Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral最新文献

Objective

To determine the need for periodontal treatment and oral hygiene in sixty- year-old adults belonging to the GES (Explicit Health Guarantees) program in Punta Arenas.

Material and methods

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in which 153 sixty-year-old GES patients were selected from municipal health centres in Punta Arenas, Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica. A simple random sample was used to select participants from each establishment. Patients were evaluated by a previously calibrated examiner (K = 0.84) through a visual clinical examination to determine the need for periodontal treatment through the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR), and the level of Oral Hygiene (O’Leary). Data were transferred to a Microsoft Excel worksheet and statistically analysed.

Results

All of the older adults needed periodontal treatment. Almost all (98.69%) of patients showed deficient oral hygiene.

Conclusion

All the 60-year-old GES patients in Punta Arenas have a need for periodontal treatment; all of them demonstrated extremely low indexes of oral hygiene, thus showing that this population does not have favourable oral health.

Surface conditioning prior to cementing is indicated to achieve a strong bond between metal-free ceramic restorations and resin cements. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the surfaces of Feldspathic ceramic and Lithium disilicate glass ceramic before and after being treated with two acid procedures. For this, 8 blocks of Feldspathic ceramic (A) and 8 of Ceramic lithium disilicate (B) were used. They were subdivided into two groups of 4 blocks (A1 and A2) and (B1 and B2). Groups A1 and B1 were treated with 9% Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) and the A2 and B2 groups, with 9% Hydrofluoric Acid followed by 35% Phosphoric Acid. Subsequently, they were observed using SEM (1,000 ×) and the images processed with the program Matlab R2012a, which measures the contrast. The statistics used were ANOVA test and the unpaired t test.

Results

9% Hydrofluoric Acid creates irregularities in both types of ceramics. When applying HF followed by Phosphoric Acid on Feldspathic ceramics, no differences in contrast were found, compared to using only HF. With ceramic lithium disilicate using both acids, there are fewer irregularities with respect to those treated with a single acid.

Conclusion

9% Hydrofluoric Acid creates micro-retentions in both ceramics. 9% HF followed by 35% Phosphoric Acid appears to significantly modify the Lithium disilicate glass ceramic contrast values. On the other hand, the Feldspathic ceramic showed no significant differences with both treatments.

The aim of this paper is to present a simplified protocol for immediate installation of a definitive prosthesis over four jaw implants. This was performed on a totally edentulous female patient of 72 years.

The treatment was initiated with the preparation of a conventional removable prosthesis until the dental articulation test from which a multifunctional guide was obtained.

At surgery, four Strong SW (SIN^®, Sao Paulo, Brazil) implants were installed between mental foramen. Mini-Abutments were screwed and the impression was made using the guide.

On the second day the metal structure was tested with the dental articulation in wax and on the third day the definitive prosthesis was installed with manual torque.

The suture was removed 10 days after surgery, and the torque was given to prosthetic screws (10 N/cm).

The patient was followed up every 6 months, with no complications so far.

Introduction

Tooth loss has become a problem of oral health.

Objective

To determine the prevalence and distribution of edentulism, as well as the associated sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables in subjects aged 35 and older.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 656 randomly selected subjects. The study included men and women aged 35 years and older attending dental care clinics at a public university in Mexico. Examiners were trained in filling out questionnaires and receiving training in order to standardise the criteria of tooth loss. The dependent variable was the presence of edentulism. The data were analysed using Stata 11.

Results

The mean age of the population was 49.06 ± 10.33 years, and the majority (63.3%) were women. The overall prevalence of edentulism was 15.7% (95% CI: 12.9–18.5%); the prevalence among women was 17.6% and the prevalence among men was 12.5% (P = .081). The prevalence of edentulism was higher among older subjects (P < .001). The prevalence of edentulism was lower among individuals with higher levels of education (P < .001), those with higher socioeconomic status (P < .001), and those who had a car at home (P < 0.05)

Conclusions

The prevalence of edentulism in adults over 35 years of age attending dental care clinics at this public university was 15.7%. Differences were observed in the prevalence of edentulism by age, but not by gender. Socioeconomic differences were observed, suggesting certain oral health inequalities.

Odontomas consist of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp tissue. Histologically, they are classified into 2 groups: compounds and complexes. They are also clinically classified into 3 types: Central odontoma (intraosseous), peripheral odontoma (extraosseous or soft tissue odontoma) and erupted odontoma. Epidemiologically they are reported as the most frequent odontogenic tumor, however, the eruption of this type of lesion is rare, and odontoma occurs only in 1.6% of cases.

Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and commonly are radiographic findings, and in some cases are associated with changes in tooth eruption patterns. A case of a large complex odontoma that erupted into the oral cavity associated with a retained molar is presented and discussed.

Chronic periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory diseases caused by bacteria. Due to the multiple factors involved in periodontal pathogenesis, there have been a number of studies on the probable association with various systemic conditions, including osteoporosis. This is a progressive systemic disease characterized by loss of bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, compromising trabecular and cortical bone. The aim of this study was to identify the association between osteoporosis and chronic periodontitis, according to the specialized literature published to date. To this end, a literature was performed in MEDLINE database using its PUBMED browser. The following search strategy was used: Osteoporosis [Mesh] OR osteoporosis [IT] AND periodontal disease odds ratio OR Osteoporosis [Mesh] OR osteoporosis [IT] AND periodontal disease association, selecting human studies, published in the last 10 years. Finally, 6 items were analyzed. Recent studies provide strong evidence of an association between osteoporosis and clinical attachment loss in humans. Based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between decreased risk of skeletal bone density and height of the alveolar bone crest, however it is not yet possible to determine a causal relationship. So far this association can only be confirmed in women.

Objectives

Current studies conclude that the maximum tension and the greater distribution of forces should occur around the implant neck. To compare the distribution of stress between a short dental implant osseointegrated in different available vertical bones and standard osseointegrated implants in the posterior maxilla in mixed terrain formed by the bone of the patient and Bio-Oss®. To determine the stress distribution. To study the increased diameter of the short implant. To determine whether the results support the use of short implants.

Materials and methods

The finite elements method (FEM), which helps to solve differential equations associated with a physical problem with complicated geometries, was used in this work, where the geometric region is a three-dimensional model of an implant, its crown, and a portion of the bone region of the studied area.

The models were subjected to occlusion forces, 150 N Angle 30° ISO 14801: 2003. The MEF software used was called Abaqus from Dasssault Systemes Enterprise.

Results

The maximum values were concentrated in the cervical portion of the implant. Tensions in the implant are in the same range. The greater the elasticity of the elements contained in the module, the greater is the absorption of stress forces. The tension in the cortical bone showed no differences, but in the model where the diameter of the implant is increased to 4.8, a marked decrease occurs in the bone stress. The comparison of the stresses in the cancellous bone showed a difference in the stresses produced in the bone with Bio-Oss®, and it is located in the apical portion of the implant away from the area of the major stress concentration.

Conclusions

The maximum concentration of forces in cervical portion is independent of the length of the implant, being favourable to increase the diameter. It is possible to use low quality bone in for shorts implants.

Anxiety generated by dental treatment usually affects the behaviour of patients, and this is a problem that can impede patients from seeking treatment, or complicate or delay dental procedures. The objective of this study is to compare the state anxiety (normal state of anxiety on the day to day basis) and trait anxiety (arousal of anxiety due to a particular situation) levels in 80 patients (40 women and 40 men) who sought treatment at the undergraduate clinic at the Universidad Mayor. Before being treated for asymptomatic endodontic and periodontal diseases the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was completed in group A: 40 endodontic patients, and group B: 40 periodontal patients (men and women were evenly distributed between groups).

Results

Patients showed significant differences in trait anxiety (P = .2473) and state anxiety (P = .0329) before periodontal treatments versus endodontic treatments. Significant differences were found in the Trait/State Anxiety significant differences (P = .05) when comparing men and women.

Conclusions

(i) Patients feel more anxiety when faced with periodontal treatments than when faced with endodontic treatments, and (ii) women feel more anxiety than men when faced with either dental treatment.

Purpose

It is a widely known that there is a relationship between the anatomical dimensions in the human body structures due to the convergence of growth and development processes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) and body height and skull diameter.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 Chilean eugnathic individuals (33 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 23.4+- 2.9 years old. The OVD, height of each individual, and the radiographic antero-posterior cranial diameter was measured.

Results

The variables were associated using a multiple regression analysis. Based on the analysis, a predictive model to estimate an occlusal vertical dimension with a correlation coefficient r = 0.702 was obtained.

Conclusions

The occlusal vertical dimension is significantly correlated with the height and anteroposterior radiographic cranial diameter. A predictive model, represented by the following equation is proposed: OVD_x = [(Height) × (0.28)] + [(Gl-Op) × (0.26)]–(25.53).