Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.93696
Tayfun Ozgur
This study focused experimentally on the evaluation of a higher alcohol biofuel utilization with diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine. To this effect, two different ternary higher alcohol biofuel blends with different percentages by volume were used, i.e., DA5 (85% diesel + 5% butanol +5% pentanol + 5% hexanol) and DA10 (70% diesel + 10% butanol + 10% pentanol + 10% hexanol). The performance and emission results were compared against reference standard diesel fuel. Experiments revealed the brake power (BP) values of the engine to be reduced due to the lower calorific value of the alcohols. In addition, this phenomenon led to increased levels of brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), which resulted in a higher fuel consumption to obtain unit power. Regarding emissions, carbon monoxide (CO) was reduced as a result of the additional oxygen content of alcohols, which triggered the more oxidized CO with oxygen. The results regarding unwanted nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were also attractive according to the alcohol utilized. Considerable reductions were obtained with alcohol mixtures when compared to diesel fuel, which can be explained by the reduced combustion temperatures in the cylinder, given the higher latent heat in the evaporation of alcohols.
{"title":"A Study on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Operated with Ternary Higher Alcohol Biofuel Blends","authors":"Tayfun Ozgur","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.93696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.93696","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused experimentally on the evaluation of a higher alcohol biofuel utilization with diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine. To this effect, two different ternary higher alcohol biofuel blends with different percentages by volume were used, i.e., DA5 (85% diesel + 5% butanol +5% pentanol + 5% hexanol) and DA10 (70% diesel + 10% butanol + 10% pentanol + 10% hexanol). The performance and emission results were compared against reference standard diesel fuel. Experiments revealed the brake power (BP) values of the engine to be reduced due to the lower calorific value of the alcohols. In addition, this phenomenon led to increased levels of brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), which resulted in a higher fuel consumption to obtain unit power. Regarding emissions, carbon monoxide (CO) was reduced as a result of the additional oxygen content of alcohols, which triggered the more oxidized CO with oxygen. The results regarding unwanted nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were also attractive according to the alcohol utilized. Considerable reductions were obtained with alcohol mixtures when compared to diesel fuel, which can be explained by the reduced combustion temperatures in the cylinder, given the higher latent heat in the evaporation of alcohols.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.103276
Luis Eduardo Gallego-Vega, María A. Casadiego
This paper describes a gender-based research work on academic performance in engineering students. This study is based on the results of 9 469 students from Universidad Nacional de Colombia in the college`s Admission and exit standard tests (the latter known as Saber Pro Tests). Tools such as descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and data mining are used to estimate both gaps and leaps in scores per gender. These tools are not only used to estimate said gaps, but also to determine whether these gaps are broadened or closed throughout the university education process. The results show that there are still gender gaps in favor of men in the area of mathematics, even in STEM programs. On the contrary, a gap in favor of women is noted in the area of writing, although a decline is also observed in reading comprehension skills for both genders. On the other hand, in terms of the global scores, women improve more than men as a result of their undergraduate experience. Finally, purely disciplinary competencies exhibit a notorious gender gap in favor of men, which should lead to future reforms in this type of programs.
{"title":"A Gender Gap Analysis on Academic Performance in Engineering Students on Admission and Exit Standardized Tests","authors":"Luis Eduardo Gallego-Vega, María A. Casadiego","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.103276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.103276","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a gender-based research work on academic performance in engineering students. This study is based on the results of 9 469 students from Universidad Nacional de Colombia in the college`s Admission and exit standard tests (the latter known as Saber Pro Tests). Tools such as descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and data mining are used to estimate both gaps and leaps in scores per gender. These tools are not only used to estimate said gaps, but also to determine whether these gaps are broadened or closed throughout the university education process. The results show that there are still gender gaps in favor of men in the area of mathematics, even in STEM programs. On the contrary, a gap in favor of women is noted in the area of writing, although a decline is also observed in reading comprehension skills for both genders. On the other hand, in terms of the global scores, women improve more than men as a result of their undergraduate experience. Finally, purely disciplinary competencies exhibit a notorious gender gap in favor of men, which should lead to future reforms in this type of programs.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.90748
Hatice Catal Reis, Bulent Bayram
Image processing techniques are applied in many fields of science. This study aims to detect tumors in the foot and create 3D models via computed tomography (CT), as well as to produce biometric data. 1 039 CT images were obtained from a server. The parameters used were a collimation of 64 detectors, a scanning thickness of 0,5-3 mm, and a pixel size of 512 x 512, with a radiometric resolution of the 16-bit gray levels. Noise reduction, segmentation, and morphological analysis were performed on CT scans to detect bone tumors. In addition, this study used digital image processing techniques to create a virtual three-dimensional (3D) model of bone tumors. The performance of our proposal was evaluated by analyzing the receptor operating characteristics (ROC). According to the results, the sensitivity, specificity, and precision in tumor detection were 0,96, 1, and 0,98%, respectively, with a 0,99% average F-measure. Radiologist reports were used for the sake of comparison. The proposed technique for detecting bone tumors of the foot via CT can help radiologists with its increased precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F-measure. This method could improve the diagnosis of foot and ankle tumors by allowing for the multidirectional quantification of abnormalities.
图像处理技术应用于许多科学领域。这项研究旨在检测足部肿瘤，并通过计算机断层扫描(CT)创建3D模型，以及产生生物识别数据。从服务器获取CT图像1 039张。使用的参数是64个探测器的准直，扫描厚度为0,5-3 mm，像素尺寸为512 x 512，辐射分辨率为16位灰度级。在CT扫描上进行降噪、分割和形态学分析以检测骨肿瘤。此外，本研究使用数字图像处理技术创建了骨肿瘤的虚拟三维(3D)模型。通过分析受体工作特性(ROC)来评估我们的建议的性能。结果显示，肿瘤检测的敏感性、特异性和精确性分别为0.96、1%和0.98%，平均f值为0.99%。放射科医生的报告用于比较。提出的通过CT检测足部骨肿瘤的技术可以帮助放射科医生提高精度、灵敏度、特异性和F-measure。该方法可以通过对异常的多向量化来提高足部和踝关节肿瘤的诊断。
{"title":"An Automatic Approach for Bone Tumor Detection from Non-Standard CT Images","authors":"Hatice Catal Reis, Bulent Bayram","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.90748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.90748","url":null,"abstract":"Image processing techniques are applied in many fields of science. This study aims to detect tumors in the foot and create 3D models via computed tomography (CT), as well as to produce biometric data. 1 039 CT images were obtained from a server. The parameters used were a collimation of 64 detectors, a scanning thickness of 0,5-3 mm, and a pixel size of 512 x 512, with a radiometric resolution of the 16-bit gray levels. Noise reduction, segmentation, and morphological analysis were performed on CT scans to detect bone tumors. In addition, this study used digital image processing techniques to create a virtual three-dimensional (3D) model of bone tumors. The performance of our proposal was evaluated by analyzing the receptor operating characteristics (ROC). According to the results, the sensitivity, specificity, and precision in tumor detection were 0,96, 1, and 0,98%, respectively, with a 0,99% average F-measure. Radiologist reports were used for the sake of comparison. The proposed technique for detecting bone tumors of the foot via CT can help radiologists with its increased precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F-measure. This method could improve the diagnosis of foot and ankle tumors by allowing for the multidirectional quantification of abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136162233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.101082
Anupkumar G. Ekbote, Lohitkumar Nainegali
In practice, footings are rarely laid on the surface or at ground level; usually, they are embedded in the soil medium. Most studies focus on surface footings. This research examines the behavior of two interfering asymmetric footings while considering their widths to be dissimilar and the effect of embedment depth to enhance the ultimate bearing capacity and limit the settlement within the working range. This was evaluated through the finite element method of the ABAQUS software. The soil was assumed to have a Mohr-Coulomb failure, and the asymmetry corresponded to the footing widths. The results are presented in terms of interference factors, i.e., the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) and the settlement, which are defined as the UBC/settlement ratio of the left/right footing in the presence of the other one placed on reinforced soil. This, in comparison with an identical isolated footing on unreinforced soil. Interference is more significant in small footings than in large ones. Due to behavioral variations, the bearing capacity and settlement are different. This effect increases with an increase in the width of large footings, and the interference factors decrease with an increase in the embedment depth of the footings. When the right footing width is twice that of the other and considering one layer of reinforcement and soil friction angles of 30º and 40º, the percent increments in the bearing capacity of interfering left footings, for a spacing of 0,5 times the left footing width, are 104 and 148%, respectively.
{"title":"Study on Closely Spaced Asymmetric Footings Embedded in a Reinforced Soil Medium","authors":"Anupkumar G. Ekbote, Lohitkumar Nainegali","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.101082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.101082","url":null,"abstract":"In practice, footings are rarely laid on the surface or at ground level; usually, they are embedded in the soil medium. Most studies focus on surface footings. This research examines the behavior of two interfering asymmetric footings while considering their widths to be dissimilar and the effect of embedment depth to enhance the ultimate bearing capacity and limit the settlement within the working range. This was evaluated through the finite element method of the ABAQUS software. The soil was assumed to have a Mohr-Coulomb failure, and the asymmetry corresponded to the footing widths. The results are presented in terms of interference factors, i.e., the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) and the settlement, which are defined as the UBC/settlement ratio of the left/right footing in the presence of the other one placed on reinforced soil. This, in comparison with an identical isolated footing on unreinforced soil. Interference is more significant in small footings than in large ones. Due to behavioral variations, the bearing capacity and settlement are different. This effect increases with an increase in the width of large footings, and the interference factors decrease with an increase in the embedment depth of the footings. When the right footing width is twice that of the other and considering one layer of reinforcement and soil friction angles of 30º and 40º, the percent increments in the bearing capacity of interfering left footings, for a spacing of 0,5 times the left footing width, are 104 and 148%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136162235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.95685
Diego Felipe Prieto-Morales, José Luis Caballero-Gómez, Willian Arnulfo Aperador-Chaparro, Juan Hilario Martínez-Pinilla
Aiming to evaluate the useful life of biomaterials used in joint prostheses, this study performed different wear tests in stainless steel 316L, a biomaterial used in hip joint replacements. The tests were carried out in a dry medium, with the help of an equipment that was improved regarding some of its characteristics and allows conducting wear tests via the contact of two bodies, one of them being the biomaterial under study and the other one a sphere of a harder material. For the evaluation, a device was developed to change the rotation of the sphere, varying the angle it traveled and the frequency with which it did it. Once the improvements were made to the aforementioned equipment, tests were conducted which involved obtaining wear tracks in order to observe the surface morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to measure the length and the width of the tracks, with which the biomaterial wear coefficient was obtained for each case studied. In these tests, the wear coefficient showed variations with respect to the sphere’s angle of travel.
{"title":"Upgrade and Modification of a Machine for Micro-Abrasion Wear Testing in Simulated Biological Environments with Oscillatory Motion","authors":"Diego Felipe Prieto-Morales, José Luis Caballero-Gómez, Willian Arnulfo Aperador-Chaparro, Juan Hilario Martínez-Pinilla","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.95685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.95685","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming to evaluate the useful life of biomaterials used in joint prostheses, this study performed different wear tests in stainless steel 316L, a biomaterial used in hip joint replacements. The tests were carried out in a dry medium, with the help of an equipment that was improved regarding some of its characteristics and allows conducting wear tests via the contact of two bodies, one of them being the biomaterial under study and the other one a sphere of a harder material. For the evaluation, a device was developed to change the rotation of the sphere, varying the angle it traveled and the frequency with which it did it. Once the improvements were made to the aforementioned equipment, tests were conducted which involved obtaining wear tracks in order to observe the surface morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to measure the length and the width of the tracks, with which the biomaterial wear coefficient was obtained for each case studied. In these tests, the wear coefficient showed variations with respect to the sphere’s angle of travel.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136162234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.101349
Rafael Granillo-Macias
With a focus on the problems faced by the education sector, this article shows the main technological tools used by teachers for remote teaching in an engineering education program during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a case study in a Latin American university positioned in the QS World University Ranking, the tools most frequently used for communication, storing information, messaging, and sharing learning videos are described. This study examines engineering’s areas of knowledge, considering that learning them poses a challenge for teaching in virtual environments due to the need to carry out laboratory practices. Using statistical methods, the relationships between the areas of the education program, the teachers’ sociodemographic variables, and the technological tools used to offer online classes during the lockdown are described. The results show that, from the perspective of the teacher and for the field of engineering, the tools with the most significant effect, in sometimes essential for teaching during the pandemic, were those related to the Google platforms, which were used in 75% of the cases for video communication and storage. Meanwhile, with 44 and 56% WhatsApp and Moodle, were the most used for messaging and sharing contents and learning materials.
{"title":"Adapting to Remote Learning during COVID-19: An Engineering Education Approach","authors":"Rafael Granillo-Macias","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.101349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.101349","url":null,"abstract":"With a focus on the problems faced by the education sector, this article shows the main technological tools used by teachers for remote teaching in an engineering education program during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a case study in a Latin American university positioned in the QS World University Ranking, the tools most frequently used for communication, storing information, messaging, and sharing learning videos are described. This study examines engineering’s areas of knowledge, considering that learning them poses a challenge for teaching in virtual environments due to the need to carry out laboratory practices. Using statistical methods, the relationships between the areas of the education program, the teachers’ sociodemographic variables, and the technological tools used to offer online classes during the lockdown are described. The results show that, from the perspective of the teacher and for the field of engineering, the tools with the most significant effect, in sometimes essential for teaching during the pandemic, were those related to the Google platforms, which were used in 75% of the cases for video communication and storage. Meanwhile, with 44 and 56% WhatsApp and Moodle, were the most used for messaging and sharing contents and learning materials.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136162232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.98094
Bengisu Yalcinkaya Gokdogan, Remziye Busra Coruk, Mohamed Benzaghta, Ali Kara
This study presents an improved hybrid-flipped classroom (hybrid-FC) education method based on technology-enhanced learning (TEL) along with diluted classes for a course on probability and random processes in engineering. The proposed system was implemented with the participation of two student groups who alternated weekly between attending face-to-face activities and fully online classes as a sanitary measure during the pandemic. The education model was combined with the flipped classroom (FC) approach in order to improve the quality of learning and address the negative effects of remote education. Before the lessons, the students studied the course material, filled a question form, and then took a low-stake online quiz. Then, the students attended a session where the questions reported in the forms were discussed, and they took an online problem-solving session followed by an individual quiz. Class sessions were available to both online and face-to-face students, as well as in the form of video recordings for anyone who missed lessons. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the proposed education method proved to be more effective and comprehensive than conventional online methodologies. The students' performances were evaluated via quizzes and exams measuring the achievement of the course learning outcomes (CLOs). Weekly pre/post-tests were applied to examine the students’ progress in each topic. Midterm and final exams were planned to measure the level of success for all course topics. Additionally, the students' perception was assessed with questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. A performance assessment showed an apparent increase in the success rate, and the students' perception was found to be positive.
{"title":"A Hybrid-Flipped Classroom Approach: Students’ Perception and Performance Assessment","authors":"Bengisu Yalcinkaya Gokdogan, Remziye Busra Coruk, Mohamed Benzaghta, Ali Kara","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.98094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.98094","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an improved hybrid-flipped classroom (hybrid-FC) education method based on technology-enhanced learning (TEL) along with diluted classes for a course on probability and random processes in engineering. The proposed system was implemented with the participation of two student groups who alternated weekly between attending face-to-face activities and fully online classes as a sanitary measure during the pandemic. The education model was combined with the flipped classroom (FC) approach in order to improve the quality of learning and address the negative effects of remote education. Before the lessons, the students studied the course material, filled a question form, and then took a low-stake online quiz. Then, the students attended a session where the questions reported in the forms were discussed, and they took an online problem-solving session followed by an individual quiz. Class sessions were available to both online and face-to-face students, as well as in the form of video recordings for anyone who missed lessons. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the proposed education method proved to be more effective and comprehensive than conventional online methodologies. The students' performances were evaluated via quizzes and exams measuring the achievement of the course learning outcomes (CLOs). Weekly pre/post-tests were applied to examine the students’ progress in each topic. Midterm and final exams were planned to measure the level of success for all course topics. Additionally, the students' perception was assessed with questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. A performance assessment showed an apparent increase in the success rate, and the students' perception was found to be positive.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136162230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.105003
Cristopher Edgar Camargo-Roa, Carlos E. Pacheco-Angulo, Sergio A. Monjardin-Armenta, Roberto López-Falcón, Tatiana Gómez-Orgulloso
The aim of this research was to identify eroded areas and areas at risk of erosion (EAER) as indicators of soil degradation by water erosion in a semiarid watershed of the Venezuelan Andes in 2017. To this effect, remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) were used, focusing on spectral reflectance data from a satellite image, given the absence of continuous pluviographic information and data on soil properties in developing countries. This methodology involved estimating the potential water erosion risk (PWER) and mapping eroded and erosion risk areas (EAER) based on calculating the spectral Euclidean distance to bare soils and a remote sensing technique, which was selected via linear regression. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were determined to define classification thresholds, which were validated by means of a supervised classification and associated to PWER values. The main results indicate that EAER1 identified more eroded areas with bare soils (229,77 ha) as opposed to EAER2 (195,57 ha). Similarly, it was evident that the first alternative was more successful that the second (sum of the first three principal components). The PWER analysis, in addition to the erosion mapping developed and other data and criteria, such as mini-mum area size of interest, could help to consider necessary soil conservation measures.
{"title":"Identification of Eroded and Erosion Risk Areas Using Remote Sensing and GIS in the Quebrada Seca watershed","authors":"Cristopher Edgar Camargo-Roa, Carlos E. Pacheco-Angulo, Sergio A. Monjardin-Armenta, Roberto López-Falcón, Tatiana Gómez-Orgulloso","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.105003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.105003","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to identify eroded areas and areas at risk of erosion (EAER) as indicators of soil degradation by water erosion in a semiarid watershed of the Venezuelan Andes in 2017. To this effect, remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) were used, focusing on spectral reflectance data from a satellite image, given the absence of continuous pluviographic information and data on soil properties in developing countries. This methodology involved estimating the potential water erosion risk (PWER) and mapping eroded and erosion risk areas (EAER) based on calculating the spectral Euclidean distance to bare soils and a remote sensing technique, which was selected via linear regression. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were determined to define classification thresholds, which were validated by means of a supervised classification and associated to PWER values. The main results indicate that EAER1 identified more eroded areas with bare soils (229,77 ha) as opposed to EAER2 (195,57 ha). Similarly, it was evident that the first alternative was more successful that the second (sum of the first three principal components). The PWER analysis, in addition to the erosion mapping developed and other data and criteria, such as mini-mum area size of interest, could help to consider necessary soil conservation measures.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136162229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.102248
Diana Maria Torres-Ricaurte, David Chen, Mónica K. Villavicencio, Carlos M. Zapata
Interoperability is a property of software quality that is related to the cooperation between software systems for exchanging information. However, this concept is not well explained or understood. A theory would be useful to explain interoperability in terms of its essential elements and propositions. Theoretical contributions of interoperability are intended to formalize this concept by using common frameworks, models, and meta-models. However, tentative contributions developed in the past have failed to propose a theory of interoperability due to four reasons: (1) a disunified vocabulary is used, (2) the essential elements for describing interoperability are not well identified, (3) only a single level of interoperability is assessed, and (4) interoperability principles are not well formalized. This paper tentatively proposes an axiomatic theory of interoperability as a complementary approach to the existing knowledge. The proposed theory seeks to better formalize the concepts of interoperability and suggest actions aimed at establishing interoperability. After a brief review of related works and the state of the art, a set of axioms and propositions is presented. This theory is evaluated by a group of experts, and an example is presented to illustrate its use. Conclusions and future works are outlined at the end of the paper.
{"title":"Towards a Theory of Interoperability of Software Systems","authors":"Diana Maria Torres-Ricaurte, David Chen, Mónica K. Villavicencio, Carlos M. Zapata","doi":"10.15446/ing.investig.102248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.102248","url":null,"abstract":"Interoperability is a property of software quality that is related to the cooperation between software systems for exchanging information. However, this concept is not well explained or understood. A theory would be useful to explain interoperability in terms of its essential elements and propositions. Theoretical contributions of interoperability are intended to formalize this concept by using common frameworks, models, and meta-models. However, tentative contributions developed in the past have failed to propose a theory of interoperability due to four reasons: (1) a disunified vocabulary is used, (2) the essential elements for describing interoperability are not well identified, (3) only a single level of interoperability is assessed, and (4) interoperability principles are not well formalized. This paper tentatively proposes an axiomatic theory of interoperability as a complementary approach to the existing knowledge. The proposed theory seeks to better formalize the concepts of interoperability and suggest actions aimed at establishing interoperability. After a brief review of related works and the state of the art, a set of axioms and propositions is presented. This theory is evaluated by a group of experts, and an example is presented to illustrate its use. Conclusions and future works are outlined at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136162231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.15446/ing.investig.100218
Luis E. Gallego, Diego A. Tibaduiza, Jhon Jairo Ramírez-Echeverry, Hernando Díaz-Morales
Accreditation processes not only recognize the high quality of curricular programs; they also guarantee their continuous self-improvement. This paper aims to socialize the curricular experiences in the Electrical and Electronics Engineering programs of Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá Campus) within the decade-long efforts to achieve international ABET accreditation in 2021. This work thoroughly describes the implementation of the CDIO curriculum design methodology and its subsequent transition towards a curricular assessment based on learning outcomes. The results of some qualitative studies regarding the perceptions of faculty and alumni are presented, as well as a detailed proposal of the skills to be developed in each year of the syllabus, establishing their level of implementation. Moreover, a detailed description is provided regarding the methodology adopted for measuring performance indices during four semesters and the main results of the assessment of each learning outcome. Finally, the main curricular challenges to be addressed over the following years within the Electrical and Electronics Engineering programs are described.
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