Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral最新文献

Introduction

Dental caries represent a public health problem in both urban and rural areas of our Chile.

A simple method to evaluate cariogenic risk is the Cariogram. This consists of a computer program that measures etiological factors of dental caries disease, and shows graphically the potential cariogenic risk of a patient, providing information that allows prevention and treatment strategies to be implemented.

Objectives

This study aims to establish the association between Cariogram variables and history of dental caries in the population aged 15 to 64 years from Tortel Commune, XI region, Chile.

Materials and methods

Observational-analytical, cross-sectional study of a sample of 173 individuals.

The information was obtained by analysis of clinical records and Cariogram. The variables were analyzed by multiple linear regression (MLR) and logistic regression (LR) using Stata 11.0 statistical program.

Results

MLR analysis shows a significant relationship in model 1 (which only includes variables from the Cariogram Program, except for the use of fluoride) between Cariogram variables and history of dental caries, related diseases (P = .032), experience of caries (P = 0) and diet content (P = .031). In model 3 (the variable “age” is added), there is a significant relationship between history of caries and experience of caries (P = 0), gender (P = .007), and age (P = 0).

The LR showed a statistically significant relationship between history of caries > 10 and experience of caries (P = .002) in Model 1, and with age (P = 0) in model 3.

Conclusions

There is significant relationship between experience of caries, gender and age with history of caries > 10. Based on these results, the older the individual, the more accumulated damage can be found. This relationship was also found between experience of caries, related diseases and diet content with history of dental caries, when the age variable is not included in the model.

Objective

To determine the variation in the natural head positionon increasing the Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD) in patients who use removable dentures.

Patients and methods

An analytical, quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 elderly patients volunteers, carriers of removal full and partial (only with group V remaining) dentures seen in the Odontology Faculty of the University of Chile in 2011. An analysis was made of the head position in a sagittal direction to change the OVD, gradually increasing the occlusal height by 5, 10 and 15 millimeters, using standardized profile photographs of the natural head position. Hypothesis: The increase in the OVD is associated with a posterior rotation of the head.

Results

All the volunteers showed a change in the natural head position, posteriorly rotated to change the OVD. The ANOVA test showed that this change was not statistically different. There was a positive association between a gradual change in OVD and the degree of head rotation. The Pearson test showed a statistical association.

Conclusion

It could be concluded from the results that, the greater the increase in occlusal height, the greater is the posterior rotation of the head. The findings of this study support the concept that there is an anatomical integration between the different elements that make up the cranio-cervico-mandibular unit, acting together against the variation of one of its components.

Objective

Most crossover studies using fluoride dentifrice (FD) of standard concentration (1000-1500 ppm F) have empirically used a wash-out period of 7 days to remove the residual effect of the treatment. For higher concentrations of FD (5000 ppm F) the period is unknown, and a longer time may be required to remove fluoride (F) from saliva. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine if less than 7 days of wash-out would be sufficient to remove residual F in saliva after using 5000 ppm F FD.

Methodology

An in vivo study, blind analysis, was conducted on volunteers (n = 6) who brushed their teeth 3 times per day in the following sequence: a) initial or lead-in period of 3 days using placebo fluoride dentifrice (PD) (0 ppm F); b) using a high concentration FD (5000 ppm F) for 4 days; and c) wash-out using PD for 3 days. During the 3 periods, samples of non-stimulated and stimulated saliva were collected after fasting (one overnight period from the last brushing). Fluoride concentration was assessed in saliva using a fluoride specific electrode.

Results

F concentrations in saliva after discontinued use of FD (wash-out period of 2 and 3 days) were similar to baseline values. F concentrations did not differ between unstimulated and stimulated saliva.

Conclusion

A two day wash-out period using non-fluoridated dentifrice was sufficient to eliminate residual F in saliva after use of a high concentration F dentifrice. These results are also valid for standard concentrations of dentifrice.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory destructive disease that affects the tissue supporting the teeth, and is one of the most prevalent chronic infections in humans. It can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, intervening in the regulation of inflammatory responses affecting the IL-6 and C-reactive protein, and finally activates inflammatory cells and endothelial cells. This can lead to endothelial dysfunction.

Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse and can be an early manifestation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease, and should therefore be considered also as a potential warning sign for cardiovascular disease. The link between periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction is still under investigation and the information is very limited. There are risk factors (smoking, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease) shared by erectile dysfunction and chronic periodontitis that contribute to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this review is to provide plausibility between periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction and confounding variables between this relationship through a literature review.

This study was conducted in order to measure and compare the masticatory performance using the Manly Test in 2 groups of 18 people. The first group was formed by edentulous patients treated in the Universidad Mayor of Santiago, Chile, in 2012 with removable dentures, and the second group consisted of patients with complete natural dentition. In addition, the GOHAI questionnaire was also applied to determinate the level of satisfaction of the group of patients rehabilitated with complete dentures. The results showed that masticatory performance is much higher in individuals with complete natural dentition than in patients rehabilitated with complete dentures, with the difference being statistically significant. Patients with dentures indicated a low level of satisfaction with the use of their complete dentures, especially during masticatory function.

Objective

To determine the factors that influence job satisfaction of dentists in Chile, in the cities of Puerto Montt and Valdivia.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and August 2013. Two researchers (JI, VC) visited dentists working in the cities of Valdivia and Puerto Montt and asked them to answer a questionnaire about their level of job satisfaction (1-very dissatisfied to 7-very satisfied) as well as related intrinsic and extrinsic using the scale of Warr-Cook-Wall. Data were analyzed by simultaneous multiple-regression in which the linear response variable was job satisfaction and predictors were intrinsic/extrinsic factors, in order to detect those significantly associated (P < .05).

Results

A total of 171 questionnaires were completed by the dentists (91 female - 80 male), with a mean ± standard deviation age of 35.6 ± 10.7 years and seniority of 7.6 ± 8.0 years. They worked 22 ± 19 hours work in the public sector (51.5%), 10 ± 13 hours in contracted private practice (26.3%), and 10 ± 12 hours in private practice (22.2%). Overall job satisfaction level was 5.6 ± 1.1, with a significant difference for those working in their private practice (6.05 ± 0.84). This model explains 75% of job satisfaction, and the predictors were significantly associated with the amount of responsibility given, income, colleagues and fellow workers, physical working conditions, and opportunity to use abilities, the last one only in dentists from private clinics.

Conclusion

The dentists surveyed have a high level of job satisfaction, and this level was associated mostly by extrinsic factors. This information should be considered by prospective employers interested in job satisfaction of dentists.

Objective

To determine the empathetic orientation levels of 1st to 5th year Odontology students studying in the German Clinic Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad del Desarrollo (Santiago), taking into account the year and sex of the students.

Material and methods

Empathetic orientation was measured in the odontology students using the Jefferson Empathy Scale, Spanish version for Students (version S) validated culturally in Chile. The data on the levels analyzed were compared by means of a three-way variance analysis (Model III).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in empathetic orientation between the different years. It could be observed that females had higher levels of empathy compared to males.

Conclusions

Odontology students (independent of level and/or year) have a high level of empathetic orientation. Females have a higher level of empathetic orientation than males.

Periodontal disease results from infection by specific subgingival bacterial complexes organized in a biofilm. Biofilm protects bacteria and other microbial pathogens from host immune system defenses and from natural and artificial antibiotics. Patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis from Central and South American countries have similar microbiological profiles. In both entities, the most frequent periodontopathogens associated with periodontal disease in Latin American patients are Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Tannerella forsythia, Eikenella corrodens and gram negative enteric rods. Supplemental antibiotics to the mechanical periodontal treatment are prescribed to reduce periodontopathic bacteria in the subgingival environment. Nonetheless, some bacterial species have developed antibiotic resistance due to their indiscriminate prescription in Latin America. Quinolones represent a new alternative in periodontal therapy, due to their activity against periodontopathogens and gram negative enteric rods, to reduced bacterial resistance, high tissue penetration, and good absorption. The aim of this review is to present an update on the use of antimicrobials as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of periodontitis, focusing on the potential therapeutic use of moxifloxacin.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of agents toothpastes on the hydraulic conductance of dentin desensitizers “in vitro”. We selected 60 third molars healthy humans, recently extracted without occlusal contact, of patients between 15-30 years, which were cleaned, disinfected (Tymol 0.1% per 24 hours) and preserved at T atmosphere solution for a maximum of 14 days. The crowns were sectioned perpendicular to the tooth axis under abundant refrigeration, obtaining a disc of 1 mm +/-0.1 mm. thickness for each Crown. Disks were separated into the following three groups of treatment, of 20 discs each, which were brushings (brush electrical Oral-B Pro health Power) for 2 minutes only by your face occlusal with; a) Colgate^® Sensitive Pro relief with technology Pro arginine (Colgate-Palmolive, USA), b) Sensodyne^® quick-relief (GlaxoSmitheKline, UK), and c) distilled water as a negative control. The data were statistically analyzed by Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney tests. The results expressed in μl*cm⁻²*min⁻¹cm*H²O⁻¹as stockings, separated by group were; a) 0,00650 (±0.00384), b) 0,00800 (±0,00472), c) 0 and 03649 (±0,03042). You could be concluded with the study that two dentin desensitizers agents present significant decrease in hydraulic conductance in dentin. Statistically significant differences were found between the group control and Sensodyne^® fast relief (p = 0,000) and between group control and Colgate^® Sensitive Pro relief (p = 0,000). There was no difference between the two toothpastes (p = 0,317).

Objective

The purpose of this research was to study the tooth-restoration adhesive interface, using a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, 3M/ESPE, Germany), with the techniques of etching and self-etching using scanning electron microscopy.

Material and methods

Class V cavities were prepared in buccal and palatine/lingual surface, in human teeth. Etching with 37%H₃PO₄ was performed in the buccal cavity, with no etching being performed in the palatine or lingual cavity. The samples were placed in an oven at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 48 hours, simulating the oral environment. The samples were cut perpendicularly through the restoration and prepared to be observed by scanning electron microscopy, in order to evaluate the adhesive interface in relation to the presence of breaches and the formation of resin tags.

Results

Images were observed with a gradual increase to 2000×. Microstructural differences were observed in the penetration of the adhesive but with no formation of breaches in the adhesive interface.

Conclusions

An unbreached interface is obtained when using both techniques. In enamel, less penetration was present in the crystal structure of the adhesive with the self-etching technique. While in dentin, with the same technique, a less thick hybrid layer and shorter resin tags were observed.