Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral最新文献

Introduction

Chlorhexidine (CHX) in aqueous solution is hydrolysed to p-chloroaniline (PCA), a process accelerated by increasing temperature and pH. Using endodontic ultrasound based on oscillation phenomena, cavitation, and acoustic microstreaming generates heat, affecting the CHX.

Objective

The aim of this in vitro study was to identify and quantify the physical-chemical changes, temperature and pH, and the amount of PCA formed by increasing the temperature of 2% CHX by endodontic ultrasound.

Materials and methods

Samples of 2% CHX were activated for 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds with endodontic ultrasound 24,500 Hz. The pH and temperature were measured before and after activation, as well as the formation and amount of PCA, by reading and recording the result obtained from a standard calibration curve reading at 375 nm in a UV-visible light spectrophotometer.

Results

Independent of time, ultrasound increased the temperature of 2% CHX by 1 °C and acidified the solution. No significant changes were recorded in pH and temperature. No staining or precipitates were observed in samples ultrasonically activated at different times. Samples read at 375 nm showed no measurable PCA values. Absorption spectra of 2% CHX and 2% CHX activated for more than 60 seconds showed different spectral curves, peaks, and absorbance values.

Conclusions

Ultrasound increased the temperature and acidified the solution of CHX for all application times. No PCA was detected by visible spectrophotometry. Absorption spectra of 2% CHX activated with ultrasound at different times differs from 2% CHX without activation.

These differences indicate degradation of CHX and possible presence of PCA.

Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic disease that is characterised by the formation of blisters and erosions on the skin and mucous membranes following minor traction or trauma. Oral manifestations of the disease include obliteration of the vestibule, ankyloglossia, and microstomia. Oral rehabilitation, and prosthetic rehabilitation, in particular, is a challenge. This article describes a simple, inexpensive prosthetic alternative for a partially edentulous patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to verify the parallelism between the occlusal plane defined by Ricketts and 3 new different definitions of cephalometric lines in a Chilean eugnathic population.

Material and method

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 Chilean eugnathic young adults between 18 and 35 years old. Lateral digital standardised cephalometric radiographs were used. The cephalometric tracings for suggested lines A, B, and C were drawn by hand. Line A extends from the junction between the palatal plane and Downs's mandibular plane to Stomion. Line B was drawn from the Ricketts's Xi point to Stomion. Line C goes from Ricketts's R3 and R4 midpoint to Stomion.

Results

The ANOVA test shows significant differences between the suggested lines and the occlusal plane. The mean angle obtained for line A is 0.42° to the occlusal plane, while lines B and C showed a mean angle of −1.71°. A correlation coefficient r > 0.7 was obtained.

Conclusion

Line A is the most parallel line to the occlusal plane. Although lines B and C show a little discrepancy with the occlusal plane, they may be used anyway.

The present work provides an introduction to ethical guidelines for biomedical research proposed by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). Later, the conditions for implementing these in Chile are examined. It concluded that Chile has very favourable conditions for implementing these guidelines, which should be put into widespread use, maximising the opportunities offered by the current institutional in Chile.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (OSCC) is an invasive epithelial neoplasm with varying degrees of differentiation and propensity to metastasise. Chilean evidence for OSCC is scarce, and even more so for the Seventh (Maule) and Eighth (Bío-Bío) regions. Hence, the present study is carried out to evaluate the histopathological features of OSCC patients to contribute to local and national knowledge. A retrospective observational study was conducted on a convenience sample (n = 33) from health care institutions of Seventh and Eighth Chilean regions. The mean age of patients was 65 years. The most common OSCC anatomical locations were lips (36.4%), followed by the tongue (27.3%), and the floor of the mouth (9.1%). Moderately differentiated OSCC predominated (51.5%), with a pattern of infiltrating tumour invasion (81.8%) and a moderate/strong immune response (75.8%). In these Chilean regions, OSCC mainly affects older people and is located in an easily accessible area for anatomical examination, which should allow early diagnosis. Professionals with post-graduate knowledge or expertise in Pathology and Oral Medicine are needed in public health care centres.

This paper reflects on the principles that should regulate research in biomedicine. It focuses on the biomedical researcher, and proposes a set of principles that are necessary to conduct science in a moral manner in this field. In this context, it summarizes and analyzes the ethical standards of biomedical research that are currently accepted by the international community. It concludes that biomedical research ought to be governed by two fundamental guidelines: commitment to truth and a human sense of science.

Objective

To describe changes in periodontal clinical status of patients according to systemic statin use prescribed by a cardiologist.

Material and methods

A descriptive study was performed on patients with chronic periodontitis referred from the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases of Dávila Clinic. A group of them began statin therapy. Clinical measurements of periodontal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, bleeding index, periodontal inflamed surface area, and gingival index, were performed at baseline (before starting statin therapy) and 6 months later. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

A total of 10 patients participated in the study, and five of them received statin therapy. The statin group compared to the group without statins, showed a mean decrease in: PD (0.4 mm versus 0.13 mm); percentage of PS sites ≥ 5 mm (4.16% versus 1.09%); clinical attachment level (0.5 mm versus 0.2 mm), bleeding index (27.16% versus 8.8%), and periodontal inflamed surface area (305.68 versus 121.35 mm²).

Conclusions

These results suggest that patients with chronic periodontitis may benefit from systemic therapy with statins. Randomized clinical trials with optimal sample size are required to check the effect and impact of statins on the periodontal status.

When the soft tissue is positioned excessively on anatomical crowns of teeth, frequently seen in adults and resulting in short clinical crowns, a condition has been described in the literature by several authors as “altered passive eruption”. It is defined as a dentogingival relationship wherein the gingival margin is positioned coronally on the anatomic crown, and does not attach to the cement-enamel junction due to the disruption in the development and eruptive patterns of the dentogingival unit. This article describes how periodontal plastic surgery can remodel the attachment apparatus, re-establish the correct biological width, eliminate the excessive showing of gingiva, and expose the correct dimensions of teeth. In this report, 3 cases are presented of altered passive eruption, and includes the diagnosis, clinical staging and treatment through periodontal surgery to correct the structural and aesthetic appearance.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of functional teeth (FT) and their distribution using clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic variables in a sample of Mexican elderly.

Material and methods

This cross-sectional study of 139 adults aged 60 years and older was conducted in two nursing homes and one club in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. The dependent variable was FT, and participants were operationally categorised as 0 (having less than 21 teeth) or 1 (having 21 or more teeth). Those categorised as 1 comprised the FT group. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural variables were collected using a questionnaire. Clinical variables were collected by a trained examiner using a standardised examination. Analysis was performed using non-parametric tests in Stata.

Results

The mean age was 79.06 ± 9.78 years. Most (69.1%) of the participants were women. The prevalence of FT was 10.1%. In the bivariate analysis, it was observed that the FT group was younger (p < .05), women displayed a greater prevalence of FT than men (p < .05), as did those involved in a relationship compared to being single (p < .05), and FT prevalence differed by type of isolation (p < .05).

Conclusions

The prevalence of FT is low among nursing home residents and club members, and it varies with age, sex, relationship status, and type of isolation.

The surgical-endodontic treatment of teeth with an inflammatory radicular cyst is a clinical challenge due to its great complexity. Even more so, if they are in teeth with development anomalies such as gemination. The case below shows the repair of an apical lesion by a necro-pulpectomy of the geminated tooth and the enucleation of the adjacent cyst.