Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova最新文献

The goal of the study was the definition of adult's possibilities of recognition the emotional state of typically developing (TD) and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), by facial expression, vocalizations and speech signals. Participants in the study were children with ASD (F 84.0 according to ICD-10), aged 5-16 years (n = 25) and typically developing (TD) children aged 4-7 years (n = 60). The analysis of child behavior, vocalizations and speech was performed for the purpose of stimulus selection. The peculiarities of emotion state recognition of TD children and ASD children by adults (n = 514) were revealed. It is shown that the emotional states of ASD children are better recognized by the features of vocalizations and speech than by facial expression. This finding is promising in terms of development of children with methods for assessing the characteristics of their voices, and to create an automatic speech recognition system for the purpose of teaching children with atypical development.

Analysis of results the telemetry monitoring of daily dynamics of heart rate variability in the control and experimental rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) has revealed different mechanisms of vegetative regulation of heart rate. In animals with chronic heart failure found a significant worsening of cardiac dysfunction at night and in the morning, accompanied by an increase in the variability of systolic and pulse pressure as well as the number of QTc intervals longer than 220 ms and Tpeak-Tend. This indicates the maximal high risk of fatal ventricular arrhythmias, leading to sudden cardiac death.

It is known that in various cell types bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes mitochondrial disfunction and promotes accumulation of triglycerides in intracellular lipid droplets. The precise mechanisms which mediate LPS-induced neutral lipid deposition remain poorly understood. In the present work performed on primary cultured epithelial cells isolated from the frog urinary bladder we studied the possible role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in LPS-in-duced alteration of lipid metabolism. It was shown that LPS stimulated ROS production, decrea- 705 sed fatty acids oxidation, enhanced intracellular triglyceride deposition and promoted the formation of lipid droplets visualized by Nile red staining. Pretreatment of cells with mitochondrial-tar-geted antioxidant MitoQ at dose 25 nM for 2 h almost completely eliminated all the above effects of LPS. In contrast to MitoQ, a-tocopherol was ineffective. The data obtained indicate that increase of mROS level is a critical factor that mediates LPS-induced intracellular deposition of neutral lipids in epithelial cells.

It is established that on the investigated physiological (body mass index, body fat, the index «waist circumference/hip circumference») and biochemical (total cholesterol, lipoproteins of high, low and very low density, triglycerides) indicators of a condition of the lipid metabolism group of patients highanxiety the phlegmatic and melancholic are groups at higher risk of developing complications of hypertension. I highanxiety the phlegmatic and melancholic, unlike the choleric and sanguine, the high content of atherogenic lipid fractions and obesity is combined not only with the highest level of complications, but three times the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction on acute ischemic stroke (3:1). Effect of antihypertensive therapy aimed at relief features of the psychosomatic status of patients, manifested prior 6 months compared with «empiric» treatment option; in addition, after 12 months of therapy the values of the investigated parameters approached or were equal in the groups of healthy persons of corresponding temperament and anxiety. Also decreased the number of complications of arterial hypertension. Antihypertensive therapy based on the relief features of psychosomatic status in patients with arterial hypertension, has proven to be more effective in groups highanxiety and lowanxiety patients.

Data on HSP70 involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis, received in last 10 years, cannot answer the question whether the decrease in stress-inducible Hsp70 brain expression is one of the reasons for progressive neurodegeneration in PD. In the present study, the inhibitor of HSPs expression quercetin was used in a rat model of nigrostriatal system proteasome dysfunction. This model was created by the microinjections of the specific proteasome activity inhibitor lactacystin, that was injected locally to the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The model reproduces the under-threshold level of nigrostriatal degeneration and neurochemical features characteristic of the preclinical PD stage. It was shown for the first time that quercetin pretreatment inhibited the LC-induced expression of Hsp70 in the SNpc neurons and increased in 1.5 times the dopamine (DA)-ergic neurons death and in 2.7 times the striatal DA-ergic axons degeneration. These changes were accompanied by the depletion of compensatory mechanisms and HSP70 content in the SNpc neurons and the appearance of the motor dysfunctions, typical for the clinical PD stage. The results of this investigation indicate the important role of Hsp70 in mechanisms of the nigrostriatal system protection in proteasome dysfunction, characteristic for the pre-clinical PD stage. The data obtained can be considered as the scientific basis for the development of new technologies for early PD therapy by exogenous Hsp70.

Reactivity of pial vessels in response to a brain surface irrigation by norepinephrine solution in rats, subjected to transient global cerebral ischemia (2VO+hypo model), was investigated. Four different groups of rats at 2, 7, 14 or 21 days after ischemia were subjected to microvascular studies using in vivo video microscopy method. The diameter changes of pial arteries and veins in response to norepinephrine were measured. It was established that cerebral ischemia led to increase the number of the constrictions to norepinephrine mainly at the vessels to relating to a group of small pial arteries and arterioles and pial veins of the 3rd generation. Reactivity changes were observed in all time points studied. These changes probably is connected with caused by ischemia the increase in reactivity and sensitivity of pial vessels adrenoceptors. The greatest changes are noted in 14 days after ischemia.

The intracranial EEG was continuously registered in Krushinskii-Molodkina rats with inherited susceptibility to audiogenic seizures and in Wistar rats, which are resistant to the audiogenic convulsions in the lithium-pilocarpine model of status epilepticus (SE). The recordings were done from somatosensory, auditory and visual cortical areas, caudate nucleus, hippocampus and dorso-medial nucleus of thalamus. We found that SE was induced in Krushinskii-Molodkina rats by intramuscular injections of pilocarpine at a minimum dose of 15 mg/kg, while in Wistar rats with a dose of 25 mg/kg. We describe six successive EEG patterns during SE. We identified behavioral convulsive manifestations associated with each phase of the SE. Rats of both strains had the same sequence and the main properties of EEG patterns, except the latency of phase 1 (Krushinskii-Molodkina rats 13 + 3 min vs. Wistar rats 23 + 2 min). In conclusion, the rats with susceptibility to audiogenic seizures have increased sensitivity to the pilocarpine, but the development and time-course of SE in rats of both strains did not differ.

Direct effects of circulating blood microparticles on fibrin formation and structure were studied. Clots made from platelet-free plasma and from microparticle-depleted plasma obtained by filtration was studied in parallel, including clots from the microparticle-depleted plasma replenished with phospholipids. Fibrin formation was induced by exogenous thrombin without Ca2+ to prevent formation of endogenous thrombin and exclude indirect kinetic effects of microparticles related to thrombin generation. In the presence of natural microparticles or exogenous phospholipids the maximal turbidity of fibrin clots was significantly smaller, indicating structural distinctions from the clots formed in the absence of microparticles. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy showed that clots formed from platelet-free plasma, i. e. in the presence of microparticles, unlike clots from the microparticle-depleted plasma, contained 0.1-0.5-μm-large CD61-positive granules associated with fibrin fibers that were identical to the particles found on the surface of filters used for microparticle removal. The results show that platelet-derived microparticles bind to fibrin and affect its structure. The revealed interactions of cell-derived microparticles with fibrin highlight a previously unknown role of microparticles in hemostasis and thrombosis as constituents and modulators of a fibrin clot structure.

We studied the effect of exogenous melatonin on the indicators of thyroid gland condition of the young spontaneously hypertensive rats in spring and autumn. These data suggested that after 28-day of melatonin administration (5 mg/kg) in different seasons of the year there were divergent effects on the state of the thyroid gland. So, melatonin increased synthetic activity of the gland in the spring. It was indicated by a reduction in the area of the follicular colloid, the inner diameter of the follicles, the number of connective tissue elements, increasing the height of thyrocytes, follicular colloidal index and reduced index accumulation colloid. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were less sensitive to the effects of melatonin in autumn. A significant increase in the number of the connective tissue elements, reduction of the follicular epithelium area and follicular colloidal index showed a decline in the functional activity of the thyroid gland after of melatonin administration in the autumn.

The studies were performed in hypertensive rats (SHR strain) during the period of hypertension development (7-8 weeks) and stable high blood pressure (16-17 weeks) and in normotensive rats (WKY strain) of corresponding ages. The average number of capillaries per square millimeter, the average capillaries diameter, and the capillary network structure following the estimation of capillaries distribution based on capillaries diameter within the following ranges (up to 3, from 3 to 5, from 5 to 7 and from 7 to 9 μm) were investigated using the morphological approach. The average diameter of capillaries and capillary network structure in SHRs during the development of hypertension did not differ from the respective values in WKY rats of the same age. SHR rats showed disturbed microvascularisation by structural and functional rarefaction in the stable high blood pressure period, which was manifested in lower average capillaries density and average capillaries diameter as well as in substantial (2.5 times) increase in plasmatic capillaries as compared to WKY rats of the same age.