Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.206998
W. Marzouk, .. A. Mahmoud
Nowadays, the world of production and manufacturing engineering has been witnessed a remarkable development in manufacturing techniques. 3D printing additive manufacturing method is the last witness of that progress. As a result of appearing additive manufacturing technique, it had to be studied it on the tribology field, which plays a crucial role in most of the engineering applications and our life. Therefore, the effect of infill pattern (Grid, Triangles, and Concentric) and infill density (20%, 60%, and 100%) parameters have been studied in this paper in each dry and lubricant modes. The experimental results presented that the highest and lowest values of friction coefficient were occurred in cases of the Grid sample with 100% infill density and without lubrication, and the Triangles sample with 20% infill density and with lubrication, respectively. The lower friction coefficient is linked with the lower infill density (20%) because of the lower contact surfaces. This could be attributed to the lower contact surfaces which are subjected to friction. And the highest and the lowest values of wear rates were took placed in the cases of Grid sample with 20% infill density and without lubrication, and Grid sample with 20% infill density and with lubrication, respectively. The wear rate behavior is attributed to the protective film of lubrication which prevents the surface damage and wear. INTRODUCTION The economics in the industrial sectors have attained much attention and became a global attitude in recent days. Rapid prototyping offers many economic benefits over the traditional manufacturing techniques in which it cuts the costs of skilled workers, decreases the manufacturing time, is suitable for complex products, etc., [1]. 3D printing is considered one of the most common methods of additive manufacturing which affords good economics of production along with reasonable accuracy, [2]. Due to the numerous advantages of 3d printing additive manufacturing, the applications of this technique extend to aerospace, automotive, medical, civil aviation applications, [3]. 3D printing employs thermoplastic heat-formable materials (PLA, ABS, etc.), [4]. However, the 3d printing additive manufacturing could overcome many problems where the recent manufacturing techniques suffer from, the mechanical and operating performance of the printed products is still a concern, and the question of whether the printed product can compete with the products which are fabricated by the traditional methods is still open. Therefore, many researchers investigated the mechanical properties of the printed parts
{"title":"TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT OF 3D PRINTED PLA+ SAMPLES IMPREGNATED WITH LIQUID ANAEROBIC METHACRYLATE LUBRICANT","authors":"W. Marzouk, .. A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.206998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.206998","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the world of production and manufacturing engineering has been witnessed a remarkable development in manufacturing techniques. 3D printing additive manufacturing method is the last witness of that progress. As a result of appearing additive manufacturing technique, it had to be studied it on the tribology field, which plays a crucial role in most of the engineering applications and our life. Therefore, the effect of infill pattern (Grid, Triangles, and Concentric) and infill density (20%, 60%, and 100%) parameters have been studied in this paper in each dry and lubricant modes. The experimental results presented that the highest and lowest values of friction coefficient were occurred in cases of the Grid sample with 100% infill density and without lubrication, and the Triangles sample with 20% infill density and with lubrication, respectively. The lower friction coefficient is linked with the lower infill density (20%) because of the lower contact surfaces. This could be attributed to the lower contact surfaces which are subjected to friction. And the highest and the lowest values of wear rates were took placed in the cases of Grid sample with 20% infill density and without lubrication, and Grid sample with 20% infill density and with lubrication, respectively. The wear rate behavior is attributed to the protective film of lubrication which prevents the surface damage and wear. INTRODUCTION The economics in the industrial sectors have attained much attention and became a global attitude in recent days. Rapid prototyping offers many economic benefits over the traditional manufacturing techniques in which it cuts the costs of skilled workers, decreases the manufacturing time, is suitable for complex products, etc., [1]. 3D printing is considered one of the most common methods of additive manufacturing which affords good economics of production along with reasonable accuracy, [2]. Due to the numerous advantages of 3d printing additive manufacturing, the applications of this technique extend to aerospace, automotive, medical, civil aviation applications, [3]. 3D printing employs thermoplastic heat-formable materials (PLA, ABS, etc.), [4]. However, the 3d printing additive manufacturing could overcome many problems where the recent manufacturing techniques suffer from, the mechanical and operating performance of the printed products is still a concern, and the question of whether the printed product can compete with the products which are fabricated by the traditional methods is still open. Therefore, many researchers investigated the mechanical properties of the printed parts","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130636957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.206992
{"title":"LUBRICANT FILM BEHAVIOR IN SPUR GEARS","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.206992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.206992","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134221201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.206999
Granulates, Eman
Floor materials made of epoxy resins were filled by recycled rubber granulates and paraffin oil to reduce their brittleness. The present study measures the electrostatic charge (ESC) generated from the dry sliding of rubber shoe on the proposed composites. The function of the oil that filled the composites in contents of 5.0 and 10.0 wt. % was to enhance the viscoelastic property. Different sizes of recycled rubber granulates were used as filling material in contents of 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt. %. The proposed composites slid against rubber surface at different normal loads, where coefficient of friction was determined. It was found that ESC generated on rubber sole sliding on epoxy filled by recycled rubber particles increased with increasing normal load due to the increased contact area. As the rubber content increased, the number of surface asperities increased leading to the increase of friction that increased the triboelectrified contact area. It is observed that particle size of rubber granulates significantly affected ESC. As the particle size increased, the deformation of rubber asperities increased the friction and therefore ESC increased. The minimum ESC values were measured for composites filled by 80 wt. % rubber of particle size up to 3.0 mm and 10 wt. % oil. Therefore, that composites can be recommended in floor tile applications.
{"title":"ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE GENERATED FROM SLIDING OF RUBBER ON EPOXY FILLED BY RECYCLED RUBBER GRANULATES","authors":"Granulates, Eman","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.206999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.206999","url":null,"abstract":"Floor materials made of epoxy resins were filled by recycled rubber granulates and paraffin oil to reduce their brittleness. The present study measures the electrostatic charge (ESC) generated from the dry sliding of rubber shoe on the proposed composites. The function of the oil that filled the composites in contents of 5.0 and 10.0 wt. % was to enhance the viscoelastic property. Different sizes of recycled rubber granulates were used as filling material in contents of 20, 40, 60 and 80 wt. %. The proposed composites slid against rubber surface at different normal loads, where coefficient of friction was determined. It was found that ESC generated on rubber sole sliding on epoxy filled by recycled rubber particles increased with increasing normal load due to the increased contact area. As the rubber content increased, the number of surface asperities increased leading to the increase of friction that increased the triboelectrified contact area. It is observed that particle size of rubber granulates significantly affected ESC. As the particle size increased, the deformation of rubber asperities increased the friction and therefore ESC increased. The minimum ESC values were measured for composites filled by 80 wt. % rubber of particle size up to 3.0 mm and 10 wt. % oil. Therefore, that composites can be recommended in floor tile applications.","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123167730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.207001
Ameer
The present work aims to enhance the lubricating properties of lithium grease by the addition of clay particles as well as paraffin oil. Bearing steel ball loaded and slid on aluminum (Al) sheet was used to test the friction and wear when the contact surfaces was greased by lithium grease dispersed by clay of 30 – 50 μm particles size. Based on the present experiments, it was revealed that dispersing grease by clay particles and blending by paraffin oil decreased friction coefficient. Clay particles decreased the number of the contacting asperities of the two sliding surfaces and consequently friction coefficient decreased. Presence of oil decreased the agglomeration of clay particles, facilitated the rolling of the particles and retarded the sticking of the particles in one of the sliding surfaces. This behavior is attributed to the increased grease fluidity and decreased metallic contact of the sliding surfaces, where the particles were enabled to roll between the two sliding surfaces. Enhancement of wear may be from the ability of particles to work as ball bearing that decreased the formation of the transferred layer form aluminum sheet and separated the two contact surfaces. Clay particles formed protective thin layer on the contact area and provided high carrying capacity and extreme pressure properties. Grease dispersed by 10 wt. % clay content and blended by 10 wt. % oil gave the best wear values.
{"title":"EFFECT OF DISPERSING LITHIUM GREASE BY CLAY PARTICLES","authors":"Ameer","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.207001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.207001","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to enhance the lubricating properties of lithium grease by the addition of clay particles as well as paraffin oil. Bearing steel ball loaded and slid on aluminum (Al) sheet was used to test the friction and wear when the contact surfaces was greased by lithium grease dispersed by clay of 30 – 50 μm particles size. Based on the present experiments, it was revealed that dispersing grease by clay particles and blending by paraffin oil decreased friction coefficient. Clay particles decreased the number of the contacting asperities of the two sliding surfaces and consequently friction coefficient decreased. Presence of oil decreased the agglomeration of clay particles, facilitated the rolling of the particles and retarded the sticking of the particles in one of the sliding surfaces. This behavior is attributed to the increased grease fluidity and decreased metallic contact of the sliding surfaces, where the particles were enabled to roll between the two sliding surfaces. Enhancement of wear may be from the ability of particles to work as ball bearing that decreased the formation of the transferred layer form aluminum sheet and separated the two contact surfaces. Clay particles formed protective thin layer on the contact area and provided high carrying capacity and extreme pressure properties. Grease dispersed by 10 wt. % clay content and blended by 10 wt. % oil gave the best wear values.","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125869283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.206996
{"title":"ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MEDICAL FACEMASK","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.206996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.206996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"65 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114112321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.206994
{"title":"SELECTION OF THE PROPER MATERIALS FOR MEDICAL FACEMASK","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.206994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.206994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126642339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.207002
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF WEAR RESISTANCE AND AMORPHOUS CONTENT FOR FECRMOCB-MG COMPOSITE BY USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL SYSTEM","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.207002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.207002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131015985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.189766
{"title":"ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE GENERATED FROM FABRICS SLIDING ON POLYMERIC MATERIALS","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.189766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.189766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125516860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.189748
{"title":"PROPSED MATERIALS FOR FACE MASKS","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.189748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.189748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129642786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.21608/jest.2021.189026
{"title":"TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF STEEL LUBRICATED BY GREASE FILLED BY POLYMERIC ADDITIVES","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/jest.2021.189026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jest.2021.189026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Tribology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130193786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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