Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.63144
D. Almeida-Galárraga, Antonio Ros-Felip, Virginia Álvarez-Sánchez, F. Marco-Martínez, Laura Serrano-Mateo
The purpose of this work is to develop an experimental physical model of the shoulder joint complex. The aim of this research is to validate the model built and identify the forces on specified positions of this joint. The shoulder musculoskeletal structures have been replicated to evaluate the forces to which muscle fibres are subjected in different equilibrium positions: 60o flexion, 60o abduction and 30o abduction and flexion. The physical model represents, quite accurately, the shoulder complex. It has 12 real degrees of freedom, which allows motions such as abduction, flexion, adduction and extension and to calculate the resultant forces of the represented muscles. The built physical model is versatile and easily manipulated and represents, above all, a model for teaching applications on anatomy and shoulder joint complex biomechanics. Moreover, it is a valid research tool on muscle actions related to abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation motions or combination among them.
{"title":"Kinematics based physical modelling and experimental analysis of the shoulder joint complex","authors":"D. Almeida-Galárraga, Antonio Ros-Felip, Virginia Álvarez-Sánchez, F. Marco-Martínez, Laura Serrano-Mateo","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.63144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.63144","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to develop an experimental physical model of the shoulder joint complex. The aim of this research is to validate the model built and identify the forces on specified positions of this joint. The shoulder musculoskeletal structures have been replicated to evaluate the forces to which muscle fibres are subjected in different equilibrium positions: 60o flexion, 60o abduction and 30o abduction and flexion. The physical model represents, quite accurately, the shoulder complex. It has 12 real degrees of freedom, which allows motions such as abduction, flexion, adduction and extension and to calculate the resultant forces of the represented muscles. The built physical model is versatile and easily manipulated and represents, above all, a model for teaching applications on anatomy and shoulder joint complex biomechanics. Moreover, it is a valid research tool on muscle actions related to abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation motions or combination among them.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"58 1","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80275797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.63381
R. A. García-León, E. Flórez-Solano
The braking system of a car must meet several requirements, among which safety is the most important. It is also composed of a set of mechanical parts such as springs, different types of materials (Metallic and Non Metallic), gases and liquids. The brakes must work safely and predictably in all circumstances, which means having a stable level of friction, in any condition of temperature, humidity and salinity of the environment. For a correct design and operation of brake discs, it is necessary to consider different aspects, such as geometry, type of material, mechanical strength, maximum temperature, thermal deformation, cracking resistance, among others. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to analyze the dynamics and kinetics of the brake system from the pedal as the beginning of mathematical calculations to simulate the behavior and Analysis of Finite Elements (FEA), with the help of SolidWorks Simulation Software. The results show that the third brake disc works best in relation to the other two discs in their different working conditions such as speed and displacement in braking, concluding that depending on the geometry of the brake and the cooling channels these systems can be optimized that are of great importance for the automotive industry.
{"title":"Dynamic analysis of three autoventilated disc brakes","authors":"R. A. García-León, E. Flórez-Solano","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.63381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.63381","url":null,"abstract":"The braking system of a car must meet several requirements, among which safety is the most important. It is also composed of a set of mechanical parts such as springs, different types of materials (Metallic and Non Metallic), gases and liquids. The brakes must work safely and predictably in all circumstances, which means having a stable level of friction, in any condition of temperature, humidity and salinity of the environment. For a correct design and operation of brake discs, it is necessary to consider different aspects, such as geometry, type of material, mechanical strength, maximum temperature, thermal deformation, cracking resistance, among others. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to analyze the dynamics and kinetics of the brake system from the pedal as the beginning of mathematical calculations to simulate the behavior and Analysis of Finite Elements (FEA), with the help of SolidWorks Simulation Software. The results show that the third brake disc works best in relation to the other two discs in their different working conditions such as speed and displacement in braking, concluding that depending on the geometry of the brake and the cooling channels these systems can be optimized that are of great importance for the automotive industry.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"115 1","pages":"102-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77694135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.64913
J. Caicedo, Andrés A. Romero, H. Zini
Harmonic distortion in residential distribution networks is increasing due to the penetration of multiple nonlinear loads, including modern technologies such as plug-in electric vehicles and energy efficient lighting (e.g., compact fluorescent and LED lamps). The distributed nature of these loads introduces complexity in the analysis of harmonic propagation. Therefore, more sophisticated tools are needed to investigate this issue, on the basis of formerly established methodologies. This paper presents a literature review on the assessment of the harmonic distortion in residential distribution networks. To that end, bibliographic data of the most representative publications related to the topic were obtained. From these data, a novel citation analysis method was developed to construct a chronologically organized direct citation network. Based on the temporal evolution of the citation network, the aforementioned issue is presented, identifying lines of research and proposed methodologies. From the analysis of the literature review, the stages for modeling and simulating harmonic propagation are identified and described. The principal aspects to be addressed for obtaining an accurate harmonic analysis are also identified and detailed, namely, harmonic interaction, diversity, unbalance, and uncertainty. Finally, main conclusions are highlighted.
{"title":"Assessment of the harmonic distortion in residential distribution networks: literature review","authors":"J. Caicedo, Andrés A. Romero, H. Zini","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.64913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.64913","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic distortion in residential distribution networks is increasing due to the penetration of multiple nonlinear loads, including modern technologies such as plug-in electric vehicles and energy efficient lighting (e.g., compact fluorescent and LED lamps). The distributed nature of these loads introduces complexity in the analysis of harmonic propagation. Therefore, more sophisticated tools are needed to investigate this issue, on the basis of formerly established methodologies. This paper presents a literature review on the assessment of the harmonic distortion in residential distribution networks. To that end, bibliographic data of the most representative publications related to the topic were obtained. From these data, a novel citation analysis method was developed to construct a chronologically organized direct citation network. Based on the temporal evolution of the citation network, the aforementioned issue is presented, identifying lines of research and proposed methodologies. From the analysis of the literature review, the stages for modeling and simulating harmonic propagation are identified and described. The principal aspects to be addressed for obtaining an accurate harmonic analysis are also identified and detailed, namely, harmonic interaction, diversity, unbalance, and uncertainty. Finally, main conclusions are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"54 1","pages":"72-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75429532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.57957
J. González-Mendoza, S. Alcántara-Montes, José de Jesús Silva-Lomelí, Carlos de la Cruz-Alejo, A. Ocampo-Ramirez
Although in scientific literature there are studies regarding the inclusion of relief grooves in order to diminish the amount of stress concentration in stepped shafts, the incorporation of optimization algorithms capable of parametrically determining their geometry remains unexplored. In this paper, an approach to the problem of size optimization of shoulder filleted shafts with relief grooves and subject to axial loads is presented. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the maximum value of stress at both, the root of the shoulder fillet, and the root of the groove, thus minimizing stress concentration and improving fatigue life of such elements. Under this methodology, different percentages of reduction of stress are achieved for the shafts with relief grooves, in comparison with the shafts without relief grooves. The novelty of this approach lies in the incorporation of an algorithm for the determination of the optimum geometry of the grooves.
{"title":"Size optimization of shoulder filleted shafts with relief grooves for improving their fatigue life","authors":"J. González-Mendoza, S. Alcántara-Montes, José de Jesús Silva-Lomelí, Carlos de la Cruz-Alejo, A. Ocampo-Ramirez","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.57957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.57957","url":null,"abstract":"Although in scientific literature there are studies regarding the inclusion of relief grooves in order to diminish the amount of stress concentration in stepped shafts, the incorporation of optimization algorithms capable of parametrically determining their geometry remains unexplored. In this paper, an approach to the problem of size optimization of shoulder filleted shafts with relief grooves and subject to axial loads is presented. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the maximum value of stress at both, the root of the shoulder fillet, and the root of the groove, thus minimizing stress concentration and improving fatigue life of such elements. Under this methodology, different percentages of reduction of stress are achieved for the shafts with relief grooves, in comparison with the shafts without relief grooves. The novelty of this approach lies in the incorporation of an algorithm for the determination of the optimum geometry of the grooves.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"62 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90466616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.60633
M. Sánchez, G. Capote, J. Carrillo
This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the effect of residual thermal stresses on the mechanical behavior of diagonally reinforced plates. The study focuses on the analysis of carbon/epoxy square plates onto which diagonal reinforcements were glued. These reinforcements were glued using two different methodologies: the first method was to glue the reinforcements at operating temperature (22 °C), while in the second methodology reinforcements were cured in an autoclave at 177 °C. Mechanical behavior assessment was based on the stiffness, free vibration, and buckling tests. For the study of the stiffness of the plates, an optical technique to determine the transversal displacement caused by the presence of a static load was employed. For the vibration tests, the natural frequencies associated with the first four modes of free vibration were determined by using a dynamic signal analyzer. For the linear and non-linear buckling, compression tests on a universal testing machine were performed, determining the displacements produced during the test using the digital image processing method. All experimental results were compared with results obtained from numerical approximations made with commercial software. The results show the effect of residual thermal stresses caused during the manufacturing process on the mechanical performance of diagonally reinforced plates.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical evaluation of the mechanical behavior of diagonally reinforced plates subjected to the effect of residual thermal stresses","authors":"M. Sánchez, G. Capote, J. Carrillo","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.60633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.60633","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the effect of residual thermal stresses on the mechanical behavior of diagonally reinforced plates. The study focuses on the analysis of carbon/epoxy square plates onto which diagonal reinforcements were glued. These reinforcements were glued using two different methodologies: the first method was to glue the reinforcements at operating temperature (22 °C), while in the second methodology reinforcements were cured in an autoclave at 177 °C. Mechanical behavior assessment was based on the stiffness, free vibration, and buckling tests. For the study of the stiffness of the plates, an optical technique to determine the transversal displacement caused by the presence of a static load was employed. For the vibration tests, the natural frequencies associated with the first four modes of free vibration were determined by using a dynamic signal analyzer. For the linear and non-linear buckling, compression tests on a universal testing machine were performed, determining the displacements produced during the test using the digital image processing method. All experimental results were compared with results obtained from numerical approximations made with commercial software. The results show the effect of residual thermal stresses caused during the manufacturing process on the mechanical performance of diagonally reinforced plates.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"128 1","pages":"124-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87987733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.59761
S. Laín, A. Caballero
En este trabajo se analiza la dinamica del flujo sanguineo en un modelo realista de la aorta toracica (TA, por sus siglas en ingles) en condiciones transitorias visualizando las distribuciones de velocidad, flujo secundario, presion y esfuerzos cortantes parietales (WSS). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la velocidad primaria del flujo tiende hacia la pared interior de la aorta ascendente, pero esta, a su vez, tiende hacia la pared posterior en el arco aortico y hacia las paredes anterior y exterior en la aorta descendente. En las tres ramificaciones del arco aortico la velocidad del flujo se acerca hacia las paredes distales mostrando recirculacion del flujo en las cercanias de las paredes proximales. En la TA se observa un flujo secundario intenso, especialmente a la entrada de las ramificaciones del arco. Finalmente, la presion es baja a lo largo de la pared interior de la aorta y en las paredes proximales de las ramificaciones, mientras que es alta en las zonas de estancamiento situadas en las paredes distales de las ramificaciones asi como a lo largo de la pared exterior de la aorta ascendente
{"title":"Simulation of unsteady blood flow dynamics in the thoracic aorta","authors":"S. Laín, A. Caballero","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.59761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.59761","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo se analiza la dinamica del flujo sanguineo en un modelo realista de la aorta toracica (TA, por sus siglas en ingles) en condiciones transitorias visualizando las distribuciones de velocidad, flujo secundario, presion y esfuerzos cortantes parietales (WSS). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la velocidad primaria del flujo tiende hacia la pared interior de la aorta ascendente, pero esta, a su vez, tiende hacia la pared posterior en el arco aortico y hacia las paredes anterior y exterior en la aorta descendente. En las tres ramificaciones del arco aortico la velocidad del flujo se acerca hacia las paredes distales mostrando recirculacion del flujo en las cercanias de las paredes proximales. En la TA se observa un flujo secundario intenso, especialmente a la entrada de las ramificaciones del arco. Finalmente, la presion es baja a lo largo de la pared interior de la aorta y en las paredes proximales de las ramificaciones, mientras que es alta en las zonas de estancamiento situadas en las paredes distales de las ramificaciones asi como a lo largo de la pared exterior de la aorta ascendente","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"4 1","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85769233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.60339
Felipe Lara, Gilberto Gutiérrez, M. A. Soto, A. Corral
Let be a set of points located in a rectangle and is a point that is not in . This article describes the design, implementation, and experimentation of different algorithms to solve the following two problems: ( i ) Maximum Empty Rectangle (MER), which consists in finding an empty rectangle with a maximum area contained in R and does not contain any point from and ( ii ) Query Maximum Empty Rectangle (QMER), which consists in finding the rectangle with the same restrictions given for the MER problem but must also contain . It is assumed that both problems have insufficient main memory to store all the objects in set . According to the literature, both problems are very practical in fields such as data mining and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Specifically, the present study proposes two algorithms that assume that is stored in secondary memory (mainly disk) and that it is impossible to store it completely in main memory. The first algorithm solves the QMER problem and consists of decreasing the size of S by using dominance areas and then processing the points that are not eliminated using an algorithm proposed by Orlowski (1990). The second algorithm solves the MER problem and consists of dividing R into four subrectangles that generate four subsets of similar size; these are processed using an algorithm proposed in Edmons et al. (2003), and finally the partial solutions are combined to obtain a global solution. For the purpose of verifying algorithm efficiency, results are shown for a series of experiments that consider synthetic and real data.
设为位于矩形内的点的集合，设为不在矩形内的点。本文描述了不同算法的设计、实现和实验，以解决以下两个问题:(i)最大空矩形(Maximum Empty Rectangle, MER)，即寻找一个面积最大且包含R的空矩形，且不包含任何点;(ii)查询最大空矩形(Query Maximum Empty Rectangle, QMER)，即寻找与最大空矩形问题相同的矩形，但必须包含。假设这两个问题都没有足够的主存来存储集合中的所有对象。根据文献，这两个问题在数据挖掘和地理信息系统(GIS)等领域都非常实用。具体来说，本研究提出了两种算法，它们假设数据存储在辅助存储器(主要是磁盘)中，并且不可能将数据完全存储在主存储器中。第一种算法解决QMER问题，通过使用优势区域减小S的大小，然后使用Orlowski(1990)提出的算法处理未被消除的点。第二种算法解决了MER问题，将R分成四个子矩形，这些子矩形产生四个大小相似的子集;使用Edmons等人(2003)提出的算法对这些解进行处理，最后将部分解合并以获得全局解。为了验证算法的有效性，给出了考虑合成数据和真实数据的一系列实验结果。
{"title":"Queries about the largest empty rectangle in large 2-dimensional datasets stored in secondary memory","authors":"Felipe Lara, Gilberto Gutiérrez, M. A. Soto, A. Corral","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.60339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.60339","url":null,"abstract":"Let be a set of points located in a rectangle and is a point that is not in . This article describes the design, implementation, and experimentation of different algorithms to solve the following two problems: ( i ) Maximum Empty Rectangle (MER), which consists in finding an empty rectangle with a maximum area contained in R and does not contain any point from and ( ii ) Query Maximum Empty Rectangle (QMER), which consists in finding the rectangle with the same restrictions given for the MER problem but must also contain . It is assumed that both problems have insufficient main memory to store all the objects in set . According to the literature, both problems are very practical in fields such as data mining and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Specifically, the present study proposes two algorithms that assume that is stored in secondary memory (mainly disk) and that it is impossible to store it completely in main memory. The first algorithm solves the QMER problem and consists of decreasing the size of S by using dominance areas and then processing the points that are not eliminated using an algorithm proposed by Orlowski (1990). The second algorithm solves the MER problem and consists of dividing R into four subrectangles that generate four subsets of similar size; these are processed using an algorithm proposed in Edmons et al. (2003), and finally the partial solutions are combined to obtain a global solution. For the purpose of verifying algorithm efficiency, results are shown for a series of experiments that consider synthetic and real data.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"31 1","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81038631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.65058
M. C. Daza-Torres, Paulo César Arias-Prado, Aldemar Reyes-Trujillo, Norberto Urrutia-Cobo
The determination of the crop coefficient (Kc) throughout the phenological stages is important for the calculation of water requirements of plants. This study determined the Kc curve for Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, and evaluated this Kc in greenhouse conditions. Three drainage lysimeters and a portable meteorological station were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), which were set up randomly in an experimental plot. The field capacity (FC) moisture content was determined, and the soil moisture and drainage depth were periodically monitored. Daily water balance calculations were conducted to determine the crop’s water needs (ETc), and the Kc was calculated based on the quotient between ETc and ETo by performing statistical regression analysis. In the second experiment, in a completely randomized bifactorial design, four treatments were established in Cali (Valle). These treatments were amount of water necessary to maintain the soil moisture at FC and amount of water calculated with the Kc (72 % FC), both treatments with and without fertilizers application. The results showed that the Kc values for basil are: growth stage, 0,45 ± 0,02 (25 days after transplant, dat); maturity stage, 0,59 ± 0,02 (26 – 50 dat); and senescence stage, 0,42 ± 0,03 (51 – 71 dat). In greenhouse conditions, dry mass percentage, plant height, soil pH and electrical conductivity were similar for both water regimens. The reduction on water with Kc increased the nitrogen foliar but the water use efficient decreased.
{"title":"Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) water needs calculated from the crop coefficient","authors":"M. C. Daza-Torres, Paulo César Arias-Prado, Aldemar Reyes-Trujillo, Norberto Urrutia-Cobo","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.65058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.65058","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of the crop coefficient (Kc) throughout the phenological stages is important for the calculation of water requirements of plants. This study determined the Kc curve for Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, and evaluated this Kc in greenhouse conditions. Three drainage lysimeters and a portable meteorological station were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), which were set up randomly in an experimental plot. The field capacity (FC) moisture content was determined, and the soil moisture and drainage depth were periodically monitored. Daily water balance calculations were conducted to determine the crop’s water needs (ETc), and the Kc was calculated based on the quotient between ETc and ETo by performing statistical regression analysis. In the second experiment, in a completely randomized bifactorial design, four treatments were established in Cali (Valle). These treatments were amount of water necessary to maintain the soil moisture at FC and amount of water calculated with the Kc (72 % FC), both treatments with and without fertilizers application. The results showed that the Kc values for basil are: growth stage, 0,45 ± 0,02 (25 days after transplant, dat); maturity stage, 0,59 ± 0,02 (26 – 50 dat); and senescence stage, 0,42 ± 0,03 (51 – 71 dat). In greenhouse conditions, dry mass percentage, plant height, soil pH and electrical conductivity were similar for both water regimens. The reduction on water with Kc increased the nitrogen foliar but the water use efficient decreased.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"31 3 1","pages":"08-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88048573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.61729
J. D. Bogoya, J. Bogoya, Alfonso J. Peñuela
Colombia applies two mandatory National State tests every year. The first, known as Saber 11, is applied to students who finish the high school cycle, whereas the second, called Saber Pro, is applied to students who finish the higher education cycle. The result obtained by a student on the Saber 11 exam along with his/her gender, and socioeconomic stratum are our independent variables while the Saber Pro outcome is our dependent variable. We compare the results of two statistical models for the Saber Pro exam. The first model, multi-lineal regression or ordinary least squares (OLS), produces an overall well fitted result but is highly inaccurate for some students. The second model, quantile regression (QR), weight the population according to their quantile groups. OLS minimizes the errors for the students whose Saber Pro result is close to the mean (a process known as estimation in the mean) while QR can estimate in the -quantile for every . We show that QR is more accurate than OLS and reveal the unknown behavior of the socioeconomic stratum, the gender, and the initial academic endowments (estimated by the Saber 11 exam) for each quantile group.
{"title":"Value-added in higher education: ordinary least squares and quantile regression for a Colombian case","authors":"J. D. Bogoya, J. Bogoya, Alfonso J. Peñuela","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.61729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.61729","url":null,"abstract":"Colombia applies two mandatory National State tests every year. The first, known as Saber 11, is applied to students who finish the high school cycle, whereas the second, called Saber Pro, is applied to students who finish the higher education cycle. The result obtained by a student on the Saber 11 exam along with his/her gender, and socioeconomic stratum are our independent variables while the Saber Pro outcome is our dependent variable. We compare the results of two statistical models for the Saber Pro exam. The first model, multi-lineal regression or ordinary least squares (OLS), produces an overall well fitted result but is highly inaccurate for some students. The second model, quantile regression (QR), weight the population according to their quantile groups. OLS minimizes the errors for the students whose Saber Pro result is close to the mean (a process known as estimation in the mean) while QR can estimate in the -quantile for every . We show that QR is more accurate than OLS and reveal the unknown behavior of the socioeconomic stratum, the gender, and the initial academic endowments (estimated by the Saber 11 exam) for each quantile group.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"3 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85141166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.59656
A. Correa, M. Cuenca, C. Zuluaga, M. Scampicchio, M. Quicazán
Honey is a natural sweetener and its quality labels are associated to its botanical or geographical origin, which is being established by palynological and sensorial analysis. The use of fast and non-invasive techniques such as an electronic nose can become an alternative for honey classification. In this study, the operational parameters of a commercial electronic nose were validated to determine the honey odor profile. A central composite design with five factors, three levels and 28 assays was used, varying sample amounts (1, 2 and 3 g), incubation temperature (30, 40 and 50 °C), incubation time 30 min), gas flow (50, 150 and 250 mL/min) and injection time (100, 200 and 300 s). The commercial nose had ten sensors. Repeatability was evaluated with a coefficient of variation of 10 %. The response surface methodology was used and the optimal operating conditions were: 3 g of sample, incubation at 50 °C for 17 min, gas flow of 100 mL/min and sampling time of 150 s. Finally, these parameters were used to analyze 19 samples of honey, which were classified according to their odor profiles, showing that it can be a useful tool to classify honey.
{"title":"Validation of honey-bee smelling profile by using a commercial electronic nose","authors":"A. Correa, M. Cuenca, C. Zuluaga, M. Scampicchio, M. Quicazán","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.59656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V37N3.59656","url":null,"abstract":"Honey is a natural sweetener and its quality labels are associated to its botanical or geographical origin, which is being established by palynological and sensorial analysis. The use of fast and non-invasive techniques such as an electronic nose can become an alternative for honey classification. In this study, the operational parameters of a commercial electronic nose were validated to determine the honey odor profile. A central composite design with five factors, three levels and 28 assays was used, varying sample amounts (1, 2 and 3 g), incubation temperature (30, 40 and 50 °C), incubation time 30 min), gas flow (50, 150 and 250 mL/min) and injection time (100, 200 and 300 s). The commercial nose had ten sensors. Repeatability was evaluated with a coefficient of variation of 10 %. The response surface methodology was used and the optimal operating conditions were: 3 g of sample, incubation at 50 °C for 17 min, gas flow of 100 mL/min and sampling time of 150 s. Finally, these parameters were used to analyze 19 samples of honey, which were classified according to their odor profiles, showing that it can be a useful tool to classify honey.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"13 1","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84791268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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