Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa indicates that 35 percent of pregnancies among 15-19-year (s)-olds were unplanned, unwanted, or untimed and that the teenagers’ relationships were unstable. Teenage pregnancy is a global problem especially in developing countries. Teenage pregnancy is associated with several social issues: poverty, low education levels, and the lack of awareness about sex and pregnancy prevention. The contributing factors for teenage pregnancy are multiple and complex categorised as socio-demographic, familial, cultural, and reproductive behaviour. Different literature reported that factors associated with teenage pregnancy include living in rural areas, not attending school, early marriage, lack of communication between parents and adolescents about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues, educational level of the teenagers and family history of teenage pregnancy. A scoping review was conducted from February 2021 to August 2021 using the following specific subject databases: Google scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and research gate. Special attention was paid to keywords during navigation to ensure consistency of searches in each database. English language, studies conducted in sub-Sahara Africa and articles published in the last 10 years (2011–2021), were the three limiters applied in the four databases. The researchers identified eight themes for inclusion in the findings. The themes fell into three major categories: individual related factors, family related factors and external factors. These themes reflect factors associated with teenage pregnancy. The review revealed that there are several risk factors that lead to teenage pregnancy. Therefore, there is urgency for strategic interventions aimed at improving teenage pregnancy through female education and sexual and reproductive health education must also be introduced or reinforced in schools. Policy makers, community leaders and school curriculum can act towards raising the age for marriage to after 20 years and make the methods of contraception accessible to teenagers. Qualitative techniques like focus group discussions in communities could be helpful in reflecting on the root cause of the problem.
{"title":"Exploring the enablers of teenage pregnancy in SubSaharan Africa (SSA): A scoping literature review","authors":"Simwanza rean niza, Mwamba Kalungwe, Karonga Thamary, Ekpenyong Mandu S, Nyashanu Mathew","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00265","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa indicates that 35 percent of pregnancies among 15-19-year (s)-olds were unplanned, unwanted, or untimed and that the teenagers’ relationships were unstable. Teenage pregnancy is a global problem especially in developing countries. Teenage pregnancy is associated with several social issues: poverty, low education levels, and the lack of awareness about sex and pregnancy prevention. The contributing factors for teenage pregnancy are multiple and complex categorised as socio-demographic, familial, cultural, and reproductive behaviour. Different literature reported that factors associated with teenage pregnancy include living in rural areas, not attending school, early marriage, lack of communication between parents and adolescents about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues, educational level of the teenagers and family history of teenage pregnancy. A scoping review was conducted from February 2021 to August 2021 using the following specific subject databases: Google scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and research gate. Special attention was paid to keywords during navigation to ensure consistency of searches in each database. English language, studies conducted in sub-Sahara Africa and articles published in the last 10 years (2011–2021), were the three limiters applied in the four databases. The researchers identified eight themes for inclusion in the findings. The themes fell into three major categories: individual related factors, family related factors and external factors. These themes reflect factors associated with teenage pregnancy. The review revealed that there are several risk factors that lead to teenage pregnancy. Therefore, there is urgency for strategic interventions aimed at improving teenage pregnancy through female education and sexual and reproductive health education must also be introduced or reinforced in schools. Policy makers, community leaders and school curriculum can act towards raising the age for marriage to after 20 years and make the methods of contraception accessible to teenagers. Qualitative techniques like focus group discussions in communities could be helpful in reflecting on the root cause of the problem.","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124827390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-04DOI: 10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00264
Bamgboye M Afolabi, Joseph Ayodeji Olamijulo, J. Agboeze
Introduction: Female infertility may not occur alone but could be associated with other health conditions. Overlooking these health conditions during clinical assessment of women who present with primary or secondary infertility may not bring desired results of achieved pregnancy. Objective: To determine the frequency and relative risks of certain chronic illnesses such as hypertension and diabetes, infectious diseases such as hepatitis and other gynecological diseases such as uterine fibroid and endometriosis in women with primary and secondary infertility taking into consideration their age groups and body mass index. Study design: This was a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary health care facility in Lagos Nigeria. Methods: Records of patients who consulted for the management of infertility were retrieved for analysis. Result: The overall prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cancer and asthma in all patients were 9.6%, 6.8%, 0.8% and 0.4% respectively. Among the infectious diseases, hepatitis B occurred most frequently at 19.1%, more among women with SI (28.0%) than PI (13.9%). The most prevalent gynecological diseases as co-morbidity were uterine fibroid (32.7%) and endometriosis (11.2%). Pooled analysis showed that there was a significant variation in the distribution of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (Pearson’s χ²=10.14, P-value=0.02) relative to age, no significant distribution of any disease relative to body mass index (BMI) in Kg/m2, significant distribution of intrauterine adhesion relative to age (years) and BMI among those with PI (Pearson’s χ²=9.80, P-value=0.04) but not in SI. Significant correlations were observed between infertility and hepatitis (r=0.17, P-value=0.006, 95% CI= 0.06, 0.36) and between infertility and fibroid (r=0.1868, P-value=0.003, 95% CI=0.07, 0.32). Conclusion: Through this study it is concluded that women with history of primary infertility are more at risk of diabetes, endometriosis and PCOS more than those with SI; conversely, those with SI are more at risk of hypertension, hepatitis, fibroid and adenomyosis. Gynecologists and fertility experts in sub-Saharan Africa should probe for these diseases in each patient who presents with infertility, after excluding male factor as contributing to female infertility. Early diagnosis of these diseases and others among infertile or sub-fertile women can minimize pain and reduce cost of hospitalization and also minimize the number of patients with unexplained infertility.
{"title":"Gynecological co-morbidity, chronic illnesses and infectious diseases among black African women with primary or secondary infertility: should we be worried about hepatitis?","authors":"Bamgboye M Afolabi, Joseph Ayodeji Olamijulo, J. Agboeze","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00264","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Female infertility may not occur alone but could be associated with other health conditions. Overlooking these health conditions during clinical assessment of women who present with primary or secondary infertility may not bring desired results of achieved pregnancy. Objective: To determine the frequency and relative risks of certain chronic illnesses such as hypertension and diabetes, infectious diseases such as hepatitis and other gynecological diseases such as uterine fibroid and endometriosis in women with primary and secondary infertility taking into consideration their age groups and body mass index. Study design: This was a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary health care facility in Lagos Nigeria. Methods: Records of patients who consulted for the management of infertility were retrieved for analysis. Result: The overall prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cancer and asthma in all patients were 9.6%, 6.8%, 0.8% and 0.4% respectively. Among the infectious diseases, hepatitis B occurred most frequently at 19.1%, more among women with SI (28.0%) than PI (13.9%). The most prevalent gynecological diseases as co-morbidity were uterine fibroid (32.7%) and endometriosis (11.2%). Pooled analysis showed that there was a significant variation in the distribution of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (Pearson’s χ²=10.14, P-value=0.02) relative to age, no significant distribution of any disease relative to body mass index (BMI) in Kg/m2, significant distribution of intrauterine adhesion relative to age (years) and BMI among those with PI (Pearson’s χ²=9.80, P-value=0.04) but not in SI. Significant correlations were observed between infertility and hepatitis (r=0.17, P-value=0.006, 95% CI= 0.06, 0.36) and between infertility and fibroid (r=0.1868, P-value=0.003, 95% CI=0.07, 0.32). Conclusion: Through this study it is concluded that women with history of primary infertility are more at risk of diabetes, endometriosis and PCOS more than those with SI; conversely, those with SI are more at risk of hypertension, hepatitis, fibroid and adenomyosis. Gynecologists and fertility experts in sub-Saharan Africa should probe for these diseases in each patient who presents with infertility, after excluding male factor as contributing to female infertility. Early diagnosis of these diseases and others among infertile or sub-fertile women can minimize pain and reduce cost of hospitalization and also minimize the number of patients with unexplained infertility.","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123901956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-20DOI: 10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00263
Background: Neonatal asphyxia may develop complications and may lead to death. This study aimed to know the incidence of complications of neonatal asphyxia within 24 hours after birth. Methods: This cohort study was performed from June 2015 to May 2016. The inclusion criteria were gestational age >28 weeks or birth weight >1000 grams and need positive pressure ventilation (with or without intubation) for 30 seconds or more. Neonates with major congenital anomalies and early-onset infection were excluded from the study. Subjects were followed up for 24 hours to identify any complications related to neonatal asphyxia. Further follow-up was done until the subject was discharged home or died during hospitalization. Complications of neonatal asphyxia monitored were central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract system, urinary tract system, hematology system, metabolic disorder, and electrolyte imbalance. An attending neonatologist or neonatology trainee performed a clinical assessment of complications, and a trained medical doctor did the data collection. We analyzed the incidence of neonatal asphyxia complication, mortality, and gestational age sub-analysis. A student t-test with a 95% significance level was used to analyze dichotomous data and regression analysis for correlation between the level of resuscitation and the number of complications. Results: There were 94 subjects included in the study. There was no significant difference in complications in sex, birth weight, gestational age, 1 and 5-minute Apgar score, and level of resuscitation. Seventeen (18.1%) of subjects had no complications. The incidence of complications was respiratory system 67%, hypoglycemia 37.2%, electrolyte imbalance 8.5%, CNS 6.4%, CVS and hematology system complications were 2.1%, and GIT 1.1%. Subjects with 1 organ complication were 48.9%, 2 complications, 3 complications and 4 complications were 24.5%, 7.4%, and 1.1% respectively. Lower gestational age had more complications (p: 0.025). There was weak correlation between level of resuscitation and number of complication (r2: 0.017, p: 0.22), for term (r2: 0.31; p: 0.27), preterm (r2: 0.31; p: 0.27), and very preterm (r2: 0.00; p: 0.98). Three out of five death cases occurred within first week. Conclusion: The most common neonatal asphyxia complication was respiratory distress which may lead to early neonatal death.
{"title":"Very early complications of neonatal asphyxia","authors":"","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00263","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal asphyxia may develop complications and may lead to death. This study aimed to know the incidence of complications of neonatal asphyxia within 24 hours after birth. Methods: This cohort study was performed from June 2015 to May 2016. The inclusion criteria were gestational age >28 weeks or birth weight >1000 grams and need positive pressure ventilation (with or without intubation) for 30 seconds or more. Neonates with major congenital anomalies and early-onset infection were excluded from the study. Subjects were followed up for 24 hours to identify any complications related to neonatal asphyxia. Further follow-up was done until the subject was discharged home or died during hospitalization. Complications of neonatal asphyxia monitored were central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract system, urinary tract system, hematology system, metabolic disorder, and electrolyte imbalance. An attending neonatologist or neonatology trainee performed a clinical assessment of complications, and a trained medical doctor did the data collection. We analyzed the incidence of neonatal asphyxia complication, mortality, and gestational age sub-analysis. A student t-test with a 95% significance level was used to analyze dichotomous data and regression analysis for correlation between the level of resuscitation and the number of complications. Results: There were 94 subjects included in the study. There was no significant difference in complications in sex, birth weight, gestational age, 1 and 5-minute Apgar score, and level of resuscitation. Seventeen (18.1%) of subjects had no complications. The incidence of complications was respiratory system 67%, hypoglycemia 37.2%, electrolyte imbalance 8.5%, CNS 6.4%, CVS and hematology system complications were 2.1%, and GIT 1.1%. Subjects with 1 organ complication were 48.9%, 2 complications, 3 complications and 4 complications were 24.5%, 7.4%, and 1.1% respectively. Lower gestational age had more complications (p: 0.025). There was weak correlation between level of resuscitation and number of complication (r2: 0.017, p: 0.22), for term (r2: 0.31; p: 0.27), preterm (r2: 0.31; p: 0.27), and very preterm (r2: 0.00; p: 0.98). Three out of five death cases occurred within first week. Conclusion: The most common neonatal asphyxia complication was respiratory distress which may lead to early neonatal death.","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126955474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00262
Gudisa Bereda
Alcohol intake during pregnancy is a major public health challenge because of the numerous deleterious effects on a developing fetus. A range of contextual and structural factors such as poverty, histories of trauma and violence, physical and mental health concerns, sociocultural and economic vulnerabilities, and child welfare involvement are influences the utilization of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Binge drinking; which means an intake of greater or equal to 5 drinks on a single occasion is the most hazardous pattern of alcohol drinking that can cause high blood alcohol concentration and injuries the unborn fetus by passing across the placenta. Fetal alcohol syndrome can be described by a specific pattern of abnormal facial features, growth retardation, and central nervous system abnormalities which frequently result in behavioral and/or cognitive disabilities. Teratogenic effects of fetal alcohol exposure may lead to actual and potential challenges, instantly after birth, at infancy, or even later, leading to anatomical abnormalities, behavioral problems, and mental impairment in life. Bilateral renal agenesis is occurred during the second month of pregnancy; if the pregnant women consume the alcohol heavily. The deformities of cardiac abnormalities demonstrated from prenatal alcohol exposure are plastic kidneys, dysplastic kidneys, ureteral duplications, hypoplastic kidneys, hydronephrosis, and horseshoe kidneys.
{"title":"Alcohol intake during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome","authors":"Gudisa Bereda","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00262","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol intake during pregnancy is a major public health challenge because of the numerous deleterious effects on a developing fetus. A range of contextual and structural factors such as poverty, histories of trauma and violence, physical and mental health concerns, sociocultural and economic vulnerabilities, and child welfare involvement are influences the utilization of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Binge drinking; which means an intake of greater or equal to 5 drinks on a single occasion is the most hazardous pattern of alcohol drinking that can cause high blood alcohol concentration and injuries the unborn fetus by passing across the placenta. Fetal alcohol syndrome can be described by a specific pattern of abnormal facial features, growth retardation, and central nervous system abnormalities which frequently result in behavioral and/or cognitive disabilities. Teratogenic effects of fetal alcohol exposure may lead to actual and potential challenges, instantly after birth, at infancy, or even later, leading to anatomical abnormalities, behavioral problems, and mental impairment in life. Bilateral renal agenesis is occurred during the second month of pregnancy; if the pregnant women consume the alcohol heavily. The deformities of cardiac abnormalities demonstrated from prenatal alcohol exposure are plastic kidneys, dysplastic kidneys, ureteral duplications, hypoplastic kidneys, hydronephrosis, and horseshoe kidneys.","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122351342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00259
Mp Joshi, BS Majagaiya, Huan-Ji Cheng, Jia-ning Yin, M. Chaudhary
Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory infectious disease in infants presenting with cough and/or wheeze and occurs most frequently in the winter months. Treatment of bronchiolitis by means of nebulization with inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilator such as salbutamol or ipratropium bromide considered an effective method. Usually, 0.9% normal saline used together with the medications mentioned above. However, there are studies showing that 3% hypertonic saline might be a better choice compared with the normal saline. Objective: Our main aim of this study is to determine the improvement of patient’s condition by comparing the length of hospital stay and improvement in clinical severity score (CS score) in infants with moderate bronchiolitis nebulized with 3% hypertonic saline or 0.9% saline. Methods: 124 patients were arranged randomly to nebulize either 3% hypertonic saline with salbutamol plus budesonide (Group 1) or 0.9% saline with salbutamol plus budesonide (Group 2) three times per day until conditions were stable enough for discharge (with a CS score below 3). We recorded the SC scores of each patient before and after the first nebulization every day. Outcomes, considered mainly as ①differences in the length of hospital stay from admission to time taken to reach CS score < 3; ②the change in CS score after the first nebulization every day. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 124 patients of them completed the study. Their mean age was 6.92±0.24 months (range, 3 to 12 months). The cases were diagnosed as moderate bronchiolitis with CS scores varying from 6 to 9. The mean length of hospital stay from admission to time taken to reach CS score <3 was 4.83 ±0.077 days for the whole subjects investigated, and it differed significantly between the two groups: 4.27±0.90 days in Group 1 and 5.39±0.610 days in Group 2. On the first day of treatment, the mean CS scores at baseline were 7.34±0.1 and 7.39±0.99 for Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. After the first nebulization, the CS scores decreased to 5.94±0.89 (SD-0.698) and 6.50±0.094 (SD 0.741) of Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The P value in both groups were less than 0.001, indicating statistically differences between CS scores before and after nebulization by both groups of solutions in the treatment of moderate bronchiolitis. However, the differences of the mean values and standard deviation (SD) results after nebulization in the two groups suggested a better treatment outcome of 3% hypertonic saline with salbutamol plus budesonide than 0.9% normal saline. There were no significant differences between the respiratory rate, heart rate, saturation and add-on therapy in the two groups. No adverse events noted in both groups. Conclusion: The curative effect of 3% hypertonic saline group was significant better in comparison with the 0.9% normal saline group in terms of the improvement of CS score and length of hospital stay. In conclusion, 3% hypert
{"title":"Outcome of treatment with nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution in infants hospitalized with moderate bronchiolitis","authors":"Mp Joshi, BS Majagaiya, Huan-Ji Cheng, Jia-ning Yin, M. Chaudhary","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00259","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory infectious disease in infants presenting with cough and/or wheeze and occurs most frequently in the winter months. Treatment of bronchiolitis by means of nebulization with inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilator such as salbutamol or ipratropium bromide considered an effective method. Usually, 0.9% normal saline used together with the medications mentioned above. However, there are studies showing that 3% hypertonic saline might be a better choice compared with the normal saline. Objective: Our main aim of this study is to determine the improvement of patient’s condition by comparing the length of hospital stay and improvement in clinical severity score (CS score) in infants with moderate bronchiolitis nebulized with 3% hypertonic saline or 0.9% saline. Methods: 124 patients were arranged randomly to nebulize either 3% hypertonic saline with salbutamol plus budesonide (Group 1) or 0.9% saline with salbutamol plus budesonide (Group 2) three times per day until conditions were stable enough for discharge (with a CS score below 3). We recorded the SC scores of each patient before and after the first nebulization every day. Outcomes, considered mainly as ①differences in the length of hospital stay from admission to time taken to reach CS score < 3; ②the change in CS score after the first nebulization every day. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 124 patients of them completed the study. Their mean age was 6.92±0.24 months (range, 3 to 12 months). The cases were diagnosed as moderate bronchiolitis with CS scores varying from 6 to 9. The mean length of hospital stay from admission to time taken to reach CS score <3 was 4.83 ±0.077 days for the whole subjects investigated, and it differed significantly between the two groups: 4.27±0.90 days in Group 1 and 5.39±0.610 days in Group 2. On the first day of treatment, the mean CS scores at baseline were 7.34±0.1 and 7.39±0.99 for Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. After the first nebulization, the CS scores decreased to 5.94±0.89 (SD-0.698) and 6.50±0.094 (SD 0.741) of Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The P value in both groups were less than 0.001, indicating statistically differences between CS scores before and after nebulization by both groups of solutions in the treatment of moderate bronchiolitis. However, the differences of the mean values and standard deviation (SD) results after nebulization in the two groups suggested a better treatment outcome of 3% hypertonic saline with salbutamol plus budesonide than 0.9% normal saline. There were no significant differences between the respiratory rate, heart rate, saturation and add-on therapy in the two groups. No adverse events noted in both groups. Conclusion: The curative effect of 3% hypertonic saline group was significant better in comparison with the 0.9% normal saline group in terms of the improvement of CS score and length of hospital stay. In conclusion, 3% hypert","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132039831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00257
Esraa AwadIbnldris Lameddeen, Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Yousif Fadlalla Hamedelnil, N. Abdelrahman, Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Background: Because syphilis is often asymptomatic, it might go unrecognized. Furthermore, infection transfer from mother to unborn child is a concern. Preventing poor pregnancy effects in relation with maternal infection by screening and treating women for syphilis throughout pregnancy. Aiming at exploring anti treponemal antibodies among pregnant women in Berber Teaching Hospital our study was implemented. Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital based study was performed at Berber Teaching Hospital in River Nile State. Encompassed pregnant women who attended Hospital. Following an explanation of the study's goal, 100 serum samples were taken, and data was collected from each respondent using an interview questionnaire, 100 blood samples were obtained to identify syphilis anti bodeis. All specimens were analyzed using the Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR), which was confirmed by an enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) (fortress diagnostics/UK). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 19) was used to manage informational gathered. Results: ELISA found 9% of syphilis positive patients, whereas RPR identified 10%.Age of respondents ranged between 16 to 43 years, 53 % of study participants categorized at (30 – 36 years) and 62 % at third trimester of gestational. The highest prevalence of syphilis was 4 % reported in age group (23 – 29 years) and 5% at third trimester. Conclusion: The syphilis sero-prevalence among pregnant women in the current research was 9% by ELISA and 10% by RPR. More precise and sensitive procedures, such as PCR, must be used to corroborate the findings
背景:由于梅毒通常是无症状的，它可能不被识别。此外，感染从母亲转移到未出生的孩子也是一个问题。通过在整个怀孕期间对妇女进行梅毒筛查和治疗，预防与孕产妇感染有关的不良妊娠影响。本研究旨在探讨柏柏尔教学医院孕妇抗密螺旋体抗体情况。方法:在尼罗河州的柏柏尔教学医院进行了一项横断面的、以医院为基础的研究。包括在医院就诊的孕妇。在解释了研究的目的之后，采集了100份血清样本，并通过访谈问卷从每个应答者那里收集数据，获得了100份血液样本以确定梅毒抗体。所有标本均采用快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)进行分析，并由酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)(堡垒诊断/英国)证实。使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS version 19)来管理收集到的信息。结果:ELISA检测阳性率为9%，RPR检测阳性率为10%。受访者的年龄在16岁至43岁之间，53%的研究参与者在(30 - 36岁)和62%在妊娠晚期。梅毒发病率最高的年龄组(23 - 29岁)为4%，妊娠晚期为5%。结论:本研究孕妇梅毒血清患病率ELISA为9%，RPR为10%。必须使用更精确和敏感的程序，如聚合酶链反应(PCR)来证实这些发现
{"title":"Seroprevalence of syphilis among Sudanese pregnant ladies in Berber city, Sudan","authors":"Esraa AwadIbnldris Lameddeen, Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Yousif Fadlalla Hamedelnil, N. Abdelrahman, Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00257","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Because syphilis is often asymptomatic, it might go unrecognized. Furthermore, infection transfer from mother to unborn child is a concern. Preventing poor pregnancy effects in relation with maternal infection by screening and treating women for syphilis throughout pregnancy. Aiming at exploring anti treponemal antibodies among pregnant women in Berber Teaching Hospital our study was implemented. Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital based study was performed at Berber Teaching Hospital in River Nile State. Encompassed pregnant women who attended Hospital. Following an explanation of the study's goal, 100 serum samples were taken, and data was collected from each respondent using an interview questionnaire, 100 blood samples were obtained to identify syphilis anti bodeis. All specimens were analyzed using the Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR), which was confirmed by an enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) (fortress diagnostics/UK). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 19) was used to manage informational gathered. Results: ELISA found 9% of syphilis positive patients, whereas RPR identified 10%.Age of respondents ranged between 16 to 43 years, 53 % of study participants categorized at (30 – 36 years) and 62 % at third trimester of gestational. The highest prevalence of syphilis was 4 % reported in age group (23 – 29 years) and 5% at third trimester. Conclusion: The syphilis sero-prevalence among pregnant women in the current research was 9% by ELISA and 10% by RPR. More precise and sensitive procedures, such as PCR, must be used to corroborate the findings","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115256412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: From the different Family planning methods available an intrauterine contraceptive device, IUCD is widely available and is highly effective in terms of safety and effectiveness. Despite this fact, there is low utilization of IUCD in Ethiopia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of intrauterine contraceptive device use and associated factors among women attending family planning services in selected public health centers in Kolfe Keraniyo Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021. Method: This facility based cross- sectional study was conducted among 399 women attending the FP clinics of randomly selected health centers in Kolfe Keraniyo Sub City, from June 15 to July 20, 2021.The data were collected with pretested questionnaire and entered to Epi-info version 7.2 and analyzed by using SPSS statistical software version 25. Descriptive analysis was done to describe the variables in frequencies, percentages, and mean with the standard deviation. Logistic regression analysis was also used to identify the presence of association between dependent and independent variables. 95% CI and P-value <0.05 were used to indicate the significance level. Result: A total of 399 women were included in the study (with response rate of 100%). The mean age of the participants was 29.8(SD±8.2). This study determined IUCD utilization among participants to be 14.8%. Factors associated with IUCD utilization among women attending family planning service were: Maternal age (AOR=3.1; 95%CI(2.07-7.36), Educational status of no formal education (AOR=0.35; 95%CI (0.01-0.40), future plan of fertility to limit birth (AOR=5.87, 95% CI :2.33-14.87), monthly income ≤600ETB (AOR=0.06; 95%CI(0.01-0.25), number of children alive (AOR=0.13; 95%CI(0.03-0.52) and wanting any more children (AOR=0.10; 95%CI(0.01-0.70) were significantly associated with IUCD utilization. Conclusion and recommendation: Age of the women, income and educational status were identified as factors increasing the likelihood of IUCD utilization. Therefore, to scale up the utilization of IUCD, empowering women, FP counseling and expanding female education should be undertaken.
{"title":"Magnitude of intrauterine contraceptive use and its associated factor among women attending family planning service, Cross sectional study","authors":"Mitiku Desalegn, Alemseged Basaznew, Dereje Bayissa, Tewoderos Shitemaw","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00256","url":null,"abstract":"Background: From the different Family planning methods available an intrauterine contraceptive device, IUCD is widely available and is highly effective in terms of safety and effectiveness. Despite this fact, there is low utilization of IUCD in Ethiopia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of intrauterine contraceptive device use and associated factors among women attending family planning services in selected public health centers in Kolfe Keraniyo Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2021. Method: This facility based cross- sectional study was conducted among 399 women attending the FP clinics of randomly selected health centers in Kolfe Keraniyo Sub City, from June 15 to July 20, 2021.The data were collected with pretested questionnaire and entered to Epi-info version 7.2 and analyzed by using SPSS statistical software version 25. Descriptive analysis was done to describe the variables in frequencies, percentages, and mean with the standard deviation. Logistic regression analysis was also used to identify the presence of association between dependent and independent variables. 95% CI and P-value <0.05 were used to indicate the significance level. Result: A total of 399 women were included in the study (with response rate of 100%). The mean age of the participants was 29.8(SD±8.2). This study determined IUCD utilization among participants to be 14.8%. Factors associated with IUCD utilization among women attending family planning service were: Maternal age (AOR=3.1; 95%CI(2.07-7.36), Educational status of no formal education (AOR=0.35; 95%CI (0.01-0.40), future plan of fertility to limit birth (AOR=5.87, 95% CI :2.33-14.87), monthly income ≤600ETB (AOR=0.06; 95%CI(0.01-0.25), number of children alive (AOR=0.13; 95%CI(0.03-0.52) and wanting any more children (AOR=0.10; 95%CI(0.01-0.70) were significantly associated with IUCD utilization. Conclusion and recommendation: Age of the women, income and educational status were identified as factors increasing the likelihood of IUCD utilization. Therefore, to scale up the utilization of IUCD, empowering women, FP counseling and expanding female education should be undertaken.","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129200920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00255
N. Hooja, S. Aseri
Background: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in pregnancy though common often goes undiagnosed till overt U.T.I. occurs. It leads to various maternal and fetal complications. Many factors influence its occurrence. The aim of the study was to evaluate socio-demographic risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Methods: A hospital based observational study done over one year in the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Urine of all the pregnant women was sent for complete microscopy and culture & sensitivity. Socio-demographic profile of all women was noted and data analysed. Results: Of the 450 women included in study, 8.22% had asymptomatic bacteriuria. It was significantly more in the less educated, in those residing in rural and semi-urban areas or belonging to socioeconomic group IV. Conclusion: All pregnant women must be universally screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria. In case it is not feasible, women with high risk factors should be identified and selectively screened.
{"title":"Evaluation of socio- demographic risk factors for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy","authors":"N. Hooja, S. Aseri","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00255","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in pregnancy though common often goes undiagnosed till overt U.T.I. occurs. It leads to various maternal and fetal complications. Many factors influence its occurrence. The aim of the study was to evaluate socio-demographic risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Methods: A hospital based observational study done over one year in the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Urine of all the pregnant women was sent for complete microscopy and culture & sensitivity. Socio-demographic profile of all women was noted and data analysed. Results: Of the 450 women included in study, 8.22% had asymptomatic bacteriuria. It was significantly more in the less educated, in those residing in rural and semi-urban areas or belonging to socioeconomic group IV. Conclusion: All pregnant women must be universally screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria. In case it is not feasible, women with high risk factors should be identified and selectively screened.","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117249523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00254
Kulvinder Kochar Kaur, G. Allahbadia, M. Singh
Earlier we reviewed how the Extra cellular vesicles (ECV) s might work as biomarkers in case of both female as well as male reproductive diseases that is inclusive of ART, besides the methods of obtaining the same. Here in extension of the same Li evaluated the ECVs obtained from the uterine fluid aspirated with observing small noncoding ribonucleic acids(sncRNA) that were identified from these ECV’s. Despite, their conclusions of this being the first study that exhaustively profiled sncRNA in endometrial ECV s from uterine fluid as well as isolated biomarkers of endometrial receptivity in addition to implantation the critiques have not accepted it with flaws of the study of utilization of only fresh embryo transfers (ET) for evaluation with current utilization of frozen ETs besides not attempting preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A), for distinguish ng euploid from aneuploid embryo s further in the fresh ETs as wella. Further it is accepted that once 3 euploid embryos transferred in case of 3 consecutive IVF <5% had chances of recurrent implantation failure((RIF) as well as further studies are required for establishment of these sncRNA from ECVs as biomarkers
{"title":"Utilization of cargo from extra cellular vesicles as a biomarker for endometrial receptivity for enhancement of implantation success during attempted IVF/ICSI- a short communication","authors":"Kulvinder Kochar Kaur, G. Allahbadia, M. Singh","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00254","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier we reviewed how the Extra cellular vesicles (ECV) s might work as biomarkers in case of both female as well as male reproductive diseases that is inclusive of ART, besides the methods of obtaining the same. Here in extension of the same Li evaluated the ECVs obtained from the uterine fluid aspirated with observing small noncoding ribonucleic acids(sncRNA) that were identified from these ECV’s. Despite, their conclusions of this being the first study that exhaustively profiled sncRNA in endometrial ECV s from uterine fluid as well as isolated biomarkers of endometrial receptivity in addition to implantation the critiques have not accepted it with flaws of the study of utilization of only fresh embryo transfers (ET) for evaluation with current utilization of frozen ETs besides not attempting preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A), for distinguish ng euploid from aneuploid embryo s further in the fresh ETs as wella. Further it is accepted that once 3 euploid embryos transferred in case of 3 consecutive IVF <5% had chances of recurrent implantation failure((RIF) as well as further studies are required for establishment of these sncRNA from ECVs as biomarkers","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116774383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00253
Maha Abdel Wanis
A narrative review was conducted to examine the increased use of telemedicine solutions during COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss the benefits of using telemedicine techniques in the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortalities. Telemedicine has evolved significantly in the past couple of years since the outbreak of COVID-19. One of the areas where telemedicine can save lives is though remote connection with a higher-level facility or more skilled service providers that can deal with emergency obstetric care. Telemedicine use in emergency obstetric care can significantly reduce maternal and neonatal mortalities and morbidities in remote and underserved areas, and in facilities that have poor trained service providers. The advantages of applying telemedicine solutions in complicated child births are to overcome long distances, geographic isolation, lack of services, and lack of skilled personnel. It’s cost-effective, and more important saves lives. Disadvantages are mainly related to technological infrastructure, availability of an Internet, hardware, financial incentives to on-call recipients of the cases, and their commitment. The main functionalities of the telemedicine solution to respond to emergency and complicated childbirth cases are proposed to include video conference between health professionals in underserved and specialized service delivery points, sensor’s data for electrocardiogram, cardiotocography, ultrasound, and patient data recording. It needs to come with a mobile application to be used by specialists to enable them respond to and manage the emergencies.
{"title":"Telemedicine solutions, a window of opportunity to bridge the gap in maternal and neonatal health services","authors":"Maha Abdel Wanis","doi":"10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ipcb.2022.08.00253","url":null,"abstract":"A narrative review was conducted to examine the increased use of telemedicine solutions during COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss the benefits of using telemedicine techniques in the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortalities. Telemedicine has evolved significantly in the past couple of years since the outbreak of COVID-19. One of the areas where telemedicine can save lives is though remote connection with a higher-level facility or more skilled service providers that can deal with emergency obstetric care. Telemedicine use in emergency obstetric care can significantly reduce maternal and neonatal mortalities and morbidities in remote and underserved areas, and in facilities that have poor trained service providers. The advantages of applying telemedicine solutions in complicated child births are to overcome long distances, geographic isolation, lack of services, and lack of skilled personnel. It’s cost-effective, and more important saves lives. Disadvantages are mainly related to technological infrastructure, availability of an Internet, hardware, financial incentives to on-call recipients of the cases, and their commitment. The main functionalities of the telemedicine solution to respond to emergency and complicated childbirth cases are proposed to include video conference between health professionals in underserved and specialized service delivery points, sensor’s data for electrocardiogram, cardiotocography, ultrasound, and patient data recording. It needs to come with a mobile application to be used by specialists to enable them respond to and manage the emergencies.","PeriodicalId":211817,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pregnancy & Child Birth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121104098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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