg et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90(1), 013506 (2019)]; however, calibrating RCF is a tedious process that depends on factors such as the orientation in which the RCF is scanned in the film scanner and the batch of RCF used. These issues can be mitigated by cross-calibrating RCF with IPs to enable the use of IPs for the determination of dose on the RCF without scanning the RCF. Here, the first cross-calibration of RCF with IPs to quasi-monoenergetic titanium, copper, and molybdenum K-line x rays is presented. It is found that the IP-inferred dose rates on the RCF for the Ti and Mo x rays agree well with the measured dose rates, while the IP-inferred dose rate for the Cu x rays is larger than the measured dose rate by ∼2×. Explanations for this discrepancy and plans for future work are discussed.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. L. Le, N. L. Chen, M. Jiang, C. Le Bris, C. Charrière, S. Boyé-Péronne, J.-C. Loison, U. Jacovella, B. Gans
The VUv Laser for Considering Astrophysical and Isolated Molecules (VULCAIMs) setup [Harper et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24, 2777 (2022)] integrates a narrow-bandwidth tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) nanosecond-pulsed laser system (6–16 eV) and a photoelectron spectrometer, designed for recording high-spectral-resolution (rotationally resolved) photoelectron spectra of gas-phase free radicals. This approach usually needs beforehand medium-resolution synchrotron data to guide the selection of specific spectral regions to be investigated at higher resolution with the VULCAIM setup. We present an upgraded version of the VUV laser system integrating an optical parametric oscillator for continuously scanned medium-resolution measurements (<3 cm−1) across the whole VUV and XUV spectral ranges. This innovation enables broader coverage without the need to access synchrotron facilities. Furthermore, rapid mode switching allows for maintaining optimized radical production conditions from mid-resolution to high-resolution operation mode, enhancing spectroscopy capabilities significantly. The new capabilities of the VULCAIM setup are illustrated on two showcases of photoionization studies: the nitric oxide (NO) stable molecular species and the benzyl (C6H5CH2) free radical produced by pyrolysis.
{"title":"Exploring photoionization of gas-phase free radicals with a widely tunable VUV laser at moderate spectral resolution","authors":"H. L. Le, N. L. Chen, M. Jiang, C. Le Bris, C. Charrière, S. Boyé-Péronne, J.-C. Loison, U. Jacovella, B. Gans","doi":"10.1063/5.0217178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0217178","url":null,"abstract":"The VUv Laser for Considering Astrophysical and Isolated Molecules (VULCAIMs) setup [Harper et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24, 2777 (2022)] integrates a narrow-bandwidth tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) nanosecond-pulsed laser system (6–16 eV) and a photoelectron spectrometer, designed for recording high-spectral-resolution (rotationally resolved) photoelectron spectra of gas-phase free radicals. This approach usually needs beforehand medium-resolution synchrotron data to guide the selection of specific spectral regions to be investigated at higher resolution with the VULCAIM setup. We present an upgraded version of the VUV laser system integrating an optical parametric oscillator for continuously scanned medium-resolution measurements (&lt;3 cm−1) across the whole VUV and XUV spectral ranges. This innovation enables broader coverage without the need to access synchrotron facilities. Furthermore, rapid mode switching allows for maintaining optimized radical production conditions from mid-resolution to high-resolution operation mode, enhancing spectroscopy capabilities significantly. The new capabilities of the VULCAIM setup are illustrated on two showcases of photoionization studies: the nitric oxide (NO) stable molecular species and the benzyl (C6H5CH2) free radical produced by pyrolysis.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yimin Lu, Erjie Yang, Jianhe Zhu, Shenghui Liu, Kunpeng Cui, Hang Guo, Liangbin Li
A stretching apparatus capable of conducting tensile tests over a broad strain rate range (10−3–250 s−1) and a wide temperature range (−75–250 °C) has been designed for polymeric materials, in particular the polymeric films. Specifically, this stretching apparatus can be combined with in situ ultrasmall-, small-, and wide-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS/SAXS/WAXS) measurements. The sample stretching is achieved through the synchronized rotation of rolls, powered by servo motors. The output electrical signal extracted from a torque sensor, when combined with the rotational speed of rolls and initial sample dimensions, enables the determination of the relationship between engineering stress (σ) and Hencky strain (ε). With the sample chamber and precise control loop, the prescribed temperature can be achieved using either hot airflow for heating or cold liquid nitrogen flow for cooling. By integrating this stretching apparatus with a high brilliance x-ray source at beamline BL10U1 in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and detectors featuring ultrafast acquisition rates, it becomes possible to monitor multiscale structure evolutions of polymeric samples under harsh conditions involving high-speed loading combined with varying temperatures.
针对聚合物材料，特别是聚合物薄膜，我们设计了一种拉伸仪器，能够在较宽的应变速率范围（10-3-250 s-1）和较宽的温度范围（-75-250 °C）内进行拉伸试验。具体来说，这种拉伸仪器可与原位超小型、小型和广角 X 射线散射（USAXS/SAXS/WAXS）测量相结合。样品拉伸是通过伺服电机驱动的轧辊同步旋转实现的。从扭矩传感器提取的输出电信号与轧辊转速和样品初始尺寸相结合，可确定工程应力（σ）和亨斯基应变（ε）之间的关系。利用样品室和精确的控制回路，可以通过热气流加热或冷液氮流冷却来达到规定的温度。通过将这一拉伸装置与上海同步辐射设施（SSRF）BL10U1 光束线的高亮度 X 射线源和具有超快采集速率的探测器相结合，可以监测聚合物样品在高速加载和温度变化等苛刻条件下的多尺度结构演变。
{"title":"A stretching apparatus with broad strain rate and temperature ranges for in-situ x-ray scattering measurements of polymers","authors":"Yimin Lu, Erjie Yang, Jianhe Zhu, Shenghui Liu, Kunpeng Cui, Hang Guo, Liangbin Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0201598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201598","url":null,"abstract":"A stretching apparatus capable of conducting tensile tests over a broad strain rate range (10−3–250 s−1) and a wide temperature range (−75–250 °C) has been designed for polymeric materials, in particular the polymeric films. Specifically, this stretching apparatus can be combined with in situ ultrasmall-, small-, and wide-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS/SAXS/WAXS) measurements. The sample stretching is achieved through the synchronized rotation of rolls, powered by servo motors. The output electrical signal extracted from a torque sensor, when combined with the rotational speed of rolls and initial sample dimensions, enables the determination of the relationship between engineering stress (σ) and Hencky strain (ε). With the sample chamber and precise control loop, the prescribed temperature can be achieved using either hot airflow for heating or cold liquid nitrogen flow for cooling. By integrating this stretching apparatus with a high brilliance x-ray source at beamline BL10U1 in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and detectors featuring ultrafast acquisition rates, it becomes possible to monitor multiscale structure evolutions of polymeric samples under harsh conditions involving high-speed loading combined with varying temperatures.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mora Durocher, Verena Geppert-Kleinrath, Christopher R. Danly, Carl H. Wilde, Gary J. Saavedra, Matthew S. Freeman, Valerie E. Fatherley, Emily F. Mendoza, Landon R. Tafoya, Petr L. Volegov, David N. Fittinghoff, Michael Rubery
The nuclear imaging system has been capturing neutron images of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) driven implosions for over a decade at the National Ignition Facility. This imaging system has evolved from one to three nearly orthogonal lines-of-sight, allowing for the study of three-dimensional shape characteristics of ignition shots. Limited-view tomography algorithms help visualize the burning hotspot in 3D and assess neutron source geometry using Legendre mode parameters. With its neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray image reconstruction capabilities, NIS has provided critical insight into mechanisms that have limited implosion performance, such as fill tube diameter for ignition-type targets. This comprehensive diagnostic suite opens a window into the shape characteristics of ignition shots and how symmetry affects ICF implosion performance. In more recent ignition shots, neutron yields have visibly increased. Analyzing the shape and size of the reconstructed neutron source has shown an expansion of the burn volume, which is indicative of more efficient alpha heating during the implosion process.
十多年来，国家点火装置的核成像系统一直在捕捉惯性约束聚变（ICF）驱动内爆的中子图像。该成像系统已从一条视线发展到三条近乎正交的视线，从而可以研究点火喷射的三维形状特征。有限视角层析成像算法有助于以三维方式观察燃烧热点，并利用 Legendre 模式参数评估中子源的几何形状。借助中子、伽马射线和 X 射线图像重建能力，NIS 对限制内爆性能的机制（如点火型目标的填充管直径）提供了重要的洞察力。这一全面的诊断套件为了解点火发射的形状特征以及对称性如何影响集成电路框架的内爆性能打开了一扇窗。在最近的点火发射中，中子产率明显增加。对重建中子源的形状和大小进行的分析表明，燃烧体积有所扩大，这表明内爆过程中α加热的效率更高。
{"title":"First look at neutron emission shape characteristics of ignition hotspots at the National Ignition Facility (invited)","authors":"Mora Durocher, Verena Geppert-Kleinrath, Christopher R. Danly, Carl H. Wilde, Gary J. Saavedra, Matthew S. Freeman, Valerie E. Fatherley, Emily F. Mendoza, Landon R. Tafoya, Petr L. Volegov, David N. Fittinghoff, Michael Rubery","doi":"10.1063/5.0219550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219550","url":null,"abstract":"The nuclear imaging system has been capturing neutron images of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) driven implosions for over a decade at the National Ignition Facility. This imaging system has evolved from one to three nearly orthogonal lines-of-sight, allowing for the study of three-dimensional shape characteristics of ignition shots. Limited-view tomography algorithms help visualize the burning hotspot in 3D and assess neutron source geometry using Legendre mode parameters. With its neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray image reconstruction capabilities, NIS has provided critical insight into mechanisms that have limited implosion performance, such as fill tube diameter for ignition-type targets. This comprehensive diagnostic suite opens a window into the shape characteristics of ignition shots and how symmetry affects ICF implosion performance. In more recent ignition shots, neutron yields have visibly increased. Analyzing the shape and size of the reconstructed neutron source has shown an expansion of the burn volume, which is indicative of more efficient alpha heating during the implosion process.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the increasing demands for active plasma control operations, in situ diagnostics are highly sought after. Tungsten plasma-facing components have been utilized in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) lower divertor since the 2023 campaign. Plasma radiation is a key parameter for plasma control, especially in radiation front control experiments. Therefore, the KSTAR infra-red video bolometer (IRVB) needs to be reconfigured into an in situ data streaming diagnostic. This requires comprehensive changes in both infra-red camera control and data analysis compared to the previous system. To ensure the stability of the reconfigured system, functional parts are grouped and separated into individual processes to protect camera acquisitions from errors in other processes. In addition, to enhance the speed of data streaming analysis, the analysis code has been optimized and converted into graphics processing unit (GPU) code. Besides the data streaming analysis, the system is also designed to support post-shot analysis with the entire frame data for the same shot to address frame drop issues encountered during data streaming. Radiation front control experiments with N2 gas seeding are successful results of the data streaming IRVB for its commissioning. This paper focuses on the development of the data streaming IRVB system.
{"title":"Data streaming infra-red video bolometer (IRVB) of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR)","authors":"Seungtae Oh, Yoonseong Han, Byron Peterson","doi":"10.1063/5.0218942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0218942","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing demands for active plasma control operations, in situ diagnostics are highly sought after. Tungsten plasma-facing components have been utilized in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) lower divertor since the 2023 campaign. Plasma radiation is a key parameter for plasma control, especially in radiation front control experiments. Therefore, the KSTAR infra-red video bolometer (IRVB) needs to be reconfigured into an in situ data streaming diagnostic. This requires comprehensive changes in both infra-red camera control and data analysis compared to the previous system. To ensure the stability of the reconfigured system, functional parts are grouped and separated into individual processes to protect camera acquisitions from errors in other processes. In addition, to enhance the speed of data streaming analysis, the analysis code has been optimized and converted into graphics processing unit (GPU) code. Besides the data streaming analysis, the system is also designed to support post-shot analysis with the entire frame data for the same shot to address frame drop issues encountered during data streaming. Radiation front control experiments with N2 gas seeding are successful results of the data streaming IRVB for its commissioning. This paper focuses on the development of the data streaming IRVB system.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. M. Hutchinson, G. Righi, P. M. Celliers, S. J. Ali, C. P. McGuire, T. Perez, A. M. Rasmus
We describe the details of a digital holographic microscopy diagnostic capable of quantifying both the topography and velocity of a km/s object with adjustable temporal sensitivity. This technique involves spatially multiplexing a double pulse reflected from a target with reference beams of precisely known temporal separation.
{"title":"Interframe-tunable ultrafast differential-displacement holography","authors":"T. M. Hutchinson, G. Righi, P. M. Celliers, S. J. Ali, C. P. McGuire, T. Perez, A. M. Rasmus","doi":"10.1063/5.0215907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215907","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the details of a digital holographic microscopy diagnostic capable of quantifying both the topography and velocity of a km/s object with adjustable temporal sensitivity. This technique involves spatially multiplexing a double pulse reflected from a target with reference beams of precisely known temporal separation.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aidan Edmondson, Ryan Albosta, Benedikt Geiger, Thomas Gallenberger, David Smith, W. W. Heidbrink, B. Stratton
Here, we present the design and first calibration results of a new single-channel Fast-Ion D-Alpha (FIDA) spectrometer to be employed at the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U). The Czerny–Turner-type spectrometer uses a custom-designed aspherical lens setup instead of mirrors and achieves excellent spectral resolution, with high photon throughput through a round-to-linear fiber bundle, and camera frame rates around 8.4 kHz. The spectrometer uses a blocking bar to avoid saturation effects of the cold D-alpha emission line and will allow for detailed studies of the fast-ion confinement in NSTX-U. Expected synthetic spectra predicted with the TRANSP and FIDASIM codes show that the spectral range from 648.5 to 658 nm will sufficiently cover halo, the red-shifted beam emission, and the blue-shifted portion of FIDA emission in NSTX-U, which is sufficient for fast-ion transport studies of co-rotating fast ions.
{"title":"High speed fast-ion D-alpha spectrometer for the NSTX-U tokamak","authors":"Aidan Edmondson, Ryan Albosta, Benedikt Geiger, Thomas Gallenberger, David Smith, W. W. Heidbrink, B. Stratton","doi":"10.1063/5.0219190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219190","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we present the design and first calibration results of a new single-channel Fast-Ion D-Alpha (FIDA) spectrometer to be employed at the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U). The Czerny–Turner-type spectrometer uses a custom-designed aspherical lens setup instead of mirrors and achieves excellent spectral resolution, with high photon throughput through a round-to-linear fiber bundle, and camera frame rates around 8.4 kHz. The spectrometer uses a blocking bar to avoid saturation effects of the cold D-alpha emission line and will allow for detailed studies of the fast-ion confinement in NSTX-U. Expected synthetic spectra predicted with the TRANSP and FIDASIM codes show that the spectral range from 648.5 to 658 nm will sufficiently cover halo, the red-shifted beam emission, and the blue-shifted portion of FIDA emission in NSTX-U, which is sufficient for fast-ion transport studies of co-rotating fast ions.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dž. Čamdžić, H. M. Johns, P. M. Kozlowski, A. Elshafiey, C. J. Fontes, T. Byvank, T. J. Urbatsch, C. L. Fryer, D. H. Barnak, E. Feinberg, T. S. Perry, D. W. Schmidt, B. Y. Farhi, K. N. Love, N. S. Christiansen, J. Colgan, S. X. Coffing, J. Cowan, L. A. Goodwin, S. Edwards, F. Fierro, C. Wilson, R. B. Randolph, P. Donovan, T. Sedillo, J. Jorgenson, T. Morrow, V. A. Garcia, M. E. Sherrill, S. Finnegan, A. Marshall
Sophisticated tools such as computer vision techniques in combination with 1D lineout type analyses have been used in automating the analysis of spectral data for high energy density (HED) plasmas. Standardized automation can solve the problems posed by the complexity of HED spectra and the quantity of data. We present a spectroscopic code written for automated and streamlined analysis of spatially resolved x-ray absorption data from the COAX platform on Omega-60. COAX uses radiographs and spectroscopic diagnostics to provide shock position and density information. We also obtain the more novel spectral-derived spatial profile of the supersonic radiation flow into a low-density foam. Considerable effort has been spent modernizing our previous spectroscopic analysis method, including the development of new tools characterized by a faster runtime and minimal user input to reduce bias and a testing suite for verifying the accuracy of the various functions within the code. The new code analyzes our spectroscopic images in 1–2 min, with added uncertainty and confidence.
{"title":"A spectroscopic analysis code for spatially resolved x-ray absorption data from the COAX platform","authors":"Dž. Čamdžić, H. M. Johns, P. M. Kozlowski, A. Elshafiey, C. J. Fontes, T. Byvank, T. J. Urbatsch, C. L. Fryer, D. H. Barnak, E. Feinberg, T. S. Perry, D. W. Schmidt, B. Y. Farhi, K. N. Love, N. S. Christiansen, J. Colgan, S. X. Coffing, J. Cowan, L. A. Goodwin, S. Edwards, F. Fierro, C. Wilson, R. B. Randolph, P. Donovan, T. Sedillo, J. Jorgenson, T. Morrow, V. A. Garcia, M. E. Sherrill, S. Finnegan, A. Marshall","doi":"10.1063/5.0219172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219172","url":null,"abstract":"Sophisticated tools such as computer vision techniques in combination with 1D lineout type analyses have been used in automating the analysis of spectral data for high energy density (HED) plasmas. Standardized automation can solve the problems posed by the complexity of HED spectra and the quantity of data. We present a spectroscopic code written for automated and streamlined analysis of spatially resolved x-ray absorption data from the COAX platform on Omega-60. COAX uses radiographs and spectroscopic diagnostics to provide shock position and density information. We also obtain the more novel spectral-derived spatial profile of the supersonic radiation flow into a low-density foam. Considerable effort has been spent modernizing our previous spectroscopic analysis method, including the development of new tools characterized by a faster runtime and minimal user input to reduce bias and a testing suite for verifying the accuracy of the various functions within the code. The new code analyzes our spectroscopic images in 1–2 min, with added uncertainty and confidence.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible antennas are widely used in mobile communications, the Internet of Things, personalized medicine, aerospace, and military technologies due to their superior performance in terms of adaptability, impact resistance, high degree of freedom, miniaturization of structures, and cost-effectiveness. With excellent flexibility and portability, these antennas are now being integrated into paper, textiles, and even the human body to withstand the various mechanical stresses of daily life without compromising their performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and current development of flexible antennas, systematically analyze the key performance factors of flexible antennas, such as structure, process, material, and application environment, and then discuss in detail the design structure, material selection, preparation process, and corresponding experimental validation of flexible antennas. Flexible antenna design in mobile communication, wearable devices, biomedical technology, and other fields in recent years has been emphasized. Finally, the development status of flexible antenna technology is summarized, and its future development trend and research direction are proposed.
{"title":"The effect of feed mechanisms on the structural design of flexible antennas, and research on their material processing and applications","authors":"Xueli Nan, Bolin Qin, Zhikuan Xu, Qikun Jia, Jinjin Hao, Xinxin Cao, Shixuan Mei, Xin Wang, Tongtong Kang, Jiale Zhang, Tingting Bai","doi":"10.1063/5.0206788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206788","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible antennas are widely used in mobile communications, the Internet of Things, personalized medicine, aerospace, and military technologies due to their superior performance in terms of adaptability, impact resistance, high degree of freedom, miniaturization of structures, and cost-effectiveness. With excellent flexibility and portability, these antennas are now being integrated into paper, textiles, and even the human body to withstand the various mechanical stresses of daily life without compromising their performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and current development of flexible antennas, systematically analyze the key performance factors of flexible antennas, such as structure, process, material, and application environment, and then discuss in detail the design structure, material selection, preparation process, and corresponding experimental validation of flexible antennas. Flexible antenna design in mobile communication, wearable devices, biomedical technology, and other fields in recent years has been emphasized. Finally, the development status of flexible antenna technology is summarized, and its future development trend and research direction are proposed.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianggang Hu, Jiancang Su, Bing Bai, Zengqiang Yu, Xiaogang Lu, Mei Li, Rui Li, Jie Cheng, Jiande Zhang, Shaotong Wu
Phase shifter (PS) is a key component of a phased array antenna (PAA) system, which controls the microwave phase and realizes the antenna beam forming and scanning. A ferrite PS (FPS) is a current-controlled PS that uses the ferrite’s gyromagnetic properties to realize phase shifting. It has the advantages of short phase switching time, low microwave loss, and high reliability and, therefore, has been widely used in low-power PAA systems. However, the power handling capability of the traditional Ku-band FPS is only a few kW, prohibiting FPS from being used in high-power microwave (HPM) PAA systems. Spurred by this concern, this paper proposes a new dual-toroid FPS structure with an external magnetic excitation. By optimizing the PS configuration, improving the integration process, and enhancing the performance of ferrite materials, a single FPS in the Ku band has reached the power handling capability of more than 300 kW with an insertion loss of less than −1.2 dB, the phase shift range of 0°–360°, the width less than 11.5 mm, and the ability of a one-dimensional array. The FPS has the potential to be used in the PAA of an HPM system, laying a foundation for the research of the HPM PAA system.
{"title":"Ku-band 300 kW high power ferrite phase shifter","authors":"Xianggang Hu, Jiancang Su, Bing Bai, Zengqiang Yu, Xiaogang Lu, Mei Li, Rui Li, Jie Cheng, Jiande Zhang, Shaotong Wu","doi":"10.1063/5.0211304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0211304","url":null,"abstract":"Phase shifter (PS) is a key component of a phased array antenna (PAA) system, which controls the microwave phase and realizes the antenna beam forming and scanning. A ferrite PS (FPS) is a current-controlled PS that uses the ferrite’s gyromagnetic properties to realize phase shifting. It has the advantages of short phase switching time, low microwave loss, and high reliability and, therefore, has been widely used in low-power PAA systems. However, the power handling capability of the traditional Ku-band FPS is only a few kW, prohibiting FPS from being used in high-power microwave (HPM) PAA systems. Spurred by this concern, this paper proposes a new dual-toroid FPS structure with an external magnetic excitation. By optimizing the PS configuration, improving the integration process, and enhancing the performance of ferrite materials, a single FPS in the Ku band has reached the power handling capability of more than 300 kW with an insertion loss of less than −1.2 dB, the phase shift range of 0°–360°, the width less than 11.5 mm, and the ability of a one-dimensional array. The FPS has the potential to be used in the PAA of an HPM system, laying a foundation for the research of the HPM PAA system.","PeriodicalId":21111,"journal":{"name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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