{"title":"Incidencia de esquizofrenia en España: más preguntas que certezas","authors":"Víctor Romero-Pardo , Franco Mascayano , Ezra S. Susser , Gonzalo Martínez-Alés","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 61-62"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989121000598/pdfft?md5=da326fd6903ec757ec10ea9dfcbae75d&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989121000598-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39014724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.04.004
Silvia Díaz-Fernández , Danny Francisco Frías-Ortiz , Juan José Fernández-Miranda
Objectives
To determine the psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with severe schizophrenia before (standard treatment in mental health centres) and during treatment in a comprehensive, community-based, case- managed programme, as well as the role played by antipsychotic medication (oral or long-acting injectable).
Method
Observational, mirror image study of ten years of follow-up and ten retrospectives (‘pre-treatment’: standard), of patients with severe schizophrenia in a community-based programme, with pharmacological and psychosocial integrated treatment and intensive case management (n = 344). Reasons for discharge from the programme and psychiatric hospital admissions (and whether they were involuntary) were recorded ten years before and during treatment, as well as the antipsychotic medication prescribed.
Results
The retention achieved in the programme was high: after 10 years only 12.2% of the patients were voluntary discharges vs 84.3% on previous standard treatment. The number of patients with hospital admissions, and number of admissions due to relapses decreased drastically after entering the programme (p < 0,0001), as well the involuntary admissions (p < 0,001). Being on long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication was related with these results (p < 0,0001).
Conclusions
Treatment of patients with severe schizophrenia in a comprehensive, community-based and case-managed programme achieved high retention rates, and was effective in drastically reducing psychiatric hospitalizations compared to the previous standard treatment in mental health units. Undergoing treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics was clearly linked to these outcomes.
{"title":"Estudio en imagen en espejo (10 años de seguimiento y 10 de pretratamiento estándar) de ingresos hospitalarios de personas con esquizofrenia grave en un programa comunitario con gestión de casos","authors":"Silvia Díaz-Fernández , Danny Francisco Frías-Ortiz , Juan José Fernández-Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine the psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with severe schizophrenia before (standard treatment in mental health centres) and during treatment in a comprehensive, community-based, case- managed programme, as well as the role played by antipsychotic medication (oral or long-acting injectable).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Observational, mirror image study of ten years of follow-up and ten retrospectives (‘pre-treatment’: standard), of patients with severe schizophrenia in a community-based programme, with pharmacological and psychosocial integrated treatment and intensive case management (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->344). Reasons for discharge from the programme and psychiatric hospital admissions (and whether they were involuntary) were recorded ten years before and during treatment, as well as the antipsychotic medication prescribed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The retention achieved in the programme was high: after 10 years only 12.2% of the patients were voluntary discharges vs 84.3% on previous standard treatment. The number of patients with hospital admissions, and number of admissions due to relapses decreased drastically after entering the programme (p<!--> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,0001), as well the involuntary admissions (p<!--> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,001). Being on long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication was related with these results (p<!--> <!--><<!--> <!-->0,0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Treatment of patients with severe schizophrenia in a comprehensive, community-based and case-managed programme achieved high retention rates, and was effective in drastically reducing psychiatric hospitalizations compared to the previous standard treatment in mental health units. Undergoing treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics was clearly linked to these outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989119300527/pdfft?md5=8aebdbc9ada1af6883807feeeac631dc&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989119300527-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37368979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.03.002
Setareh Alabaf , Brian Kirkpatrick , Shanquan Chen , Rudolf N. Cardinal , Emilio Fernandez-Egea
Aim
We examined whether timing of known risk factors for schizophrenia may influence the development of schizophrenia with primary negative symptoms.
Method
This cross-sectional single-centre study in England used a clinical cohort of 167 clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients. Deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia models were used as clinical proxies of patients with and without primary negative symptoms respectively. Patients were assessed using the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome. We examined previously replicated risk factors (family history of psychosis, advanced paternal age, male gender, birth weight <3000 g, summer birth, cannabis use, exposure to physical or sexual abuse and/or bullying) as well as other traumatic events for deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.
Results
We found a distinct risk factor pattern for the two groups. Compared to the nondeficit group, patients with deficit schizophrenia reported a significantly lower prevalence of cannabis use (p = 0.005) at the time of first-episode psychosis (FEP), physical or sexual abuse (p = 0.033) prior to FEP, less exposure to crime-related traumatic events (p = 0.012) and significantly associated with summer birth (p = 0.017). The groups did not differ in terms of family history of psychosis, advanced paternal age, male gender, or low birth weight. To account for multiple comparisons, a confirmatory analysis was performed using logistic regression which yielded similar results except that summer birth no longer reached statistical significance.
Conclusion
Our results suggest the timing of the insult may influence the symptom presentation, with insults later in life (cannabis or traumatic events) being associated with psychotic presentation and less with primary negative symptoms.
{"title":"Early versus late risk factors for deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia","authors":"Setareh Alabaf , Brian Kirkpatrick , Shanquan Chen , Rudolf N. Cardinal , Emilio Fernandez-Egea","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>We examined whether timing of known risk factors for schizophrenia may influence the development of schizophrenia with primary negative symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This cross-sectional single-centre study in England used a clinical cohort of 167 clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients. Deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia models were used as clinical proxies of patients with and without primary negative symptoms respectively. Patients were assessed using the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome. We examined previously replicated risk factors (family history of psychosis, advanced paternal age, male gender, birth weight <3000<!--> <!-->g, summer birth, cannabis use, exposure to physical or sexual abuse and/or bullying) as well as other traumatic events for deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found a distinct risk factor pattern for the two groups. Compared to the nondeficit group, patients with deficit schizophrenia reported a significantly lower prevalence of cannabis use (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.005) at the time of first-episode psychosis (FEP), physical or sexual abuse (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.033) prior to FEP, less exposure to crime-related traumatic events (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.012) and significantly associated with summer birth (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.017). The groups did not differ in terms of family history of psychosis, advanced paternal age, male gender, or low birth weight. To account for multiple comparisons, a confirmatory analysis was performed using logistic regression which yielded similar results except that summer birth no longer reached statistical significance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results suggest the timing of the insult may influence the symptom presentation, with insults later in life (cannabis or traumatic events) being associated with psychotic presentation and less with primary negative symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989121000331/pdfft?md5=a1c6aa9ce7c5d2e9751d2abee415eb9a&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989121000331-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25556291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.01.001
William T. Carpenter Jr
{"title":"Negative Symptoms: A Brief Story and Advances in Spain","authors":"William T. Carpenter Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989122000222/pdfft?md5=f11c1524592bca09fe0c68780814b8d2&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989122000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75139333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.008
Clara Martínez-Cao , Leticia García-Álvarez , Teresa Bobes-Bascarán , Lorena de la Fuente-Tomás , Emilio Fernández-Egea , Ángela Velasco , Leticia González-Blanco , Paula Zurrón-Madera , Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero , Pilar A. Sáiz-Martínez , María Paz García-Portilla , Julio Bobes
Introduction
Apathy is a negative symptom of schizophrenia and is associated with poor real world functioning. Therefore, it is important to have validated psychometric instruments to assess this symptom. This is the first study to validate the Spanish adaptation of the self-rated version of the Apathy Assessment Scale (AES-S) in patients with schizophrenia.
Materials and methods
Naturalistic, cross-sectional, validation study in 104 patients with schizophrenia evaluated using the following scales: Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Self-report of Negative Symptoms (SNS), Motivation and Pleasure Scale-Self-Report (MAP-SR), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Apathy Evaluation Scale-self-rated version (AES-S).
Results
Reliability: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.908. Convergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and CAINS-MAP total scores was −0.483 (p < 0.001). For SNS, total and avolition subscale scores were −0.803 and −0.639 (p < 0.001), respectively. With the MAP-SR, the correlation coefficient was −0.727 (p < 0.001). Divergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and PSP total scores was 0.504 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, with the CDSS, the correlation coefficient was −0.431 (p < 0.001). Discriminant validity: The AES-S discriminated between different levels of illness severity according to CGI-S scores. Factor analysis: A three-component solution explained 57.32% of the variance. Pearson correlations between coefficients were 1–2 = 0.265, 1–3 = 0.464, and 2–3 = 0.060.
Conclusion
The Spanish AES-S is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing apathy in Spanish patients with schizophrenia. It seems to be appropriate for use in everyday clinical practice as a means of monitoring apathy in these patients.
{"title":"Validation of a European Spanish adaptation of the Apathy Evaluation Scale-self-rated version (AES-S) in patients with schizophrenia","authors":"Clara Martínez-Cao , Leticia García-Álvarez , Teresa Bobes-Bascarán , Lorena de la Fuente-Tomás , Emilio Fernández-Egea , Ángela Velasco , Leticia González-Blanco , Paula Zurrón-Madera , Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero , Pilar A. Sáiz-Martínez , María Paz García-Portilla , Julio Bobes","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Apathy is a negative symptom of schizophrenia and is associated with poor real world functioning. Therefore, it is important to have validated psychometric instruments to assess this symptom. This is the first study to validate the Spanish adaptation of the self-rated version of the Apathy Assessment Scale (AES-S) in patients with schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Naturalistic, cross-sectional, validation study in 104 patients with schizophrenia evaluated using the following scales: Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), Personal and Social Performance (PSP), Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), Self-report of Negative Symptoms (SNS), Motivation and Pleasure Scale-Self-Report (MAP-SR), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and Apathy Evaluation Scale-self-rated version (AES-S).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Reliability: Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.908. Convergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and CAINS-MAP total scores was −0.483 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). For SNS, total and avolition subscale scores were −0.803 and −0.639 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), respectively. With the MAP-SR, the correlation coefficient was −0.727 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Divergent validity: The Pearson correlation coefficient between AES-S and PSP total scores was 0.504 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Furthermore, with the CDSS, the correlation coefficient was −0.431 (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Discriminant validity: The AES-S discriminated between different levels of illness severity according to CGI-S scores. Factor analysis: A three-component solution explained 57.32% of the variance. Pearson correlations between coefficients were 1–2<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.265, 1–3<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.464, and 2–3<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.060.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Spanish AES-S is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing apathy in Spanish patients with schizophrenia. It seems to be appropriate for use in everyday clinical practice as a means of monitoring apathy in these patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989120300331/pdfft?md5=3d48a2cba476908b299b235cf261095d&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989120300331-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38017848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.01.005
Antía Brañas , Guillermo Lahera , María Luisa Barrigón , Manuel Canal-Rivero , Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
Introduction
Childhood trauma has been reported as a risk factor for psychosis. Different types of traumatic experiences in childhood could lead to different clinical manifestations in psychotic disorders.
Material and methods
We studied differences in social cognition (emotion recognition and theory of mind) and clinical symptoms in a sample of 62 patients with psychosis (less than 5 years of illness) and childhood trauma, analysing performance by trauma type.
Results
Psychotic patients with a history of childhood trauma other than sexual abuse were more capable of recognizing fear as a facial emotion (especially when facial stimuli were non-degraded) than participants with a history of sexual abuse or with no history of childhood trauma (P = .008). We also found that the group that had suffered sexual abuse did not show improvement in fear recognition when exposed to clearer stimuli, although this intergroup difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .064). We have not found other differences between abuse groups, neither in clinical symptoms (PANSS factors) nor in Hinting Task scores.
Conclusion
We have found differences in fear recognition among patients with psychotic disorders who have experienced different types of childhood trauma.
{"title":"Efectos del trauma infantil en el reconocimiento de la expresión facial de miedo en psicosis","authors":"Antía Brañas , Guillermo Lahera , María Luisa Barrigón , Manuel Canal-Rivero , Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Childhood trauma has been reported as a risk factor for psychosis. Different types of traumatic experiences in childhood could lead to different clinical manifestations in psychotic disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>We studied differences in social cognition (emotion recognition and theory of mind) and clinical symptoms in a sample of 62 patients with psychosis (less than 5 years of illness) and childhood trauma, analysing performance by trauma type.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Psychotic patients with a history of childhood trauma other than sexual abuse were more capable of recognizing fear as a facial emotion (especially when facial stimuli were non-degraded) than participants with a history of sexual abuse or with no history of childhood trauma (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.008). We also found that the group that had suffered sexual abuse did not show improvement in fear recognition when exposed to clearer stimuli, although this intergroup difference did not reach statistical significance (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.064). We have not found other differences between abuse groups, neither in clinical symptoms (PANSS factors) nor in Hinting Task scores.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We have found differences in fear recognition among patients with psychotic disorders who have experienced different types of childhood trauma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989119300229/pdfft?md5=572c81690f35521be63261a0dc5b25cf&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989119300229-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37231997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.004
Miguel A Jerónimo, Sergio Piñar, Pilar Samos, Ana M Gonzalez, Magda Bellsolà, Agnès Sabaté, Jordi León, Xavier Aliart, Luis M Martín, Rosa Aceña, Victor Pérez, David Córcoles
Introduction: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, warnings have been made about the impact on the mental health of the population and as occurred in previous pandemics, an increase in suicide rates had been anticipated. To date, studies differ with regard to whether suicide rates are being affected during the COVID pandemic.
Material and methods: All individuals registered for suicidal ideation or suicidal attempt in the Suicide Risk Code (CRS) from the city of Barcelona from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021 have been included. A bivariate analysis has been carried out between the 2018-2019 period and the pandemic period. The percentage increase in the monthly incidence of CRS cases has been calculated, using the average monthly incidence for the 2018-2019 period as a reference.
Results: A total of 3388 consultations for suicide ideation or suicidal attempt were registered. There has been an increase of 43.20% in the monthly incidence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts during the pandemic compared to the 2018-2019 period, reaching a maximum increase of 573.8% in young people under 18 years in the month of May 2021.
Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic period, consultations for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts have increased compared to the previous 2 years in the city of Barcelona. It should be noted this growth especially in young people under 18 years.
{"title":"[Suicidal attempt and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years].","authors":"Miguel A Jerónimo, Sergio Piñar, Pilar Samos, Ana M Gonzalez, Magda Bellsolà, Agnès Sabaté, Jordi León, Xavier Aliart, Luis M Martín, Rosa Aceña, Victor Pérez, David Córcoles","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, warnings have been made about the impact on the mental health of the population and as occurred in previous pandemics, an increase in suicide rates had been anticipated. To date, studies differ with regard to whether suicide rates are being affected during the COVID pandemic.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>All individuals registered for suicidal ideation or suicidal attempt in the Suicide Risk Code (CRS) from the city of Barcelona from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021 have been included. A bivariate analysis has been carried out between the 2018-2019 period and the pandemic period. The percentage increase in the monthly incidence of CRS cases has been calculated, using the average monthly incidence for the 2018-2019 period as a reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3388 consultations for suicide ideation or suicidal attempt were registered. There has been an increase of 43.20% in the monthly incidence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts during the pandemic compared to the 2018-2019 period, reaching a maximum increase of 573.8% in young people under 18 years in the month of May 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic period, consultations for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts have increased compared to the previous 2 years in the city of Barcelona. It should be noted this growth especially in young people under 18 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8603872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.02.001
Julián Gómez Peñalver, Carmen Fernández de Henestrosa Serra, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
{"title":"La Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad: los efectos del debate","authors":"Julián Gómez Peñalver, Carmen Fernández de Henestrosa Serra, José Luis Ayuso-Mateos","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 230-231"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989121000276/pdfft?md5=1757b7377c6dcdb8e82eefd1215b814b&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989121000276-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25365641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.008
Stephan T. Egger , Godehard Weniger , Julio Bobes , Erich Seifritz , Stefan Vetter
Introduction
Psychosocial functioning is a key factor determining prognosis, severity, impairment and quality of life in people who have a mental disorder. The mini-ICF-APP was developed to provide a standardised classification of functioning and disability. However, despite its gaining popularity little is known about its structure and performance. This paper examines the structure of the mini-ICF-APP using factor analysis techniques.
Materials and methods
In a clinical sample of 3178 patients, with psychiatric diagnoses from several ICD-10 categories, we analysed internal consistency, item inter-correlations and the factorial structure of the data, with reference to ICD-10 diagnostic categories; Neurocognitive Disorders; Alcohol Use Disorders; Substance Use Disorders; Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Major Depressive Disorder; Anxiety Disorders; Personality Disorders; and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Results
We found good internal consistency and item inter-correlations (Cronbach alpha = 0.92) for the mini-ICF-APP. We were able to identify pivotal domains (flexibility, assertiveness and intimate relationships), which demonstrate sub-threshold influences on other domains. The factor analysis yielded a one-factor model as ideal for the whole sample and for all diagnostic categories. For some diagnostic categories the data suggested a two or three-factor model, however, with poorer fit indices.
Conclusions
The factor structure of the mini-ICF-APP appears to modify according to the main diagnosis. However, a one-factor model demonstrates better fit regardless of diagnostic category. Consequently, we consider the mini-ICF-APP to be a trans-diagnostic measurement instrument for the assessment and grading of psychosocial functioning. The use of the mini-ICF-APP sum score seems to best reflect the degree of impairment in an individual, even taking into account that affected domains may lead to sub-threshold effects on other domains.
{"title":"Exploring the factor structure of the mini-ICF-APP in an inpatient clinical sample, according to the psychiatric diagnosis","authors":"Stephan T. Egger , Godehard Weniger , Julio Bobes , Erich Seifritz , Stefan Vetter","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Psychosocial functioning is a key factor determining prognosis, severity, impairment and quality of life in people who have a mental disorder. The mini-ICF-APP was developed to provide a standardised classification of functioning and disability. However, despite its gaining popularity little is known about its structure and performance. This paper examines the structure of the mini-ICF-APP using factor analysis techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In a clinical sample of 3178 patients, with psychiatric diagnoses from several ICD-10 categories, we analysed internal consistency, item inter-correlations and the factorial structure of the data, with reference to ICD-10 diagnostic categories; Neurocognitive Disorders; Alcohol Use Disorders; Substance Use Disorders; Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Major Depressive Disorder; Anxiety Disorders; Personality Disorders; and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found good internal consistency and item inter-correlations (Cronbach alpha<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.92) for the mini-ICF-APP. We were able to identify pivotal domains (flexibility, assertiveness and intimate relationships), which demonstrate sub-threshold influences on other domains. The factor analysis yielded a one-factor model as ideal for the whole sample and for all diagnostic categories. For some diagnostic categories the data suggested a two or three-factor model, however, with poorer fit indices.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The factor structure of the mini-ICF-APP appears to modify according to the main diagnosis. However, a one-factor model demonstrates better fit regardless of diagnostic category. Consequently, we consider the mini-ICF-APP to be a trans-diagnostic measurement instrument for the assessment and grading of psychosocial functioning. The use of the mini-ICF-APP sum score seems to best reflect the degree of impairment in an individual, even taking into account that affected domains may lead to sub-threshold effects on other domains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989120300665/pdfft?md5=8b5ff36bfd2f96489e0da5d926b2ec13&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989120300665-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38200551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.12.002
Arantxa Orozco , Narcís Cardoner , Cristina F. Aragón , Salvador Ruiz-Murugarren , María Vicens , Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon , Guillermo Lahera
Introduction
A high prevalence of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described.
Objective
This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs).
Method
We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6–12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered.
Results
54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p = 0.028), the presence of TEs (p < 0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p < 0.01) and the number of RLEs (p < 0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.
{"title":"Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events","authors":"Arantxa Orozco , Narcís Cardoner , Cristina F. Aragón , Salvador Ruiz-Murugarren , María Vicens , Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon , Guillermo Lahera","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>A high prevalence of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6–12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.028), the presence of TEs (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01) and the number of RLEs (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (<em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21391,"journal":{"name":"Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 218-226"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989120301294/pdfft?md5=8d2551f4d35f931ee739ef08de16ca08&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989120301294-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38747424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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