Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.87365
D. Saavedra, Jorge Núñez, J. F. S. Duque, C. Real
In Colombia, approximately 855 840 tons of arracacha are produced each year. The unsalable postharvest arracacha root (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) is not commercialized, mainly due to mechanical damage or small and misshapen roots. In this work, dry samples were characterized and subjected to two treatments: one using thermal hydrolysis, applying saturated steam at pressures of 0,1034 MPa, 0,2068 MPa, and 0,4137 MPa; and another one using hydrolysis with sulfuric acid in concentrations between 0,252,00 M. Then, the cake resulting from the hydrolysis and filtration process was enzymatically hydrolyzed (Liquozyme SC DS, Novozymes) at 1,5, 5 and 10 KNU/g (pH 6, 80 _C, 2 h). Fermentation inhibitors (acetic acid and furfural) were evaluated in the best pretreatment. The results showed that the treatment with sulfuric acid at 1,00 M (2 h) has high yields in reducing sugars added to enzymatic hydrolysis. The maximum level of fermentable carbohydrates per gram of dry sample (1,04 g/g) was also reached. Regarding the fermentation inhibitors of the reducing sugar, a higher concentration of acetic acid was found with a lower furfural content. Therefore, arracacha discards are a promising raw material to increase the supply of bioethanol.
{"title":"Study of Carbohydrate Hydrolysis From Arracacha Roots (Arracacia Xanthorriza Bancroft) to Produce Fermentable Sugars","authors":"D. Saavedra, Jorge Núñez, J. F. S. Duque, C. Real","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.87365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.87365","url":null,"abstract":"In Colombia, approximately 855 840 tons of arracacha are produced each year. The unsalable postharvest arracacha root (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) is not commercialized, mainly due to mechanical damage or small and misshapen roots. In this work, dry samples were characterized and subjected to two treatments: one using thermal hydrolysis, applying saturated steam at pressures of 0,1034 MPa, 0,2068 MPa, and 0,4137 MPa; and another one using hydrolysis with sulfuric acid in concentrations between 0,252,00 M. Then, the cake resulting from the hydrolysis and filtration process was enzymatically hydrolyzed (Liquozyme SC DS, Novozymes) at 1,5, 5 and 10 KNU/g (pH 6, 80 _C, 2 h). Fermentation inhibitors (acetic acid and furfural) were evaluated in the best pretreatment. The results showed that the treatment with sulfuric acid at 1,00 M (2 h) has high yields in reducing sugars added to enzymatic hydrolysis. The maximum level of fermentable carbohydrates per gram of dry sample (1,04 g/g) was also reached. Regarding the fermentation inhibitors of the reducing sugar, a higher concentration of acetic acid was found with a lower furfural content. Therefore, arracacha discards are a promising raw material to increase the supply of bioethanol.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"36 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75058839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-03DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.83114
F. Magnani, Paulo D'Avila Garcia Neto, Fernando Wesley Cavalcanti de Araújo, Alcides Luiz dos Anjos Hora, Daniel Arraes de Alencar Valença
The fleet of developing countries consists of motorcycles and cars. This heterogeneous traffic condition has its advantages and disadvantages, which results in conflicting points of view (e.g., motorcyclists enjoying a higher mobility while car drivers resent their decreased speed). In this paper, we corroborated the notion that traffic evaluation depends on the chosen metric (e.g., vehicle flow, fuel consumption, monthly costs) and the point of view (driver, rider, and policy makers). To this effect, we studied a mixed traffic condition, considering that the vehicle performance is affected by three scales: engine, vehicle, and traffic. We modeled the engine using empirical correlations of power and energy efficiency, the vehicle based on a balance of propulsive and resistive forces, and traffic with a cellular automata model. We simulated 189 traffic conditions and evaluated vehicle flow, average energy consumption, total CO2 emission of the road, and monthly costs. We also discussed the results from the point of view of the driver, rider, and society. We concluded that the optimal condition depends both on the choice of metric and point of view, and that is not appropriate to use results from homogeneous traffic to analyze heterogeneous traffic conditions, even if both scenarios present the same total vehicle flow.
{"title":"Multimetric Analysis of a Simulated Mixed Traffic of Motorcycles and Automobiles: Flow, Energy, CO2 and Costs","authors":"F. Magnani, Paulo D'Avila Garcia Neto, Fernando Wesley Cavalcanti de Araújo, Alcides Luiz dos Anjos Hora, Daniel Arraes de Alencar Valença","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.83114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.83114","url":null,"abstract":"The fleet of developing countries consists of motorcycles and cars. This heterogeneous traffic condition has its advantages and disadvantages, which results in conflicting points of view (e.g., motorcyclists enjoying a higher mobility while car drivers resent their decreased speed). In this paper, we corroborated the notion that traffic evaluation depends on the chosen metric (e.g., vehicle flow, fuel consumption, monthly costs) and the point of view (driver, rider, and policy makers). To this effect, we studied a mixed traffic condition, considering that the vehicle performance is affected by three scales: engine, vehicle, and traffic. We modeled the engine using empirical correlations of power and energy efficiency, the vehicle based on a balance of propulsive and resistive forces, and traffic with a cellular automata model. We simulated 189 traffic conditions and evaluated vehicle flow, average energy consumption, total CO2 emission of the road, and monthly costs. We also discussed the results from the point of view of the driver, rider, and society. We concluded that the optimal condition depends both on the choice of metric and point of view, and that is not appropriate to use results from homogeneous traffic to analyze heterogeneous traffic conditions, even if both scenarios present the same total vehicle flow.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"4 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78899452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-03DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89641
Orlando Francisco Gahona Flores
The objective of this research was to identify the criteria for the selection of sustainable suppliers in the supply chain of copper mining located in the Antofagasta region in Chile, through the information obtained in the application of a survey managers mining companies in 2018. The research results show that mining companies use economic, environmental and social criteria in the selection of sustainable suppliers, which are consistent with the research carried out by Dickson (1966) and Zimmer, Frohling and Schultmann ( 2016). However, the differentiation that mining companies make in the evaluation of criteria when it comes to suppliers of goods or service providers stands out as an important finding. In the case of suppliers of goods, economic criteria are valued more preferably, such as: quality, delivery on time, price, historical performance and previous sales. On the other hand, when it comes to service providers, environmental and social criteria, such as: occupational health and safety management and environmental management, are valued with greater importance.
{"title":"Selection Criteria for Sustainable Suppliers in the Supply Chain of Copper Mining in Chile","authors":"Orlando Francisco Gahona Flores","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89641","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to identify the criteria for the selection of sustainable suppliers in the supply chain of copper mining located in the Antofagasta region in Chile, through the information obtained in the application of a survey managers mining companies in 2018. The research results show that mining companies use economic, environmental and social criteria in the selection of sustainable suppliers, which are consistent with the research carried out by Dickson (1966) and Zimmer, Frohling and Schultmann ( 2016). However, the differentiation that mining companies make in the evaluation of criteria when it comes to suppliers of goods or service providers stands out as an important finding. In the case of suppliers of goods, economic criteria are valued more preferably, such as: quality, delivery on time, price, historical performance and previous sales. On the other hand, when it comes to service providers, environmental and social criteria, such as: occupational health and safety management and environmental management, are valued with greater importance.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"44 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79789112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-03DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89831
David Choque-Quispe, Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez, Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco, Saida Leguía Damiano, Miriam Calla-Florez, Lourdes Magaly Zamalloa Puma, Luisa Colque Condeña
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is a pseudocereal with a high nutritional potential and a significant content of bioactive compounds, which is consumed mainly by the inhabitants of the South American Andes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein content, total phenols, and antioxidant activity of quinoa grains of the Salcedo INIA, Pasankalla, and Negra collana varieties, germinated for 24 and 48 hours at 35 °C. Organic quinoa grains were grown in the Andahuaylas province in Peru, at an altitude of 3582 m. The protein content was determined through the Kjeldahl method, total phenols, in turn, by spectrophotometry with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and the antioxidant activity of the DPPH type were registered. The data were analyzed through an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), a Tukey test, and Pearson’s correlation at 5% significance. The germinated quinoa grains showed a considerable increase (p < 0,05) in their protein content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity, as well as a strong positive correlation with the size of sprouts during the germination time. Therefore, germinated quinoa could be considered as a promising product for human nutrition and health.
{"title":"Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, and Protein Content of Three Varieties of Germinated Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)","authors":"David Choque-Quispe, Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez, Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco, Saida Leguía Damiano, Miriam Calla-Florez, Lourdes Magaly Zamalloa Puma, Luisa Colque Condeña","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N2.89831","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is a pseudocereal with a high nutritional potential and a significant content of bioactive compounds, which is consumed mainly by the inhabitants of the South American Andes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein content, total phenols, and antioxidant activity of quinoa grains of the Salcedo INIA, Pasankalla, and Negra collana varieties, germinated for 24 and 48 hours at 35 °C. Organic quinoa grains were grown in the Andahuaylas province in Peru, at an altitude of 3582 m. The protein content was determined through the Kjeldahl method, total phenols, in turn, by spectrophotometry with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and the antioxidant activity of the DPPH type were registered. The data were analyzed through an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), a Tukey test, and Pearson’s correlation at 5% significance. The germinated quinoa grains showed a considerable increase (p < 0,05) in their protein content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity, as well as a strong positive correlation with the size of sprouts during the germination time. Therefore, germinated quinoa could be considered as a promising product for human nutrition and health.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84068548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.83905
Elkin Dario Granados Hernández, N. L. Diaz Aldana, Adriana Carolina Luna Hernández
Energy management systems are one of the most important components in the operation of an electric microgrid. They are responsible for ensuring the supervision of the electrical system, as well as the coordination and reliability of all loads and distributed energy resources in order for the microgrid to be operated as a unified entity. Because of that, an energy management system should be fast enough at processing data and defining control action to guarantee the correct performance of the microgrid. This paper explores the design and implementation of an energy management system deployed over a dedicated electronic device. The proposed energy management device coordinates the distributed energy resources and loads in a residential-scale islanded microgrid, in accordance with a rule-based energy management strategy that ensures reliable and safe operation of the battery-based energy storage system. A hardware-int-he-loop test was performed with a real-time simulation platform to show the operation of the electronic device.
{"title":"Energy Management Electronic Device for Islanded Microgrids Based on Renewable Energy Sources and Battery-based Energy Storage","authors":"Elkin Dario Granados Hernández, N. L. Diaz Aldana, Adriana Carolina Luna Hernández","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.83905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.83905","url":null,"abstract":"Energy management systems are one of the most important components in the operation of an electric microgrid. They are responsible for ensuring the supervision of the electrical system, as well as the coordination and reliability of all loads and distributed energy resources in order for the microgrid to be operated as a unified entity. Because of that, an energy management system should be fast enough at processing data and defining control action to guarantee the correct performance of the microgrid. This paper explores the design and implementation of an energy management system deployed over a dedicated electronic device. The proposed energy management device coordinates the distributed energy resources and loads in a residential-scale islanded microgrid, in accordance with a rule-based energy management strategy that ensures reliable and safe operation of the battery-based energy storage system. A hardware-int-he-loop test was performed with a real-time simulation platform to show the operation of the electronic device.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85304840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-27DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84611
C. Rosales
Hazard mapping of shallow landslides associated with infiltration processes at a regional scale was carried out by means of the spatial and temporal distribution of safety factor and its classification, within hazard level ranges, into cells that represent hillside units in Sapuyes river basin, located near the city of Pasto in the Nariño department. Hazard assessment follows the theoretical approaches of the Iverson model, which takes into account the redistribution of underground pore pressures associated with the transient infiltration of the rain and its effects on the time and location of landslides, considering that shallow landslides are associated with periods of rain with a short duration and greater intensity. Results showed that both the pressure heads and the safety factor are valid approximations for hazard analysis at regional scale and allow observing the transient physical process involved in the development of shallow landslides.
{"title":"Hazard Maps of Shallow Landslides Associated to Infiltration Processes in the Sapuyes River Basin","authors":"C. Rosales","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84611","url":null,"abstract":"Hazard mapping of shallow landslides associated with infiltration processes at a regional scale was carried out by means of the spatial and temporal distribution of safety factor and its classification, within hazard level ranges, into cells that represent hillside units in Sapuyes river basin, located near the city of Pasto in the Nariño department. Hazard assessment follows the theoretical approaches of the Iverson model, which takes into account the redistribution of underground pore pressures associated with the transient infiltration of the rain and its effects on the time and location of landslides, considering that shallow landslides are associated with periods of rain with a short duration and greater intensity. Results showed that both the pressure heads and the safety factor are valid approximations for hazard analysis at regional scale and allow observing the transient physical process involved in the development of shallow landslides.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89533243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.81531
J. Setiawan, M. Ariyanto, Sri Nugroho, R. Ismail, Tedi Purbayanto, H. Sihombing
A hand is one of the essential limbs on the human body that is used for daily activities. The aim of this research is to develop a soft exoskeleton hand to assist people with hand deterioration. The developed exo-glove is made of low-cost RTV (room-temperature vulcanizing) silicone rubber with a motor-tendon actuation system that produces the flexion and extension motion. Here, the actuator converts rotation motion into linear motion from DC motor, while a potentiometer sensor is utilized to measure the rotation angle on the actuator system, in which fuzzy logic control (FLC) is employed for controlling the motion of the proposed motor-tendon actuator. To validate the function and mechanism of the developed soft exoskeleton glove, testing was conducted towards the FLC performance on the healthy human hand for various object grasping tests. Based on the test results, this study shows that the soft glove can be implemented on the human hand as an assistive device.
{"title":"Fuzzy Logic Control for a Soft Exoskeleton Glove Using a Motor-Tendon Actuator","authors":"J. Setiawan, M. Ariyanto, Sri Nugroho, R. Ismail, Tedi Purbayanto, H. Sihombing","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.81531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.81531","url":null,"abstract":"A hand is one of the essential limbs on the human body that is used for daily activities. The aim of this research is to develop a soft exoskeleton hand to assist people with hand deterioration. The developed exo-glove is made of low-cost RTV (room-temperature vulcanizing) silicone rubber with a motor-tendon actuation system that produces the flexion and extension motion. Here, the actuator converts rotation motion into linear motion from DC motor, while a potentiometer sensor is utilized to measure the rotation angle on the actuator system, in which fuzzy logic control (FLC) is employed for controlling the motion of the proposed motor-tendon actuator. To validate the function and mechanism of the developed soft exoskeleton glove, testing was conducted towards the FLC performance on the healthy human hand for various object grasping tests. Based on the test results, this study shows that the soft glove can be implemented on the human hand as an assistive device.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90644877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.81484
Victor Cerda-Mejía, A. Pérez-Martínez, Estela Guardado-Yordi, Galo Cerda-Mejía, K. Diéguez-Santana, Isnel Benítez-Cortés, E. González-Suárez
This work proposes to increase the acceptability of the sensory quality attributes of sugarcane honey by simulating and decreasing the uncertainty of operational parameters. To this effect, it relies on the development of a case study through a strategy that contemplates the analysis of the initial data and performs calculations through the use of mathematical models, the determination of the Sigma quality level, and the use of the GUM methodology (Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement). It was demonstrated that a range with a great variability in the initial operational parameters generated a Sigma level of less than three and a decrease in revenues of 30-52% due to low product sales for the studied productions. By decreasing pH uncertainty from 3,79 to 4,21, and Brix degrees from 75,13 to 76,88, an increase in the Sigma level of quality was observed, which exceeded six, in compliance with product quality specifications, as well as a reduction in economic losses due to defective products. The importance of quality in the product design and the process is evinced, given its influence on the acceptability of the product and the feasibility of the process.
{"title":"Simulation strategy to reduce quality uncertainty in the sugar cane honey process design","authors":"Victor Cerda-Mejía, A. Pérez-Martínez, Estela Guardado-Yordi, Galo Cerda-Mejía, K. Diéguez-Santana, Isnel Benítez-Cortés, E. González-Suárez","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.81484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.81484","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes to increase the acceptability of the sensory quality attributes of sugarcane honey by simulating and decreasing the uncertainty of operational parameters. To this effect, it relies on the development of a case study through a strategy that contemplates the analysis of the initial data and performs calculations through the use of mathematical models, the determination of the Sigma quality level, and the use of the GUM methodology (Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement). It was demonstrated that a range with a great variability in the initial operational parameters generated a Sigma level of less than three and a decrease in revenues of 30-52% due to low product sales for the studied productions. By decreasing pH uncertainty from 3,79 to 4,21, and Brix degrees from 75,13 to 76,88, an increase in the Sigma level of quality was observed, which exceeded six, in compliance with product quality specifications, as well as a reduction in economic losses due to defective products. The importance of quality in the product design and the process is evinced, given its influence on the acceptability of the product and the feasibility of the process.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89784885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84955
Clementina Rueda Germán, Iván de Jesús Rivas Cambero, H. Gabbar, José Humberto Arroyo Núñez
Synchrony plays a major role in the interconnection process between local electric power generation systems and the electrical grid. Grid phase disturbances prevent the generation system from maintaining synchrony. Therefore, an efficient phase tracking method is necessary in order to detect phase jumps and abrupt changes in amplitude. In this paper, we propose a software-designed method to strengthen phase tracking based on the wrap process of a second-level Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The term ‘wrap’ means establishing the phase values of the reference signal in intervals of π to match it with the values obtained from the PLL output (sync pulse). To quantify phase error, a mathematical transformation of the time domain to the frequency domain is implemented. The validity of the proposed wrap function is verified using electrical disturbances.
{"title":"PLL wrap function for synchronization in phase jump disturbances","authors":"Clementina Rueda Germán, Iván de Jesús Rivas Cambero, H. Gabbar, José Humberto Arroyo Núñez","doi":"10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V41N1.84955","url":null,"abstract":"Synchrony plays a major role in the interconnection process between local electric power generation systems and the electrical grid. Grid phase disturbances prevent the generation system from maintaining synchrony. Therefore, an efficient phase tracking method is necessary in order to detect phase jumps and abrupt changes in amplitude. In this paper, we propose a software-designed method to strengthen phase tracking based on the wrap process of a second-level Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The term ‘wrap’ means establishing the phase values of the reference signal in intervals of π to match it with the values obtained from the PLL output (sync pulse). To quantify phase error, a mathematical transformation of the time domain to the frequency domain is implemented. The validity of the proposed wrap function is verified using electrical disturbances.","PeriodicalId":21285,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ingenieria E Investigacion","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87519789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.15446/ING.INVESTIG.V40N3.82906
Luis Felipe Ariza Vesga, Johan Sebastián Eslava Garzón, Rafael Puerta Ramirez
Multi-Objective and Many-objective Optimization problems have been extensively solved through evolutionary algorithms over a few decades. Despite the fact that NSGA-II and NSGA-III are frequently employed as a reference for a comparative evaluation of new evolutionary algorithms, the latter is proprietary. In this paper, we used the basic framework of the NSGA-II, which is very similar to the NSGA-III, with significant changes in its selection operator. We took the first front generated at the non-dominating sort procedure to obtain nonnegative and nonrepeated extreme points. This opensource version of the NSGA-III is called EF1-NSGA-III, and its implementation does not start from scratch; that would be reinventing the wheel. Instead, we took the NSGA-II code from the authors in the repository of the Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory to extend the EF1-NSGA-III. We then adjusted its selection operator from diversity, based on the crowding distance, to the one found on reference points and preserved its parameters. After that, we continued with the adaptive EF1-NSGA-III (A-EF1-NSGA-III), and the efficient adaptive EF1-NSGA-III (A2-EF1-NSGA-III), while also contributing to explain how to generate different types of reference points. The proposed algorithms resolve optimization problems with constraints of up to 10 objective functions. We tested them on a wide range of benchmark problems, and they showed notable improvements in terms of convergence and diversity by using the Inverted Generational Distance (IGD) and the HyperVolume (HV) performance metrics. The EF1-NSGA-III aims to resolve the power consumption for Centralized Radio Access Networks and the BiObjective Minimum DiameterCost Spanning Tree problems.
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