M. Airapetov, S. Eresko, A. Galustyan, A. Lebedev, P. Shabanov
BACKGROUND: The search for new ways to correct the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the alcohol withdrawal syndrome is an urgent and promising direction in the pharmacotherapy of alcoholism. The extract of Panax ginseng is of interest in relation to the correction of pathological behaviors caused by long-term alcohol consumption. With the help of behavioral tests, you can evaluate the features of various forms of behavior. AIM: To study the effect of Panax ginseng extract solution on the behavior of Danio rerio fish during the period of alcohol withdrawal after prolonged alcoholization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prolonged alcoholization was modeled by placing the fish in an aquarium with 0.3 ethanol solution for 14 days. After the abolition of ethanol, intraperitoneal injections of Panax ginseng root extract solution (0.3 mg / 1 g) were performed for 7 days. The behavior of fish was studied in the test Motor activity in a new place and after habituation. RESULTS: The article presents the results of the effect of Panax ginseng extract solution on the behavior of Danio rerio fish during the period of alcohol withdrawal after prolonged alcoholization. The time spent in sections in the Panax ginseng (0.3 mg / 1 g) injection group was restored to control levels compared to the alcohol withdrawal group of fish injected with saline. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the behavior of Danio rerio fish in the test Motor activity in a new place and after habituation was subject to changes, while the Panax ginseng extract recover the behavioral changes of the fish up to control indexes.
{"title":"The influence of the extract of Panax ginseng on the behavior of chronically alcoholized Danio rerio during ethanol withdrawal","authors":"M. Airapetov, S. Eresko, A. Galustyan, A. Lebedev, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf202219-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf202219-224","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The search for new ways to correct the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the alcohol withdrawal syndrome is an urgent and promising direction in the pharmacotherapy of alcoholism. The extract of Panax ginseng is of interest in relation to the correction of pathological behaviors caused by long-term alcohol consumption. With the help of behavioral tests, you can evaluate the features of various forms of behavior. \u0000AIM: To study the effect of Panax ginseng extract solution on the behavior of Danio rerio fish during the period of alcohol withdrawal after prolonged alcoholization. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prolonged alcoholization was modeled by placing the fish in an aquarium with 0.3 ethanol solution for 14 days. After the abolition of ethanol, intraperitoneal injections of Panax ginseng root extract solution (0.3 mg / 1 g) were performed for 7 days. The behavior of fish was studied in the test Motor activity in a new place and after habituation. \u0000RESULTS: The article presents the results of the effect of Panax ginseng extract solution on the behavior of Danio rerio fish during the period of alcohol withdrawal after prolonged alcoholization. The time spent in sections in the Panax ginseng (0.3 mg / 1 g) injection group was restored to control levels compared to the alcohol withdrawal group of fish injected with saline. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the behavior of Danio rerio fish in the test Motor activity in a new place and after habituation was subject to changes, while the Panax ginseng extract recover the behavioral changes of the fish up to control indexes.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76909395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Galstyan, T. Kolesnikova, Yurii M. Kositsyn, K. N. Zabegalov, Mariya A. Gubaidullina, Gleb O. Maslov, K. Demin, A. Kalueff
The zebrafish tail immobilization test is a relatively new method for analyzing zebrafish behavior, based on the paradigm of learned helplessness, when the animal is exposed to an uncontrollable stressor, and soon abandons all attempts to avoid the aversive stimulus, adopting a posture of immobility. As an aversive stimulus acts restraining fish tail in a viscose sponge, without restricting the mobility of the lateral fins and the front of the body. The zebrafish tail immobilization test is suitable for detecting depressive-like despair behavior in zebrafish, paralleling clinical apathy and lethargy in depression.
{"title":"Despair-like behavior in fish based on the zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"D. Galstyan, T. Kolesnikova, Yurii M. Kositsyn, K. N. Zabegalov, Mariya A. Gubaidullina, Gleb O. Maslov, K. Demin, A. Kalueff","doi":"10.17816/rcf202157-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf202157-162","url":null,"abstract":"The zebrafish tail immobilization test is a relatively new method for analyzing zebrafish behavior, based on the paradigm of learned helplessness, when the animal is exposed to an uncontrollable stressor, and soon abandons all attempts to avoid the aversive stimulus, adopting a posture of immobility. As an aversive stimulus acts restraining fish tail in a viscose sponge, without restricting the mobility of the lateral fins and the front of the body. The zebrafish tail immobilization test is suitable for detecting depressive-like despair behavior in zebrafish, paralleling clinical apathy and lethargy in depression.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77077487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. N. Zabegalov, D. Galstyan, T. Kolesnikova, Yurii M. Kositsyn, Mariya A. Gubaidullina, Gleb O. Maslov, K. Demin, S. L. Khatsko, A. Kalueff
The central pathological link in addictive states is the drug withdrawal syndrome. Usually, severe manifestations of the withdrawal syndrome are associated with reduced sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors (desensitization), lower density of receptors and impaired transport of neurotransmitters, and the rebound effect. Zebrafish is an effective tool in the study of classic withdrawal symptoms and special cases of withdrawal of other selected psychoactive drugs.
{"title":"Modeling the drug withdrawal syndrome in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"K. N. Zabegalov, D. Galstyan, T. Kolesnikova, Yurii M. Kositsyn, Mariya A. Gubaidullina, Gleb O. Maslov, K. Demin, S. L. Khatsko, A. Kalueff","doi":"10.17816/rcf202185-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf202185-191","url":null,"abstract":"The central pathological link in addictive states is the drug withdrawal syndrome. Usually, severe manifestations of the withdrawal syndrome are associated with reduced sensitivity of postsynaptic receptors (desensitization), lower density of receptors and impaired transport of neurotransmitters, and the rebound effect. Zebrafish is an effective tool in the study of classic withdrawal symptoms and special cases of withdrawal of other selected psychoactive drugs.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90610853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sekste, M. Airapetov, S. Eresko, E. Bychkov, A. Lebedev, G. P. Kosyakova, P. Shabanov
BACKGROUND: Orexin and its receptors are involved in the mechanisms of pathological craving for alcohol, but there is no unambiguous answer about the expression of the OX2R gene in the rat brain under conditions of alcohol addiction. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the level of OX2R mRNA in brain structures in rats under conditions of prolonged alcoholization and during the period of abstinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were alcoholized with 15% ethanol as the only source of liquid for 6 months. The rats were decapitated after chronic alcoholization, as well as on the 1st and 7th days of alcohol withdrawal. Samples of brain structures (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, ventral tegmental area) were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at 80C. Determination of the level of OX2R mRNA was carried out using the method of PCR-analysis. RESULTS: The level of ORXR2 gene expression significantly increased in the hippocampus on the 7th day of abstinence in relation to the group of intact animals and in relation to the group of chronically alcoholized rats. The level of OX2R mRNA in the prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area in animal groups of abstinence (1st and 7th days) did not change in relation to both alcohol and the intact animals. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the orexin brain system may represent a new potential therapeutic target for the prevention of relapse in alcohol withdrawal. Together with the previously obtained data it was concluded that orexin receptor antagonists can be used to reduce the pathological craving for alcohol.
{"title":"Level of mRNA of orexin receptors of second type (ORXR2) in conditions of chronic alcoholation in structures of the rat brain","authors":"E. Sekste, M. Airapetov, S. Eresko, E. Bychkov, A. Lebedev, G. P. Kosyakova, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf20161-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf20161-66","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Orexin and its receptors are involved in the mechanisms of pathological craving for alcohol, but there is no unambiguous answer about the expression of the OX2R gene in the rat brain under conditions of alcohol addiction. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the level of OX2R mRNA in brain structures in rats under conditions of prolonged alcoholization and during the period of abstinence. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were alcoholized with 15% ethanol as the only source of liquid for 6 months. The rats were decapitated after chronic alcoholization, as well as on the 1st and 7th days of alcohol withdrawal. Samples of brain structures (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, ventral tegmental area) were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at 80C. Determination of the level of OX2R mRNA was carried out using the method of PCR-analysis. \u0000RESULTS: The level of ORXR2 gene expression significantly increased in the hippocampus on the 7th day of abstinence in relation to the group of intact animals and in relation to the group of chronically alcoholized rats. The level of OX2R mRNA in the prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area in animal groups of abstinence (1st and 7th days) did not change in relation to both alcohol and the intact animals. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the orexin brain system may represent a new potential therapeutic target for the prevention of relapse in alcohol withdrawal. Together with the previously obtained data it was concluded that orexin receptor antagonists can be used to reduce the pathological craving for alcohol.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88510588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Litasova, V. V. Iljin, L. Myznikov, L. B. Piotrovskiy
The literature review is devoted to the generalization of publications on the toxicity of carbon nanostructures, which have recently been increasingly used in biological and pharmacological research, in medicinal chemistry with the prospect of being used in medicine. Analysis of the literature data shows that, despite a huge amount of work, there are no unambiguous conclusions about the toxicological characteristics of various types of carbon nanomaterials. The use of carbon nanostructures in medicine can be questioned due to the potentially adverse health effects of their use. To clarify the harmlessness, it is necessary to develop more effective tests on animals, taking into account the characteristics of each type of nanomaterial.
{"title":"Toxicology of carbon nanostructures. Part I. Spherical nanoparticles (fullerenes and nanoonions)","authors":"E. Litasova, V. V. Iljin, L. Myznikov, L. B. Piotrovskiy","doi":"10.17816/rcf2015-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf2015-15","url":null,"abstract":"The literature review is devoted to the generalization of publications on the toxicity of carbon nanostructures, which have recently been increasingly used in biological and pharmacological research, in medicinal chemistry with the prospect of being used in medicine. Analysis of the literature data shows that, despite a huge amount of work, there are no unambiguous conclusions about the toxicological characteristics of various types of carbon nanomaterials. The use of carbon nanostructures in medicine can be questioned due to the potentially adverse health effects of their use. To clarify the harmlessness, it is necessary to develop more effective tests on animals, taking into account the characteristics of each type of nanomaterial.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82030270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The state of hypoxia in natural conditions occurs in certain cases and is considered as a negative process in the overwhelming majority of cases. However, exogenous hypoxia is used as a factor of adaptation / preconditioning and training to the forthcoming hypoxic stress under some conditions, as well as increasing physical endurance and working capacity in normoxic conditions among specialists of various profiles. The mechanisms of adaptation to exogenous hypoxia have been studied in detail. Earlier in our studies, the value of artificial exogenous normobaric hypoxic hypoxia, which does not have a negative effect on the human body, was determined. AIM: The aim of this work was to determine hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) as a possible marker of adaptation to normobaric hypoxic hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 100 days, 6 test volunteers were continuously in a sealed residential test room based on the test bench of ASM JSC (St. Petersburg) in a state of normobaric hypoxic hypoxia (oxygen content 1220%). RESULTS: No clinically significant erythrocyte response to long-term exposure to normobaric hypoxic respiratory mixture was expectedly detected, although statistically significant fluctuations in the level of hemoglobin and the absolute number of erythrocytes were determined. When analyzing the HIF-1 concentration, qualitative data were obtained, characterizing a significant response (p 0.05) in the change in HIF-1 concentration during the observation period. Additionally, a Kendall consistency factor of 0.68 was calculated, suggesting a significant difference in HIF-1 concentration dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: The chosen mode of hypoxia can be used as a method of exogenous preconditioning.
{"title":"A promising method for the diagnosis of preclinical hypoxic state","authors":"A. Lyubimov, P. Khokhlov, E. Bychkov, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf20167-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf20167-74","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The state of hypoxia in natural conditions occurs in certain cases and is considered as a negative process in the overwhelming majority of cases. However, exogenous hypoxia is used as a factor of adaptation / preconditioning and training to the forthcoming hypoxic stress under some conditions, as well as increasing physical endurance and working capacity in normoxic conditions among specialists of various profiles. The mechanisms of adaptation to exogenous hypoxia have been studied in detail. Earlier in our studies, the value of artificial exogenous normobaric hypoxic hypoxia, which does not have a negative effect on the human body, was determined. \u0000AIM: The aim of this work was to determine hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) as a possible marker of adaptation to normobaric hypoxic hypoxia. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 100 days, 6 test volunteers were continuously in a sealed residential test room based on the test bench of ASM JSC (St. Petersburg) in a state of normobaric hypoxic hypoxia (oxygen content 1220%). \u0000RESULTS: No clinically significant erythrocyte response to long-term exposure to normobaric hypoxic respiratory mixture was expectedly detected, although statistically significant fluctuations in the level of hemoglobin and the absolute number of erythrocytes were determined. When analyzing the HIF-1 concentration, qualitative data were obtained, characterizing a significant response (p 0.05) in the change in HIF-1 concentration during the observation period. Additionally, a Kendall consistency factor of 0.68 was calculated, suggesting a significant difference in HIF-1 concentration dynamics. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The chosen mode of hypoxia can be used as a method of exogenous preconditioning.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75344236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feeding behavior includes both the satisfaction of metabolic nutrient requirements and the hedonic aspects of pleasure. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin increases motivation to food intake. In addition, by modulating the reward system, ghrelin enhances the rewarding properties of non-food stimuli. The dopaminergic mesolimbic system plays a key role in the mechanisms of reward. Ghrelin regulates the activity of this system by acting on several levels of brain organization. The hierarchy of ghrelin-sensitive neural networks, as well as afferent connections and reciprocal interactions between its components, mediating the effect of ghrelin on the process of motivation in metabolic and hedonic type of feeding are considered.
{"title":"Ghrelin-dependent mechanisms of food reward. Part 1. Ghrelin and dopamine","authors":"B. A. Reikhardt, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf20129-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf20129-54","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding behavior includes both the satisfaction of metabolic nutrient requirements and the hedonic aspects of pleasure. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin increases motivation to food intake. In addition, by modulating the reward system, ghrelin enhances the rewarding properties of non-food stimuli. The dopaminergic mesolimbic system plays a key role in the mechanisms of reward. Ghrelin regulates the activity of this system by acting on several levels of brain organization. The hierarchy of ghrelin-sensitive neural networks, as well as afferent connections and reciprocal interactions between its components, mediating the effect of ghrelin on the process of motivation in metabolic and hedonic type of feeding are considered.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88996842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir D. Dergachev, E. E. Yakovleva, E. R. Bychkov, L. B. Piotrovskiy, P. Shabanov
(S)-glutamic acid (glutamate) is the main excitatory mediator in the central nervous system, responsible for regulating of many physiological functions. Dysfunction of the glutamatergic system characterizes of many pathological conditions in neurology and psychiatry, and the aberrant function of glutamate receptors plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative processes. Glutamate is crucial for many aspects of normal brain function, including memory, learning, and motor planning. In addition, glutamate is involved in the regulation of the peripheral nervous and endocrine systems. Glutamate receptors are critically important molecules necessary for the physiological functioning of the brain: they modulate neurotransmission and regulate the strength of excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the nervous system. In this regard, the use of drugs that affect glutamatergic transmission has an impact on the most important processes of neuronal transmission. The research and development of pharmacological agents involved in the processes of glutamate transmission is a relevant task of modern neuropsychopharmacology and has a purpose to improve the effectiveness and safety of available glutamatergic molecules.
{"title":"Role of glutamate receptor complex in the organism. Ligands of NMDA receptors in neurodegenerative processes – a modern state of the problem","authors":"Vladimir D. Dergachev, E. E. Yakovleva, E. R. Bychkov, L. B. Piotrovskiy, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf20117-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf20117-28","url":null,"abstract":"(S)-glutamic acid (glutamate) is the main excitatory mediator in the central nervous system, responsible for regulating of many physiological functions. Dysfunction of the glutamatergic system characterizes of many pathological conditions in neurology and psychiatry, and the aberrant function of glutamate receptors plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative processes. Glutamate is crucial for many aspects of normal brain function, including memory, learning, and motor planning. In addition, glutamate is involved in the regulation of the peripheral nervous and endocrine systems. Glutamate receptors are critically important molecules necessary for the physiological functioning of the brain: they modulate neurotransmission and regulate the strength of excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the nervous system. In this regard, the use of drugs that affect glutamatergic transmission has an impact on the most important processes of neuronal transmission. The research and development of pharmacological agents involved in the processes of glutamate transmission is a relevant task of modern neuropsychopharmacology and has a purpose to improve the effectiveness and safety of available glutamatergic molecules.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89297624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Chamerion angustifolium has been popular among the people for many centuries as a substitute for tea and a mild sedative. Leaf infusions are used for neurosis, cephalgia, epilepsy and other neurological diseases. AIM: Was to experimentally confirm the cerebroprotective properties of Chamerion leaf infusions. METHODS: We used the methods of maximum electric shock, conditioned passive avoidance, and immobilization stress in rats and mice. RESULTS: Infusions of leaves experimentally revealed no anticonvulsant properties. Cerebroprotective properties were manifested in the preservation of the passive avoidance conditioned reflex after maximum shock and faster recovery of exploratory behavior. Distinct stress-limiting properties were revealed during immobilization stress in mice. Fermented leaves have been shown to be less effective than non-fermented ones. CONCLUSION: The data obtained confirm the presence of cerebroprotective properties of the infusion of Chamerion angustifolium.
{"title":"Some pharmacological propertyes of Chamerion angustifolium infusions","authors":"O. Barnaulov","doi":"10.17816/rcf201105-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf201105-112","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Chamerion angustifolium has been popular among the people for many centuries as a substitute for tea and a mild sedative. Leaf infusions are used for neurosis, cephalgia, epilepsy and other neurological diseases. \u0000AIM: Was to experimentally confirm the cerebroprotective properties of Chamerion leaf infusions. \u0000METHODS: We used the methods of maximum electric shock, conditioned passive avoidance, and immobilization stress in rats and mice. \u0000RESULTS: Infusions of leaves experimentally revealed no anticonvulsant properties. Cerebroprotective properties were manifested in the preservation of the passive avoidance conditioned reflex after maximum shock and faster recovery of exploratory behavior. Distinct stress-limiting properties were revealed during immobilization stress in mice. Fermented leaves have been shown to be less effective than non-fermented ones. \u0000CONCLUSION: The data obtained confirm the presence of cerebroprotective properties of the infusion of Chamerion angustifolium.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88333372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work is devoted to the analysis of scientific research on the prevention of infectious diseases by adaptogens, proposed by a prominent domestic toxicologist and pharmacologist Professor Nikolai Vasilyevich Lazarev and the school of scientists he created. The role of adaptogens (dibazol, Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea, Scutellaria Baicalensis) in creating a state of non-specifically increased body resistance (NSIBR according to N.V. Lazarev) for the prevention of viral diseases, including coronavirus infection, was evaluated. Analysis of the pharmacological properties of the synthetic adaptogen bendazol (dibazol) opened by N.V. Lazarev, showed that the drug has a number of positive properties: antiviral stimulates immunity to the attack of infectious agents, being an inducer of endogenous interferon; antiproliferative inhibits the replication of viruses inside the host cell; immunomodulatory corrects violations of the protective functions of the body. Dibazol also has a mild effect after vaccination, stimulating the production of immunoglobulins. These properties of dibazol make it possible to recommend it and herbal adaptogens (tinctures of Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea, Scutellaria Baicalensis) for the prevention of coronavirus infection.
{"title":"Adaptogens as potential drugs for prevention of infectious diseases","authors":"S. Vershinina, K. V. Yaremenko","doi":"10.17816/rcf20199-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf20199-104","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the analysis of scientific research on the prevention of infectious diseases by adaptogens, proposed by a prominent domestic toxicologist and pharmacologist Professor Nikolai Vasilyevich Lazarev and the school of scientists he created. The role of adaptogens (dibazol, Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea, Scutellaria Baicalensis) in creating a state of non-specifically increased body resistance (NSIBR according to N.V. Lazarev) for the prevention of viral diseases, including coronavirus infection, was evaluated. Analysis of the pharmacological properties of the synthetic adaptogen bendazol (dibazol) opened by N.V. Lazarev, showed that the drug has a number of positive properties: antiviral stimulates immunity to the attack of infectious agents, being an inducer of endogenous interferon; antiproliferative inhibits the replication of viruses inside the host cell; immunomodulatory corrects violations of the protective functions of the body. Dibazol also has a mild effect after vaccination, stimulating the production of immunoglobulins. These properties of dibazol make it possible to recommend it and herbal adaptogens (tinctures of Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea, Scutellaria Baicalensis) for the prevention of coronavirus infection.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85218207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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