This article provides overview of the programs and plans, tools of scientific and technological, innovation and industry policies for new drug discovery. The authors substantiate that China has a government-led integrated approach to protecting and strengthening pharmaceutical sector. Discovered and proved the fact that the Chinese Government is encouraging R&D in the pharmaceutical sector, with special attention to the biotechnologies and is providing substantial support in the form of subsidies, tax incentives and establishment of special high-tech zones to encourage the production of new products and processes in the pharmaceutical sector. In addition to government support, there is substantial foreign direct investment in production and R&D, which entails transfer of technology and intensifies endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The authors give special attention to the fact that China's Government Procurement provides domestic price preference programme and realizes policies promoting indigenous innovation products and technology transfer. Initiatives to create human resources for pharmaceuticals industry and government aid attract foreign specialists and highly qualified Chinese migrants. Government support has raised the level of production localization, and increased employment and value added in the industry. Among the achievements attained due to the political mechanisms created in this country, are scientific and technological competencies and technology development, and high competitiveness of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, protection of intellectual property rights, access to foreign markets, import substitution and lower dependence on imported technologies, pharmaceutical intermediate goods and end-product, and high consumer quality of manufactured goods. It is proven that China's state-led innovation and investment development model has supported growth over the last 40 years and produced numerous endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The article presents the authors' vision of the determinants of success of the Chinese government in building innovation potential of domestic pharmaceuticals industry and of the resilience of the industry in the face of crisis caused by COVID-19.
{"title":"Policy of endogenous development of pharmaceuticals in China: lessons for Ukraine","authors":"O. Salikhova, D. Honcharenko","doi":"10.15407/eip2020.02.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.02.139","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides overview of the programs and plans, tools of scientific and technological, innovation and industry policies for new drug discovery. The authors substantiate that China has a government-led integrated approach to protecting and strengthening pharmaceutical sector. Discovered and proved the fact that the Chinese Government is encouraging R&D in the pharmaceutical sector, with special attention to the biotechnologies and is providing substantial support in the form of subsidies, tax incentives and establishment of special high-tech zones to encourage the production of new products and processes in the pharmaceutical sector. In addition to government support, there is substantial foreign direct investment in production and R&D, which entails transfer of technology and intensifies endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The authors give special attention to the fact that China's Government Procurement provides domestic price preference programme and realizes policies promoting indigenous innovation products and technology transfer. Initiatives to create human resources for pharmaceuticals industry and government aid attract foreign specialists and highly qualified Chinese migrants. Government support has raised the level of production localization, and increased employment and value added in the industry. Among the achievements attained due to the political mechanisms created in this country, are scientific and technological competencies and technology development, and high competitiveness of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, protection of intellectual property rights, access to foreign markets, import substitution and lower dependence on imported technologies, pharmaceutical intermediate goods and end-product, and high consumer quality of manufactured goods. It is proven that China's state-led innovation and investment development model has supported growth over the last 40 years and produced numerous endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The article presents the authors' vision of the determinants of success of the Chinese government in building innovation potential of domestic pharmaceuticals industry and of the resilience of the industry in the face of crisis caused by COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126878842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financing of the health care system, and the main challenges to the stability of the financial mechanisms of post-pandemic health care development have been identified. The author substantiates the peculiarities of the crisis of health care financing in the conditions of the current pandemic, further economic recession and decreased fiscal sustainability. The global practice of fiscal response to the manifestations of the COVID-19 pandemic has been systematized and the volumes of the corresponding financing in the countries with insurance and budgetary systems of health care financing have been estimated. The article identifies mechanisms for the transformation and expansion of the fiscal space in the context of expanded financing of the growing need for medical care in the face of new epidemic risks in different countries. Most often, the expansion of a country's fiscal space is carried out by: redistributing the existing amount of government expenditure for health care and redirecting funding flows from financing certain types of medical care to financing programs to overcome and combat COVID-19; changes in the priority of government health expenditure to combat COVID-19 compared to other budget expenditures on the social sphere and economic development; and using national reserve funds and emergency funds. It has been found that in the field of health care, the vast majority of countries have reduced the economic and territorial deprivation of all population groups in access to the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The author emphasizes the weaknesses of insurance based and decentralized health financing mechanisms to respond to the growing need for health care and financial stability during the pandemic. Substantiated the necessity to expand the fiscal space needed to cover the fiscal gap in Ukraine caused by the requirement to increase health care financing in response
{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic and fiscal sustainability","authors":"O. Stepanova","doi":"10.15407/eip2020.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financing of the health care system, and the main challenges to the stability of the financial mechanisms of post-pandemic health care development have been identified. The author substantiates the peculiarities of the crisis of health care financing in the conditions of the current pandemic, further economic recession and decreased fiscal sustainability. The global practice of fiscal response to the manifestations of the COVID-19 pandemic has been systematized and the volumes of the corresponding financing in the countries with insurance and budgetary systems of health care financing have been estimated. The article identifies mechanisms for the transformation and expansion of the fiscal space in the context of expanded financing of the growing need for medical care in the face of new epidemic risks in different countries. Most often, the expansion of a country's fiscal space is carried out by: redistributing the existing amount of government expenditure for health care and redirecting funding flows from financing certain types of medical care to financing programs to overcome and combat COVID-19; changes in the priority of government health expenditure to combat COVID-19 compared to other budget expenditures on the social sphere and economic development; and using national reserve funds and emergency funds. It has been found that in the field of health care, the vast majority of countries have reduced the economic and territorial deprivation of all population groups in access to the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The author emphasizes the weaknesses of insurance based and decentralized health financing mechanisms to respond to the growing need for health care and financial stability during the pandemic. Substantiated the necessity to expand the fiscal space needed to cover the fiscal gap in Ukraine caused by the requirement to increase health care financing in response","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116930991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.15407/ECONFORECAST2020.02.059
V. Koibichuk, Tetiana Bezbakh, Rabota Lab
In recent years, there has been a significant structural impact of the so-called «digital» economy on the formation of FDI flows. The development of advanced technologies and robotics is accelerating. All this makes production more sophisticated, cheaper and faster. Progressive labor market is a good basis for the successful development of enterprises in various industries. And investments make it possible for industries to be created, to develop, and to innovate. In addition, foreign direct investment is an important method of technology transfer that stimulates domestic public investment flows, and fosters the development of human capital and institutions. The purpose of the article is to develop an economic and mathematical model of the dependence of a country's investment attractiveness on labor market factors. The influence of labor market factors on the investment attractiveness of Ukraine is analyzed and thoroughly substantiated, as well as the state of the Ukraine’s modern labor market, whose characteristic features, possible tendencies, and prospects are determined. The factors of the labor market include value added per worker, medium and high-tech exports as a percentage of total exports, the unemployment rate, and the gross enrollment rate for higher education. Investment attractiveness is determined by the volume of foreign direct investment. When developing the model, the authors substantiate comparability of the input data, their statistical significance and the correlation of factor variables with foreign direct investment income. The Irwin method was used to check for anomalies of values, and recommendations were made for eliminating such data if they were found. The normality of distribution was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The construction of a multivariate linear regression model was performed using the Stata 14 statistical package.
{"title":"Investigation of the character and significance of the impact of labor market factors on the country's investment attractiveness","authors":"V. Koibichuk, Tetiana Bezbakh, Rabota Lab","doi":"10.15407/ECONFORECAST2020.02.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ECONFORECAST2020.02.059","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a significant structural impact of the so-called «digital» economy on the formation of FDI flows. The development of advanced technologies and robotics is accelerating. All this makes production more sophisticated, cheaper and faster. Progressive labor market is a good basis for the successful development of enterprises in various industries. And investments make it possible for industries to be created, to develop, and to innovate. In addition, foreign direct investment is an important method of technology transfer that stimulates domestic public investment flows, and fosters the development of human capital and institutions. The purpose of the article is to develop an economic and mathematical model of the dependence of a country's investment attractiveness on labor market factors. The influence of labor market factors on the investment attractiveness of Ukraine is analyzed and thoroughly substantiated, as well as the state of the Ukraine’s modern labor market, whose characteristic features, possible tendencies, and prospects are determined. The factors of the labor market include value added per worker, medium and high-tech exports as a percentage of total exports, the unemployment rate, and the gross enrollment rate for higher education. Investment attractiveness is determined by the volume of foreign direct investment. When developing the model, the authors substantiate comparability of the input data, their statistical significance and the correlation of factor variables with foreign direct investment income. The Irwin method was used to check for anomalies of values, and recommendations were made for eliminating such data if they were found. The normality of distribution was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The construction of a multivariate linear regression model was performed using the Stata 14 statistical package.","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130810059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers the possibility and expediency of using the apparatus of the theory of wavelets to conduct analysis of banking activities. The authors determine separate stages of the complex application of various tools on the theory of wavelets to analyze the activities of banks based on retrospective data. Among these stages are: decomposition of the initial data by their approximating coefficients and coefficients of detail, and the use of wavelet coherence. Indicated the importance of conducting a retrospective analysis to reveal hidden relationships in the data structure that determine certain aspects of banking. The ad-vantages of using the tools of the theory of wavelets from the point of view of analyzing the activities of banks based on their statistical data are highlighted. Among these advantages, the authors highlight the possibility of studying the relationships be-tween data over time and determining the depth of such relationships. It is noted that this can be done in one research window. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of the reciprocity between the volume of funds in deposit accounts and the volume of loans granted, as one of the key parameters for conducting banking activities. The reciprocity between the volumes of funds in deposit accounts and the volumes of loans granted is revealed in accordance with the volumes of administrative expenses and equity of banks. It is noted that retrospective analysis allows us to identify the consequences of the onset of unwanted events and prevent them in the future. To carry out a corresponding analysis, the content of constructing a description of spatial wavelet coherence is disclosed. Such a description makes it possible to take into account a larger number of parameters than classical approaches for calculating wavelet coherence. This expands the boundaries of the relevant analysis, allows you to explore various mutual influences between individual banks in terms of their individual indicators for banking activities. Such an analysis allows to determine not only the reciprocity between individual indicators of banking activity, but also the depth of influence between individual banks, taking into account such indicators of their activity. Concrete examples are given that prove the feasibility and likelihood of applying the proposed approaches to the analysis of banking activities.
{"title":"Wavelet coherence as a tool for retrospective analysis of bank activities","authors":"O. Vasiurenko, V. Lyashenko","doi":"10.15407/eip2020.02.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.02.043","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the possibility and expediency of using the apparatus of the theory of wavelets to conduct analysis of banking activities. The authors determine separate stages of the complex application of various tools on the theory of wavelets to analyze the activities of banks based on retrospective data. Among these stages are: decomposition of the initial data by their approximating coefficients and coefficients of detail, and the use of wavelet coherence. Indicated the importance of conducting a retrospective analysis to reveal hidden relationships in the data structure that determine certain aspects of banking. The ad-vantages of using the tools of the theory of wavelets from the point of view of analyzing the activities of banks based on their statistical data are highlighted. Among these advantages, the authors highlight the possibility of studying the relationships be-tween data over time and determining the depth of such relationships. It is noted that this can be done in one research window. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of the reciprocity between the volume of funds in deposit accounts and the volume of loans granted, as one of the key parameters for conducting banking activities. The reciprocity between the volumes of funds in deposit accounts and the volumes of loans granted is revealed in accordance with the volumes of administrative expenses and equity of banks. It is noted that retrospective analysis allows us to identify the consequences of the onset of unwanted events and prevent them in the future. To carry out a corresponding analysis, the content of constructing a description of spatial wavelet coherence is disclosed. Such a description makes it possible to take into account a larger number of parameters than classical approaches for calculating wavelet coherence. This expands the boundaries of the relevant analysis, allows you to explore various mutual influences between individual banks in terms of their individual indicators for banking activities. Such an analysis allows to determine not only the reciprocity between individual indicators of banking activity, but also the depth of influence between individual banks, taking into account such indicators of their activity. Concrete examples are given that prove the feasibility and likelihood of applying the proposed approaches to the analysis of banking activities.","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115234520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.15407/econforecast2020.01.057
S. Shishkov
{"title":"Resumption of confidence in the Ukrainian stock market: is it enough, for this purpose, to tighten sanctions for market abuse?","authors":"S. Shishkov","doi":"10.15407/econforecast2020.01.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.01.057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123485841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the growing trends of institutionalization of the global e-commerce. It reveals the multilevel and multifaceted character of this process, which extends to the policies of both national states and international organizations and regional associations, and involves both state and non-state structures. The identified main changes in national institutional systems related to digital transformation embrace: a clearer definition of strategic priorities and tools for stimulating investment in digital infrastructure and developing digital competences; creation of free e-commerce zones; and implementation of a sound legal framework for digital transactions focusing on consumer protection, personal data and intellectual property, guaranteeing cybersecurity, promoting competition and enhancing competitiveness for small, medium and micro-enterprises. At the same time, there is an increase in "electronic protectionism" and measures to restrict the freedom of commercial operations in cyberspace. The author argues that the global nature of cyberspace determines the centrality of global and regional international organizations in the creation of the latest institutional digital trade formats. A key role in the mechanisms of global regulation of e-commerce should be played by the World Trade Organization, which requires adjustments and innovations in its mechanisms and agreements, in particular for the implementation of regulatory standards for the innovative institutional e-business formats. At the same time, there is a process of forming a network of international organizations for digital trade regulation, with increased differentiation and specialization, on the one hand, and coordination and cooperation of their regulatory functions – on the other hand. Regional policies and regulatory institutions, as well as regional integration associations play an important role in this system. However, the institutional support for digital commerce at the regional level is characterized by a considerable level of heterogeneity, and driven by cultural traditions and differences in the levels of socio-economic development. Prepared within the research on "Formation of the Institutions of International Electronic Commerce in the Conditions of Emerging Information and Network Based Economy" topic of "Research on the Institutional Architectonics of Information and Network Economics" project at the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine" (2018-2020), state registration No 0117U001686.
{"title":"New institutional formats in the development of global e-commerce","authors":"V. Sidenko","doi":"10.15407/eip2020.01.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.01.085","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the growing trends of institutionalization of the global e-commerce. It reveals the multilevel and multifaceted character of this process, which extends to the policies of both national states and international organizations and regional associations, and involves both state and non-state structures. The identified main changes in national institutional systems related to digital transformation embrace: a clearer definition of strategic priorities and tools for stimulating investment in digital infrastructure and developing digital competences; creation of free e-commerce zones; and implementation of a sound legal framework for digital transactions focusing on consumer protection, personal data and intellectual property, guaranteeing cybersecurity, promoting competition and enhancing competitiveness for small, medium and micro-enterprises. At the same time, there is an increase in \"electronic protectionism\" and measures to restrict the freedom of commercial operations in cyberspace. The author argues that the global nature of cyberspace determines the centrality of global and regional international organizations in the creation of the latest institutional digital trade formats. A key role in the mechanisms of global regulation of e-commerce should be played by the World Trade Organization, which requires adjustments and innovations in its mechanisms and agreements, in particular for the implementation of regulatory standards for the innovative institutional e-business formats. At the same time, there is a process of forming a network of international organizations for digital trade regulation, with increased differentiation and specialization, on the one hand, and coordination and cooperation of their regulatory functions – on the other hand. Regional policies and regulatory institutions, as well as regional integration associations play an important role in this system. However, the institutional support for digital commerce at the regional level is characterized by a considerable level of heterogeneity, and driven by cultural traditions and differences in the levels of socio-economic development. Prepared within the research on \"Formation of the Institutions of International Electronic Commerce in the Conditions of Emerging Information and Network Based Economy\" topic of \"Research on the Institutional Architectonics of Information and Network Economics\" project at the Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine\" (2018-2020), state registration No 0117U001686.","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115697809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The interaction of financial openness and economic growth","authors":"Y. Bublyk","doi":"10.15407/eip2020.01.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.01.142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125988679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"National competition policy as the way to the effective economy of Ukraine","authors":"A. Shcherbak","doi":"10.15407/eip2020.01.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.01.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122267080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of Ukrainian agricultural corporations on the national trade balance","authors":"O. Shubravska, K. Prokopenko","doi":"10.15407/eip2020.01.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.01.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114803589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article substantiates that the concept of inclusive development was formed in the process of evolution of the concept of sustainable development, which remains dominant for civilizational development in the 21st century. The transition to the sustainable development model is permanent process; while its versions change as certain its components are set as priorities (economy, ecology, or social sphere). The goals of achieving equality and social justice were declared in the concept of sustainable development. The concept of inclusive development renews and enhances the socio-economic dimension of sustainable development. Inclusion is an area of compromise between the social and economic spheres of sustainable development. In addition to these areas, ecology, territorial inclusion, and inclusiveness between present and future generations should also be implemented. Inclusive economic development is progress that benefits the whole population, so that everybody, thanks to active participation in social processes, enjoys benefits in various areas of his or her life. Creating conditions of solidarity, equal opportunities, access to resources, etc. is an important element of sustainable development strategies for all people. Appropriate institutions are a necessary but insufficient criterion for inclusion, as they should be matched by the behavior of every person in society. It is therefore important to create an environment of tolerance and solidarity for inclusion. Summarized key principles and international benchmarks for inclusive development. Modern strategies in the context of inclusive development are presented, which are developed and implemented in various countries: building a harmonious society (China), equal living conditions in the city and countryside (Germany), and enhancing corporate social responsibility of large business entities (France). Despite the obvious prevalence of positive effects, some ambiguities of inclusion are emphasized. As a means of providing access and development opportunities for citizens, including their broader involvement in economic activity, inclusion is quite costly, but one cannot disagree with the conclusion that the cost of exclusion and lost profits is even higher. The publication was prepared for the implementation of the R&D on "Inclusive Rural Development in Ukraine" (state registration No 0117U005465).
{"title":"Inclusive development: a new concept or an update of the sustainable development concept?","authors":"O. Popova","doi":"10.15407/eip2020.01.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.01.128","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates that the concept of inclusive development was formed in the process of evolution of the concept of sustainable development, which remains dominant for civilizational development in the 21st century. The transition to the sustainable development model is permanent process; while its versions change as certain its components are set as priorities (economy, ecology, or social sphere). The goals of achieving equality and social justice were declared in the concept of sustainable development. The concept of inclusive development renews and enhances the socio-economic dimension of sustainable development. Inclusion is an area of compromise between the social and economic spheres of sustainable development. In addition to these areas, ecology, territorial inclusion, and inclusiveness between present and future generations should also be implemented. Inclusive economic development is progress that benefits the whole population, so that everybody, thanks to active participation in social processes, enjoys benefits in various areas of his or her life. Creating conditions of solidarity, equal opportunities, access to resources, etc. is an important element of sustainable development strategies for all people. Appropriate institutions are a necessary but insufficient criterion for inclusion, as they should be matched by the behavior of every person in society. It is therefore important to create an environment of tolerance and solidarity for inclusion. Summarized key principles and international benchmarks for inclusive development. Modern strategies in the context of inclusive development are presented, which are developed and implemented in various countries: building a harmonious society (China), equal living conditions in the city and countryside (Germany), and enhancing corporate social responsibility of large business entities (France). Despite the obvious prevalence of positive effects, some ambiguities of inclusion are emphasized. As a means of providing access and development opportunities for citizens, including their broader involvement in economic activity, inclusion is quite costly, but one cannot disagree with the conclusion that the cost of exclusion and lost profits is even higher. The publication was prepared for the implementation of the R&D on \"Inclusive Rural Development in Ukraine\" (state registration No 0117U005465).","PeriodicalId":212761,"journal":{"name":"Economy and Forecasting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125800215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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