Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova最新文献

The functional activity of bcl-2 andp53 proteins in erythrokariocytes of erythroblastic islands (EI) of various classes of bone marrow belonging to intact rats and animals following an acute blood loss were investigated. It is observed that intact rats had the elevated levels of percent content of bcl-2+ erythrokariocytes in EI of the second maturity class, compared to EI of first maturity class and EI involutionary class, and also less in the EI involutionary class compared to EI 1 and EI 2. The percentage content of p53+ erythrokariocytes in intact rats in the EI 2 class was less than in EI 1 and EI involutionary class, and were nearly the same of EI 1, EI 3, EI involutionary class and EI reconstructed. 48 hours after blood loss, the content of bcl-2+ erythrokariocytes were increased in EI 1, EI 2, and EI reconstructed.

Primary visual cortex contains a set of modules, and their postnatal development depends on a combination of internal genetic and external (defined by visual environment) factors. In order to examine a development of intermodular interactions in visual cortex of kittens subjected to rhythmic light stimulation (15 Hz and 50 Hz frequencies, groups RLS-15 and RLS-50), we investigate an intermodular signal correlation by mean of optical imaging technique. Data was compared with control kittens and with kittens reared with no visual experience in total darkness (group DARK). A significant reduction of the intermodular correlation coefficient was obtained in the group RLS-15; the correlation coefficient values in the groups RLS-50 and DARK was not affected. Thus 15 Hz rhythmic light stimulation during sensitive periods of development disrupts an efficacy of intermodular neuronal connections.

It has been shown that food seeking behavior in rats performing in different types of mazes is controlled by discrete reward pattern related to change in attractive properties of reinforcement and dopamine activity plays a critical role in motivation and food preference processing. The data obtained suggest that behavior as well as amphetamine effects revealed under the exposition of the discrete reward paradigm of learning may be involved in a common mechanism underlying food disorders and drug addiction in humans.

The structural foundation of processing of the information in the basal ganglia morphofunctional system was examined on the basis of the analysis of the investigated by the method of retrograde axonal transport projections between the functionally different parts of brain steam and basal ganglia' functionally various segments. The elements of the topic, showing to opportunity of segregated carrying of the information between the limbic and motor segments of the brain steam and the basal ganglia' similar regions were revealed in the organization of the projections between the named structures in dog. But, in the considered projection systems prevail the convergent carrying of the information testified about the possibility of the integration different modal information not only in the basic, but and in the all nuclei of the basal ganglia' morpho-functional system. The labeled «reticular» neurons with sparsely branching dendrites and long axons, which are projected to the basal ganglia, also testify about the integrative function of the investigated nucleus. The opportunity of the utilization of the received dates for making of the new models, which allow to understand better the mechanism of basal ganglia functioning in norm and pathology are discussed.

This study is dedicated to the research of the regulatory peptide PGP and its acetylated form (N-AcPGP) effect on the paw edema formation and vascular permeability in rat skin. Edema was induced by subcutaneous administration of histamine. Vascular permeability was determined by intradermal injection of mast cells activators corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), lipopoly-saccharide (LPS), Synacthen (corticotropin analogue), histamine and compound 48/80. We established that PGP reduced the size of the paw edema, but N-AcPGP had an opposite effect increasing paw edema. Skin vascular permeability didn't increase in rats under the administration of PGP or N-AcPGP with additional injections of CRH, LPS and Synacthen, but with additional injections of histamine and substance 48/80. We demonstrated in vitro that pretreatment with both PGP and N-AcPGP reduced histamine secretion by rat's peritoneal mast cells under activation by Synacthen. These results provide evidence that the effect of the peptides on vascular permeability is mainly mediated by the influence on the secretory activity of mast cells.

It is shown that in the absence of antigenic stimulus interleukin-7 (IL-7) is capable of increasing the content of cells expressing the CD25 molecule among both CD4-positive and CD4-negative effector memory T-cells (CD45RA-CD197-), as well as terminally differentiated T cells (CD45RA+CD197-) without causing a significant impact on the status of the activation of naive T cells (CD45RA+CD197+) and central memory T cells (CD45RA-CD197+). IL-7 was also able to enhance T-cell production of IL-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-10, but not IL-4. These data indicate the involvement of IL-7 into a direct upregulation of growth and functional activity of human T cells in the absence of antigenic stimulus and the relative scarcity of costimulatory effects.

The authors studied the content of creatine phosphate, creatine and glycogen in skeletal muscles and that of glycogen in the liver of mice from three experimental groups. The animals of Group 1 (n = 18) underwent leg bone fracture modeling; those of Group 2 (n = 18) - modeling of limb gravitation unloading by their weight-bearing deprivation; the animals of Group 3 (n = 18) after modeling a leg bone fracture underwent weight-bearing deprivation in the model of gravitation unloading. As for Comparison Group, the same parameters studied in the intact animals at the age of two (n = 14) and three (n = 12) months. The authors found the decrease in the total content [creatine phosphate+creatine] and glycogen level in skeletal muscles of Group 1 and 2 mice in the process of the experiment, that was not observed in Group 3 mice. They concluded that the special features of the changes in the studied substrates of Group 3 mice were the consequence of the compensation of the increased energy due to injury by hypofunction of the muscle as a result of its gravitation unloading.

The content of serotonin in the blood serum of rats with light desynchronizes and physical fatigue in different seasons was investigated ву enzyme immunoassay. It was found that long-term light deprivation and exercise to complete depletion lowered levels of serotonin in the blood serum of rats in the winter and increased that of the spring season. At the same time, a dark deprivation and physical activity had no effect on this indicator.

The adenylyl cyclase signaling system (ACSS) mediates the regulatory effects of many hormones on cell and controls a wide spectrum of physiological functions. In the liver ACSS is involved in the regulation of metabolic processes, and controls cell survival. In the endocrine pancreas the regulation of the main function of ß-cells, such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is carried out via this system. Soluble forms of adenylyl cyclase, along with the membrane-bound forms of the enzyme, play an important role in the control of cAMP level in ß-cells. In diabetes mellitus (DM), the disturbances in the different components of ACSS in hepatocytes and ß-cells are observed. Their identification is essential for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetic diseases, especially type 2 DM, in which the ACSS-mediated regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver, and cAMP-dependent insulin secretion in the ß-cells are impaired. In the review the structural-functional organization and regulatory properties of ACSS in the liver and endocrine pancreas, and also the disturbances occurring in this system in DM are analyzed.

It was established that immobilization stress of different duration (3, 6 or 12 hours) causes the activation of lipid peroxidation in liver tissue of rats 39 hours after stressor action. Activation of lipid peroxidation within 7 days was observed in animals exposed to 6 or 12 hours stress. The activation of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was revealed in rats after 3 hours immobility, but 12 hours stress was accompanied by superoxide dismutase inhibition. Agonists of different opioid receptors were shown to afford the antioxidant effects inhibiting the accumulation of malondialdehyde and acylhydroperoxides in the liver tissue and stimulating the antioxidant enzyme activity. Opioid peptides had a stimulatory effect on superoxide dismutase activity and less one on catalase activity in animal exposed to immobilization of different duration. A selective agonist of opioid delta-receptors DSLET manifested more expressed antioxidant effect, causing the inhibition of LPO metabolites production and the stimulation of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity.