Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.rio.2025.100866
Zahra Sabzevari, Maryam Bahreini
Graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS) is a new method for enhancing Raman spectra based on chemical mechanisms. This article explores three different methods for producing graphene oxide-based substrates to enhance the Raman signal. The first substrate was prepared by spraying a graphene oxide suspension with distilled water onto a glass slide. The second substrate was prepared using graphene oxide powder and ethanol suspension and then sprayed onto a glass slide. The third substrate was prepared by spin-coating a graphene oxide suspension with distilled water onto a glass slide. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used to investigate the GERS effect on these three substrates. After depositing the R6G solution on the graphene-based substrates, the enhancement of Raman signals was compared. The experimental results showed that the Raman spectra were most enhanced using the substrate made by the third method.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of graphene-based substrates in GERS for rhodamine 6G detection","authors":"Zahra Sabzevari, Maryam Bahreini","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS) is a new method for enhancing Raman spectra based on chemical mechanisms. This article explores three different methods for producing graphene oxide-based substrates to enhance the Raman signal. The first substrate was prepared by spraying a graphene oxide suspension with distilled water onto a glass slide. The second substrate was prepared using graphene oxide powder and ethanol suspension and then sprayed onto a glass slide. The third substrate was prepared by spin-coating a graphene oxide suspension with distilled water onto a glass slide. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used to investigate the GERS effect on these three substrates. After depositing the R6G solution on the graphene-based substrates, the enhancement of Raman signals was compared. The experimental results showed that the Raman spectra were most enhanced using the substrate made by the third method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We apply a machine learning (ML) approach to predict the properties of glass optical diffusers fabricated by ablation-assisted nanosecond laser machining. This ‘indirect’ laser machining utilizes the interaction between the glass substrate and ablated fragments which are produced by nanosecond laser ablation of a metal plate. Therefore, the present ML models need to address these two different types of interactions. Through the proof-of-concept demonstration in the present case study, we show that fully connected neural network models, trained with a relatively small number of experimentally measured data, can reasonably predict the properties of glass optical diffusers fabricated by indirect laser machining. The results predicted by the ML models illustrate the effectiveness of combining indirect laser machining with ML models, which can be a powerful and highly flexible method for a wide range of applications.
{"title":"Predicting ablation-assisted nanosecond laser fabrication of glass optical diffusers by machine learning","authors":"Ryoma Kawaoto , Tomotaro Namba , Yukiyoshi Ohtsuki , Feng Yan , Takashi Nakajima","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We apply a machine learning (ML) approach to predict the properties of glass optical diffusers fabricated by ablation-assisted nanosecond laser machining. This ‘indirect’ laser machining utilizes the interaction between the glass substrate and ablated fragments which are produced by nanosecond laser ablation of a metal plate. Therefore, the present ML models need to address these two different types of interactions. Through the proof-of-concept demonstration in the present case study, we show that fully connected neural network models, trained with a relatively small number of experimentally measured data, can reasonably predict the properties of glass optical diffusers fabricated by indirect laser machining. The results predicted by the ML models illustrate the effectiveness of combining indirect laser machining with ML models, which can be a powerful and highly flexible method for a wide range of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rio.2025.100862
Zihan Zhang , Jia Mao , Yiyuan Pao , Linghao Zou , Hsin-Han Peng , Hsiang-Chen Chui
Polarization devices are essential components in optical systems, enabling the control and tuning of light polarization. Silicon carbide (SiC) stands out in this context due to its high refractive index, low absorption, and resistance to environmental conditions. In this work, we present the design, fabrication, and optical evaluation of SiC chiral lenses. The spiral patterns on the SiC wafer surface were fabricated using ultraviolet picosecond laser etching with both clockwise and counterclockwise orientations. The etching process achieved nanometer-scale depths with micrometer-scale pattern pitches. Optical simulations were performed and demonstrated good agreement with the experimental results. To assess the chiral performance of the fabricated lenses, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was employed. CD measures the differential absorption of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light in chiral structures. Here, SiC as a material for chiral lenses, leveraging its exceptional thermal stability, high breakdown field strength, and strong radiation resistance for enhanced durability and performance in high-power and high-temperature applications. Additionally, by optimizing etching patterns or applying surface coatings, SiC chiral lenses can be customized for specific wavelength applications. The proposed SiC chiral lenses achieved a CD value of 300 mdeg, demonstrating their potential for polarization control.
{"title":"Design and fabrication of a SiC chiral lens using spiral microstructures","authors":"Zihan Zhang , Jia Mao , Yiyuan Pao , Linghao Zou , Hsin-Han Peng , Hsiang-Chen Chui","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polarization devices are essential components in optical systems, enabling the control and tuning of light polarization. Silicon carbide (SiC) stands out in this context due to its high refractive index, low absorption, and resistance to environmental conditions. In this work, we present the design, fabrication, and optical evaluation of SiC chiral lenses. The spiral patterns on the SiC wafer surface were fabricated using ultraviolet picosecond laser etching with both clockwise and counterclockwise orientations. The etching process achieved nanometer-scale depths with micrometer-scale pattern pitches. Optical simulations were performed and demonstrated good agreement with the experimental results. To assess the chiral performance of the fabricated lenses, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was employed. CD measures the differential absorption of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light in chiral structures. Here, SiC as a material for chiral lenses, leveraging its exceptional thermal stability, high breakdown field strength, and strong radiation resistance for enhanced durability and performance in high-power and high-temperature applications. Additionally, by optimizing etching patterns or applying surface coatings, SiC chiral lenses can be customized for specific wavelength applications. The proposed SiC chiral lenses achieved a CD value of 300 mdeg, demonstrating their potential for polarization control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.rio.2025.100861
Rui G. Marques Araújo , Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas , João Filipe Pereira Fernandes , Rui J. Tomás Oliveira , Catarina P. Correia V. Bernardo , João Paulo N. Torres
As photovoltaic solar technology plays a pivotal role in the transition to renewable energy, concerns about long-term performance still persist. This research aims to investigate and model the ageing effects in photovoltaic solar cells, defining power and voltage degradation coefficients. Monocrystalline modules from two different manufactures are tested. The objective is to provide quantitative insights into performance decline over time, offering guidance for improving photovoltaic system reliability. Photovoltaic solar cells are subjected to accelerated ageing tests considering high temperature conditions to increase electron collisions, emulating long-term operation. It is verified that open-circuit and maximum power point present a logarithm decline trend over time. On the other hand, the accelerated temperature ageing tests allow us to apply the Arrhenius model, which also represents logarithm behaviour but with the temperature. This is used to predict real-world degradation trends. Results showed that maximum power output declines between 0.22% and 0.80% per year, depending on the manufacturer. Moreover, the presents a faster degradation rate, decreasing 10% in approximately 4 years. The model results present high coefficients of determination, confirming the strong correlation between empirical data and theoretical models.
{"title":"Experimental determination of Arrhenius degradation coefficients for monocrystalline photovoltaic solar cells","authors":"Rui G. Marques Araújo , Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas , João Filipe Pereira Fernandes , Rui J. Tomás Oliveira , Catarina P. Correia V. Bernardo , João Paulo N. Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As photovoltaic solar technology plays a pivotal role in the transition to renewable energy, concerns about long-term performance still persist. This research aims to investigate and model the ageing effects in photovoltaic solar cells, defining power and voltage degradation coefficients. Monocrystalline modules from two different manufactures are tested. The objective is to provide quantitative insights into performance decline over time, offering guidance for improving photovoltaic system reliability. Photovoltaic solar cells are subjected to accelerated ageing tests considering high temperature conditions to increase electron collisions, emulating long-term operation. It is verified that open-circuit and maximum power point present a logarithm decline trend over time. On the other hand, the accelerated temperature ageing tests allow us to apply the Arrhenius model, which also represents logarithm behaviour but with the temperature. This is used to predict real-world degradation trends. Results showed that maximum power output declines between 0.22% and 0.80% per year, depending on the manufacturer. Moreover, the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> presents a faster degradation rate, decreasing 10% in approximately 4 years. The model results present high coefficients of determination, confirming the strong correlation between empirical data and theoretical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conceptualize and theoretically explore a compact, tunable, and multifunctional device using graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). We model our device using an effective medium theory and apply a standard transfer matrix approach to calculate the reflectance spectrum at mid-infrared frequencies. Our theoretical analysis suggests that by carefully tailoring the properties of graphene, the dispersion profile of the HMM is switchable between ellipse and hyperbola, where two types (Type-I and Type-II) of hyperbolic dispersion profile can be obtained simultaneously: Type-I HMM is located in the wavelength range of to whilst Type-II HMM ranges from to . We show that by changing the chemical potential () of the graphene, the reflectance spectra of the device can be shifted to the shorter wavelengths. Our analysis also demonstrates that for a fixed , the reflectance spectra of the device can be further blue-shifted by increasing the number of graphene monolayers. Notably, we find that the reflectance spectra remain largely unaffected by the transverse polarization (TE/TM modes) of the incoming waves. We also test the transmission properties of two sub-wavelength slits through a straight section of the graphene-based metamaterial slab at , observing that our device is capable of resolving the deep sub-wavelength features at the output end of the slab. At , we also examine the propagation of light through a graphene-based magnifying hyperlens, achieving a three-fold image magnification at the output surface. Finally, we compare the calculated intensity profile for two-slits with the numerical simulation, finding good agreement between them. We believe that our proposed metamaterial-based multifunctional device would be a suitable candidate for creating imaging devices and tunable filters.
{"title":"Analysis of multifunctional graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials at mid-infrared frequencies","authors":"Oishi Jyoti , Md. Samiul Habib , Nguyen Hoang Hai , S.M. Abdur Razzak","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conceptualize and theoretically explore a compact, tunable, and multifunctional device using graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). We model our device using an effective medium theory and apply a standard transfer matrix approach to calculate the reflectance spectrum at mid-infrared frequencies. Our theoretical analysis suggests that by carefully tailoring the properties of graphene, the dispersion profile of the HMM is switchable between ellipse and hyperbola, where two types (Type-I and Type-II) of hyperbolic dispersion profile can be obtained simultaneously: Type-I HMM is located in the wavelength range of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> whilst Type-II HMM ranges from <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>. We show that by changing the chemical potential (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) of the graphene, the reflectance spectra of the device can be shifted to the shorter wavelengths. Our analysis also demonstrates that for a fixed <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, the reflectance spectra of the device can be further blue-shifted by increasing the number of graphene monolayers. Notably, we find that the reflectance spectra remain largely unaffected by the transverse polarization (TE/TM modes) of the incoming waves. We also test the transmission properties of two sub-wavelength slits through a straight section of the graphene-based metamaterial slab at <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, observing that our device is capable of resolving the deep sub-wavelength features at the output end of the slab. At <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, we also examine the propagation of light through a graphene-based magnifying hyperlens, achieving a three-fold image magnification at the output surface. Finally, we compare the calculated intensity profile for two-slits with the numerical simulation, finding good agreement between them. We believe that our proposed metamaterial-based multifunctional device would be a suitable candidate for creating imaging devices and tunable filters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100860"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rio.2025.100847
Eden Arbel , Noa Israel , Michal Belgorodsky , Yonathan Shafrir , Alona Maslennikov , Sara P. Gandelman , Georgi Gary Rozenman
This paper presents an innovative experiment and theoretical framework designed for senior-level undergraduate students to explore quantum state tomography and Bell inequality tests. The experiment utilizes pulsed laser light and a carefully engineered optical system to emulate quantum entanglement, enabling students to investigate foundational quantum phenomena using accessible laboratory tools. Through practical measurements and simulations, students reconstruct quantum states and analyze correlations indicative of entanglement and non-locality. The setup includes polarization analysis across multiple measurement bases and culminates in the measurement of Bell’s parameter using the CHSH test. By combining experimental emulation with computational analysis, this approach provides a compelling educational bridge between abstract quantum theory and hands-on experiments, highlighting the conceptual and practical relevance of quantum entanglement in modern physics.
{"title":"Optical emulation of quantum state tomography and bell test—A novel undergraduate experiment","authors":"Eden Arbel , Noa Israel , Michal Belgorodsky , Yonathan Shafrir , Alona Maslennikov , Sara P. Gandelman , Georgi Gary Rozenman","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an innovative experiment and theoretical framework designed for senior-level undergraduate students to explore quantum state tomography and Bell inequality tests. The experiment utilizes pulsed laser light and a carefully engineered optical system to emulate quantum entanglement, enabling students to investigate foundational quantum phenomena using accessible laboratory tools. Through practical measurements and simulations, students reconstruct quantum states and analyze correlations indicative of entanglement and non-locality. The setup includes polarization analysis across multiple measurement bases and culminates in the measurement of Bell’s parameter using the CHSH test. By combining experimental emulation with computational analysis, this approach provides a compelling educational bridge between abstract quantum theory and hands-on experiments, highlighting the conceptual and practical relevance of quantum entanglement in modern physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rio.2025.100892
Shaik Kareem Ahmmad , Kurapati Rajagopal , Nazima Siddiqui , Mohd Abdul Muqeet , Gouri R Patil , Ega Chandra Shekhar , P. Hima Bindu
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the dielectric constant (εr) of glasses with varying chemical compositions, utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) predictions and experimental validation. An AI model, trained on over 100 glass compositions, was employed to predict εr based on compositional inputs such as SiO2-Na2O-CaO-B2O3-Al2O3. For the first time, the BGT60TR13C radar sensor was adapted for non-contact dielectric constant measurements, offering a novel methodology for material characterization. To validate the AI predictions and sensor values, two additional experimental techniques were employed: an LCR meter for capacitance-based measurements and the parallel plate capacitor method. Results showed excellent agreement among all methods, confirming the reliability of AI predictions and the accuracy of the experimental techniques. Furthermore, the dielectric constant increased with higher concentrations of network modifiers and secondary network formers. This study highlights the integration of AI and advanced sensing technologies as a powerful hybrid framework for rapid and accurate material characterization, introducing the radar sensor as an innovative tool for dielectric measurements.
本研究利用人工智能（AI）预测和实验验证，对不同化学成分玻璃的介电常数（εr）进行了综合分析。通过对100多种玻璃成分进行训练的人工智能模型，可以根据sio2 - na20 - cao - b2o3 - al2o3等成分输入来预测εr。BGT60TR13C雷达传感器首次适用于非接触式介电常数测量，为材料表征提供了一种新的方法。为了验证人工智能预测和传感器值，采用了两种额外的实验技术：用于基于电容的测量的LCR仪表和平行板电容器方法。结果显示，所有方法之间的一致性非常好，证实了人工智能预测的可靠性和实验技术的准确性。此外，随着网络改性剂和次级网络形成剂浓度的增加，介电常数也随之增加。本研究强调了人工智能和先进传感技术的集成，作为快速准确表征材料的强大混合框架，将雷达传感器作为介电测量的创新工具。
{"title":"Dielectric constant of boro silicate aluminum glasses using AI and radar sensor","authors":"Shaik Kareem Ahmmad , Kurapati Rajagopal , Nazima Siddiqui , Mohd Abdul Muqeet , Gouri R Patil , Ega Chandra Shekhar , P. Hima Bindu","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the dielectric constant (ε<sub>r</sub>) of glasses with varying chemical compositions, utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) predictions and experimental validation. An AI model, trained on over 100 glass compositions, was employed to predict ε<sub>r</sub> based on compositional inputs such as SiO<sub>2</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O-CaO-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. For the first time, the BGT60TR13C radar sensor was adapted for non-contact dielectric constant measurements, offering a novel methodology for material characterization. To validate the AI predictions and sensor values, two additional experimental techniques were employed: an LCR meter for capacitance-based measurements and the parallel plate capacitor method. Results showed excellent agreement among all methods, confirming the reliability of AI predictions and the accuracy of the experimental techniques. Furthermore, the dielectric constant increased with higher concentrations of network modifiers and secondary network formers. This study highlights the integration of AI and advanced sensing technologies as a powerful hybrid framework for rapid and accurate material characterization, introducing the radar sensor as an innovative tool for dielectric measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.rio.2025.100859
Getnet Hagazi , Deribe Hirpo , Sintayehu Tesfa
In this paper, the authors investigate the coupling of the radiations generated by a non-degenerate three-level cascade laser and a parametric oscillator in a cavity coupled with a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir, using a beam splitter. They analyze the quantum statistical properties of the light superposed via the standard beam splitter with phase shift . When the beams of light superpose in phase () and operate above threshold, they demonstrate that the mean and variance of photon number increase initially and remain constant over time. They also show that these quantities significantly rise with the linear gain coefficient when more atoms are initially prepared in the top energy level, and, regardless of the initial atomic preparation, increase with the driving amplitude of the parametric oscillator. Furthermore, at steady state and above threshold, the authors reveal that the superposed radiation, despite exhibiting super-Poissonian statistics, displays non-classical photon number correlations due to strong cross-correlations between the cavity modes of the coupled systems.
{"title":"Phase dependence of non-classical photon number correlations in coupled optical processes","authors":"Getnet Hagazi , Deribe Hirpo , Sintayehu Tesfa","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the authors investigate the coupling of the radiations generated by a non-degenerate three-level cascade laser and a parametric oscillator in a cavity coupled with a two-mode squeezed vacuum reservoir, using a <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>:</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow></math></span> beam splitter. They analyze the quantum statistical properties of the light superposed via the standard beam splitter with phase shift <span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span>. When the beams of light superpose in phase (<span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>) and operate above threshold, they demonstrate that the mean and variance of photon number increase initially and remain constant over time. They also show that these quantities significantly rise with the linear gain coefficient when more atoms are initially prepared in the top energy level, and, regardless of the initial atomic preparation, increase with the driving amplitude of the parametric oscillator. Furthermore, at steady state and above threshold, the authors reveal that the superposed radiation, despite exhibiting super-Poissonian statistics, displays non-classical photon number correlations due to strong cross-correlations between the cavity modes of the coupled systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blurring is a fundamental constraint in images of an optical imaging system. It appears because of interactions of light with the applied optical system and therefore, deblurring depends on features of the optical imaging system. We applied the iterative restoration method of Richardson–Lucy on the image that was taken with a total-internal-reflection-fluorescence microscope and found it is a very efficient method in improving the contrast of images if, the signal level of fluorophore emission in an image is considered and in an area with a low signal level, the iteration number needs to be about three times more than the area with a high signal level.
{"title":"Image contrast restoration in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy","authors":"Samaneh Pahlevani, Batool Sajad, Sharareh Tavaddod","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blurring is a fundamental constraint in images of an optical imaging system. It appears because of interactions of light with the applied optical system and therefore, deblurring depends on features of the optical imaging system. We applied the iterative restoration method of Richardson–Lucy on the image that was taken with a total-internal-reflection-fluorescence microscope and found it is a very efficient method in improving the contrast of images if, the signal level of fluorophore emission in an image is considered and in an area with a low signal level, the iteration number needs to be about three times more than the area with a high signal level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1016/j.rio.2025.100853
Tarek A. Khalil , Hamdy M. Ahmed , Karim K. Ahmed , Homan Emadifar , Wafaa B. Rabie
The coupled system of the new nonlocal Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation is studied in this manuscript. The pulse propagation in an optical cable is depicted using this model. The improved modified extended tanh method is utilized in this work. Numerous solutions, including dark soliton, rational, periodic, singular periodic, hyperbolic, exponential, and Jacobi elliptic solutions, are offered by this method. We illustrate our discovered wave solutions’ uniqueness and significant addition to current research by contrasting them with the body of existing literature. Some of the retrieved solutions are displayed graphically using contour plots, 2D and 3D models. In addition, a comparison of 2D graphs for a few chosen coupled wave solutions is shown.
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