Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova最新文献

Emotionally evoked physiological tremor dynamics was investigated on varying stimulus efficiency. Experimental protocol includes randomized presentation of four variant visual stimuli, one of the followed - subject’s second name, random shuffled letters of second name, graphic representation of simple arithmetic expression with correct or incorrect answer. The physiological tremor acquisition was implemented by 3-axial digital accelerometers, fixed on external side of index fingers. The data analysis explained unconscious psychomotor activity dynamics under emotional status transitions. Evoked reactions specificity gives an opportunity to suppose stimulus-dependent lateralization of unconscious motor responses. Valid differences of the right hand psychomotor reactions were achieved for the most emotionally loaded stimulus - second name.

Most studies on the damaging effects of pain and stress impacts in the neonatal period of development on pain sensitivity were performed on individuals of the male sex. In the present study, we investigated the influence of inflammatory pain and/or stress of isolation from the mother in newborn female rats to pain sensitivity when they reached adulthood; an attempt was undertaken to correct identified deviations using 5-HT1A-receptor agonist buspirone. Adult females exposed to early pain displayed increased hypoalgesia in the hot plate test and rats subjected to stress of isolation from the mother showed increased hyperalgesia in the formalin test. The pain and subsequent isolation from the mother did not change pain sensitivity in the adult females. The chronic injection of buspirone from 25 th to 39 th day of life to females subjected to inflammatory pain and isolation from the mother in the neonatal period caused the normalization of pain sensitivity when they reached adulthood. It is found that the prepubertal period is a critical period for the correction of deviations caused by damaging impacts in neonatal rata in the functional activity of the nociceptive system.

In experiments with female Wistar rats it was shown that analogs of neurohypophysial hormones administered to gastrointestinal tract preserved their specific physiological activity - they increased solute-free water reabsorption and urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Doses of deamino-vasotocin exerted antidiuretic and natriuretic effects following its oral administration were 50 and 200 times higher compared to maximal effective ones after intramuscular injection. Inhibition of gastrointestinal proteases by aprotinine enhanced effects of nonapeptides; the amount of peptide absorbed from the intestine under these conditions was approximately 0.5 % of orally introduced substance. In contrast to analogs of neurohypophysial nonapeptides, glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic (exenatide) did not exert its physiological effects after oral administration, whereas it increased urinary sodium and potassium excretion following intramuscular injection.

Gaseous transmitters contribution in blood oxygen transport function modification under the influence of the magnetic field was studied. It is found, that irradiation of the tail artery of rats for 10 days during 10 minutes increases p50 value, indicating a decrease in the hemoglobin affinity for oxygen and is accompanied by increased concentrations of nitrate/nitrite, and hydrogen sulfide. Administration of L-arginine and nitroglycerin during magnetic field action is accompanied by a decrease of hemoglobin affinity for oxygen, which is absent when NO-synthase enzyme inhibitor (L-NAME) is added. These data suggest an important role in the formation of blood oxygen transport function such gaseous transmitters as nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen sulfide.

In Sprague-Dawley rats by means of in vivo microdialysis, we have shown that presentation to rats a conditioned chamber in which a ton was previously paired with footshock (acquisition of a conditioned fear response to the tone) produces an increase in extracellular levels of citrulline (an NO co-product) in the medial prefrontal cortex and results in freezing response (fear index). This increase was not observed in control rats (same procedure, no footshock) and it was prevented by infusions into the medial prefrontal cortex of N®-propyl-L-arginine (1 mM), a neuronal NO synthase inhibitor. The infusion of 1mM N®-propyl-L-arginine into the medial prefrontal cortex reduced freezing to the conditioned chamber, but did not affect movement activity of the rats. Data obtained indicate that the nitrergic system of the medial prefrontal cortex implicates in regulation of fear expression produced by contextual signals of danger.

It was investigated the involvement of cardiac Ϭ-opioid receptors (OR) in increasing the resistance of the heart and myocardial mitochondria to ischemia-reperfusion after adaptation rats to chronic continuous normobaric hypoxia (CCNH). Rats were subjected to CCNH for 21 days at 12 % O2. It was evoked global ischemia (45 minutes) and reperfusion (30 minutes) of the isolated perfused heart. Adaptation to CCNH promoted a reduction of creatine kinase release from necrotic cardiomyocytes during reperfusion and improved reperfusion recovery of heart contractility. Mitochondrial respiratory and state of MPT pore were more resistant to ischemia-reperfusion in adapting rats. Perfusion of isolated hearts with TIPP(0) (30 nM/l, a selective Ϭ-OR-antagonist) or naltriben (1 nM/l, a selective 52-OR-antagonist) completely eliminated the cardioprotective effect of CCNH. BNTX (1 nM/l, a selective Ϭ-OR-antagonist) had no effect on the cardioprotective effect of CCNH. This data suggest that cardiac 52-OR involved in the increased resistance of the heart and mitochondria to ischemia-reperfusion after adaptation rats to CCNH.

The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the biomechanical characteristics human's walking before and after a stay in a long-term head-down bed rest at a -6 degrees angle simulating a microgravity (the HDBR-group) and in head-up bed rest (HUBR) at a +9.6 degrees angle as a analogue of lunar gravity (the HUBR-group). The biomechanical characteristics of the walking on a treadmill pace of 60 steps/minute before and after bed rest were analyzed. We investigated also the electromyographic characteristics of leg muscles and recorded the angles in the following joints: hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint. The most pronounced effect on the parameters of the humans walking was found in the HDBR-group. It was manifested in the changes of angles in the leg joints at various phases of a step change and in an electromyographic activity of muscles. Similar, but less pronounced changes of walking biomechanical characteristics were found after bed rest in the HUBR-group.

The 74 persons, including the 39 persons with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (PAS) and the 35 persons with subclinical forms of substance use, are examined. The olfactory EEG patterns, differing in narcological patients depending on the range of PAS used, are revealed. EEG markers of olfactory response to isopropanol, thymol and androstenone in combination with emotional evaluation, having hemispheric features, can be diagnostic and differential predictive factors for assessment of predisposition to mental and behavioral disorders due to PAS use.

Saccades and microsaccades were studied during a game of Tetris using the method of EOG. In the experiments 19 players of different skill level were involved. EOG was recorded in monopolar mode with respect to the ear electrodes in 6-points around both eyes to account for the gaze displacement in 8-direction. The game of Tetris was on 3 difficulty levels. It is shown that each saccade on EOG preceded by a sharp negative potential of 10-15 ms or «pre-saccadic peak». Its parameters are very stable at the given person, while EOG parameters of themselves saccade vary from their direction. When bipolar registration peak is not detected. The peak amplitude does not depend on the saccade direction, but correlates with saccade amplitude. It is assumed that the peak generators are neuromuscular synapses. Everything else being equal men were characterized by shorter saccades and greater percentage of microsaccades than women. On the middle level of difficulty at the optimal level of attention (but without the stress) are observed smallest saccades. For all players have dominated vertical saccades from the block to the glassful bottom and backward. In the transition from light to hard level for experienced players is increasing the proportion of «extra» non-vertical saccades, while the proportion of beginners «extra» saccades always relatively high.

In the present study was to investigate the effect epithelium on the tone smooth muscle of the airways of guinea pigs under physiological conditions and when forming of experimental asthma. It was found that the amplitude of contractile responses decreased by histaminergic, and serotonergic effects in the presence of epithelium in the control group. Influence epithelium dilatation adrenergic reactions depended on the type of pretreatment factors. The amplitude of the relaxation was reduced in the case of pre-treatment with a solution of potassium, the amount of dilation increased by pretreatment with histamine. The impact of epithelium on contractile responses of smooth muscles disappeared when forming of hyperreactivity.