Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461952
W. Andres
The use of mica paper as insulation on magnet wires for high-voltage machines and traction motors is possible. The insulation is mechanically sufficiently strong enough for producing any kind of formed coils. The main advantages of mica paper covered magnet wires are the good dielectric properties and the corona resistance of the insulation. Certain types of mica paper tapes can also be used as cable insulation which belongs to the thermal class H. The cable insulation is resistant against moisture, mineral oils, corona, radiation and has excellent dielectric properties. In case of fire the mica paper covered cable is not producing any poisonous gases. This type of cable is suitable for leads in rotating machines of all kind, for power and auxiliary circuits in electrical vehicles, vessels, nuclear power stations, oil refineries etc.
{"title":"Mica paper insulations for conductors and cables","authors":"W. Andres","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461952","url":null,"abstract":"The use of mica paper as insulation on magnet wires for high-voltage machines and traction motors is possible. The insulation is mechanically sufficiently strong enough for producing any kind of formed coils. The main advantages of mica paper covered magnet wires are the good dielectric properties and the corona resistance of the insulation. Certain types of mica paper tapes can also be used as cable insulation which belongs to the thermal class H. The cable insulation is resistant against moisture, mineral oils, corona, radiation and has excellent dielectric properties. In case of fire the mica paper covered cable is not producing any poisonous gases. This type of cable is suitable for leads in rotating machines of all kind, for power and auxiliary circuits in electrical vehicles, vessels, nuclear power stations, oil refineries etc.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128858967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461954
C. Photiadis, S. Gause
For some time the question of how to choose effectively the proper insulating material for use in electric motors and generators as a stress member has been bandied about by many different people. This problem becomes increasingly more difficult when high temperatures and stresses are encountered particularly when said item is used as a restraining wedge in what is popularly called an open slot armature.
{"title":"A novel method for evaluating high temperature mechanical and thermal properties of laminated thermosetting insulating plastics","authors":"C. Photiadis, S. Gause","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461954","url":null,"abstract":"For some time the question of how to choose effectively the proper insulating material for use in electric motors and generators as a stress member has been bandied about by many different people. This problem becomes increasingly more difficult when high temperatures and stresses are encountered particularly when said item is used as a restraining wedge in what is popularly called an open slot armature.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127763519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461912
Patricia A. Fritzen, P. Planting
The development of a composite epoxy glass-microsphere dielectric for hermetic SMA type R.F. connectors is described. The emphasis is on the selection of a moisture resistant combination of epoxy resin, curing agent, glass microspheres, and silane coupling agent that meets the electrical and physical requirements for an SMA connector up to 26.5 GHz. The material selected for evaluation in prototype connectors has a dielectric constant of 2.06, insertion loss of 1.06 dB/inch @ 26.5 GHz, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 25 ± 2 × 10−6cm/cm/°C. Prototype connectors were fabricated by injecting the uncured dielectric into the connector barrel, then curing the material to form a hermetic seal. The connectors maintained a leak rate ≤1 ×10−7 cc He/sec. before and after exposure to MIL-STD 883, Class B environmental tests. The physical strength of the epoxy dielectric compares favorably with glass-to-metal seals.
{"title":"Composite epoxy glass-microsphere dielectric for hermetic SMA type RF connectors","authors":"Patricia A. Fritzen, P. Planting","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461912","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a composite epoxy glass-microsphere dielectric for hermetic SMA type R.F. connectors is described. The emphasis is on the selection of a moisture resistant combination of epoxy resin, curing agent, glass microspheres, and silane coupling agent that meets the electrical and physical requirements for an SMA connector up to 26.5 GHz. The material selected for evaluation in prototype connectors has a dielectric constant of 2.06, insertion loss of 1.06 dB/inch @ 26.5 GHz, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 25 ± 2 × 10−6cm/cm/°C. Prototype connectors were fabricated by injecting the uncured dielectric into the connector barrel, then curing the material to form a hermetic seal. The connectors maintained a leak rate ≤1 ×10−7 cc He/sec. before and after exposure to MIL-STD 883, Class B environmental tests. The physical strength of the epoxy dielectric compares favorably with glass-to-metal seals.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121432715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461941
K. Shibayama, T. Kitagawa
Mica has been used favorably as the main barrier material for machine coil insulation. Recent extension of the mica paper (reconstituted mica) is due to advantages relative to economy, homogenous quality and development of synthetic resins for use in a reliable composite insulation. Several kinds of mica papers are presently available. These mica papers are produced by different processes and from different raw materials. It is natural that they have different flake size and surface properties which may affect the final properties of the composite insulation.
{"title":"Mechanical fatigue strength of micaeous composite insulation","authors":"K. Shibayama, T. Kitagawa","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461941","url":null,"abstract":"Mica has been used favorably as the main barrier material for machine coil insulation. Recent extension of the mica paper (reconstituted mica) is due to advantages relative to economy, homogenous quality and development of synthetic resins for use in a reliable composite insulation. Several kinds of mica papers are presently available. These mica papers are produced by different processes and from different raw materials. It is natural that they have different flake size and surface properties which may affect the final properties of the composite insulation.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130337146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461958
Asao Takahashi, M. Shimizu, Tetsuichiro Horio
Maruzen Resin M (poly p-vinyl phenol) and Maruzen Resin MB (brominated poly p-vinyl phenol) are new materials developed recently. They are easily cured with epoxy resins without generating volatiles, and yield crosslinked products possessing superior performances for insulation. Epoxy-cured Resin M is suitable for FRP, especially for high grade printed circuit board because of its excellent thermal stabilities (solder resistance, flexural strength, peel strength and electric prperties under high temperature), drilling performances and chemical resistances. The thermal properties are comparable to those of polyimide, and processing conditions are similar to conventional heat-stable epoxy resins. Flame retardant type composite can be obtained by using Resin MB, with little affection to the improved properties above-mentioned. Epoxy-cured Resins M and MB also give electric insulators and structural materials keeping superior thermal and electric performances by molding or casting. Furthermore, the resins are expected to be useful for widespread applications such as adhesives, coatings etc., where high heat-resistance is required.
{"title":"P-vinyl phenol polymer — A highly heat resistant new material for insulation","authors":"Asao Takahashi, M. Shimizu, Tetsuichiro Horio","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461958","url":null,"abstract":"Maruzen Resin M (poly p-vinyl phenol) and Maruzen Resin MB (brominated poly p-vinyl phenol) are new materials developed recently. They are easily cured with epoxy resins without generating volatiles, and yield crosslinked products possessing superior performances for insulation. Epoxy-cured Resin M is suitable for FRP, especially for high grade printed circuit board because of its excellent thermal stabilities (solder resistance, flexural strength, peel strength and electric prperties under high temperature), drilling performances and chemical resistances. The thermal properties are comparable to those of polyimide, and processing conditions are similar to conventional heat-stable epoxy resins. Flame retardant type composite can be obtained by using Resin MB, with little affection to the improved properties above-mentioned. Epoxy-cured Resins M and MB also give electric insulators and structural materials keeping superior thermal and electric performances by molding or casting. Furthermore, the resins are expected to be useful for widespread applications such as adhesives, coatings etc., where high heat-resistance is required.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130919663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461927
C. Harper
One of the environments which has long been considered hostile to electrical insulation is that of elevated humidity. In this environment, severe degradation of insulation resistance is among the significant effects on electrical insulating materials. This paper discusses the background and nature of the problem of decreasing insulation resistance of electrical insulation in humid environments, and presents an approach for maintaining high insulation resistance during exposure to such humid environments.
{"title":"An improved materials system for maintaining high resistivity of electrical insulation in humid environments","authors":"C. Harper","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461927","url":null,"abstract":"One of the environments which has long been considered hostile to electrical insulation is that of elevated humidity. In this environment, severe degradation of insulation resistance is among the significant effects on electrical insulating materials. This paper discusses the background and nature of the problem of decreasing insulation resistance of electrical insulation in humid environments, and presents an approach for maintaining high insulation resistance during exposure to such humid environments.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132281469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461942
C. H. Beckett
Our emphasis is on the energy effectiveness of curing ovens used in the motor repair industry. A brief review of the entire application process will bring energy conservation opportunities into focus.
{"title":"Energy utilization in curing insulating varnishes","authors":"C. H. Beckett","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461942","url":null,"abstract":"Our emphasis is on the energy effectiveness of curing ovens used in the motor repair industry. A brief review of the entire application process will bring energy conservation opportunities into focus.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128291080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461957
R. Timmerman
Twenty-three flexible polyolefin heat shrinkable tubing insulation formulations were subjected to three dose levels of high energy radiation and tested for degree of crosslinking, flammability, tensile strength and elongation, and thermal stability. The effects of component concentration and types on these performance characteristics were determined. Antioxidant concentration and type largely influenced degree of crosslinking as did the sensitizer concentration, whereas stabilizer type and concentration had little effect. Tensile strength and elongation were not largely affected by formulation or radiation dose. High sensitizer concentration tended to improve flame resistance as did higher stabilizer concentrations. Stabilizer type affected flammability. Generally, increased radiation dose tended to improve flame resistance. Thermal stability was improved by changing stabilizer type and lessened by increasing sensitizer concentration or decreasing the antioxidant level.
{"title":"Heat-shrinkable tubing: What makes it tick?","authors":"R. Timmerman","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461957","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-three flexible polyolefin heat shrinkable tubing insulation formulations were subjected to three dose levels of high energy radiation and tested for degree of crosslinking, flammability, tensile strength and elongation, and thermal stability. The effects of component concentration and types on these performance characteristics were determined. Antioxidant concentration and type largely influenced degree of crosslinking as did the sensitizer concentration, whereas stabilizer type and concentration had little effect. Tensile strength and elongation were not largely affected by formulation or radiation dose. High sensitizer concentration tended to improve flame resistance as did higher stabilizer concentrations. Stabilizer type affected flammability. Generally, increased radiation dose tended to improve flame resistance. Thermal stability was improved by changing stabilizer type and lessened by increasing sensitizer concentration or decreasing the antioxidant level.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125194247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461951
R. Schuler
Some 12 years ago the introduction of the Micadur ®-Compact post-cured insulation sysstem led to a complete revision of the insulating process for medium to large high-voltage machines, whose stator windings are built up mainly of form-wound coils. Simultaneously the coil-end supports were completely redesigned, resulting in definite progress being made in respect of the reliability of these machines. This is verified by the operating experience gained from thousands of machines which have already given years of satisfactory service. This article describes the testing methods adapted to suit the modified manufacturing process, refers in detail to the experience gained in operation and indicates possible maintenance tests. The satisfactory experience gained in post-cured impregnation techniques have led to machines being built with ratings up to and exceeding 50 MW.
{"title":"Experience with post cured insulation systems for large form wound machines","authors":"R. Schuler","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461951","url":null,"abstract":"Some 12 years ago the introduction of the Micadur ®-Compact post-cured insulation sysstem led to a complete revision of the insulating process for medium to large high-voltage machines, whose stator windings are built up mainly of form-wound coils. Simultaneously the coil-end supports were completely redesigned, resulting in definite progress being made in respect of the reliability of these machines. This is verified by the operating experience gained from thousands of machines which have already given years of satisfactory service. This article describes the testing methods adapted to suit the modified manufacturing process, refers in detail to the experience gained in operation and indicates possible maintenance tests. The satisfactory experience gained in post-cured impregnation techniques have led to machines being built with ratings up to and exceeding 50 MW.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114775760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1977-09-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1977.7461986
R. O. Roberds
Ten years have passed since our introduction of MW-1000 in Chicago in 1967. Since then, the standard has been up-dated many times. A total of nine major revisions have been made and issued through the direct mailing revision service. The new 1977 publication, being introduced at: this conference, represents the third edition of MW-1000. These revisions and editions should serve to illustrate the desire and effort of both magnet wire manufacturer and user within NEMA to keep the standard current and up graded. We recognize in order to remain consistant with our advancing industry technology, an up-to-date standard is essential. Our report today will summarize the progress of the technical committees work and highlight the improvements made to MW-1000 since the 1975 Electrical/Electronic Insulation Conference.
{"title":"Up-dating NEMA magnet wire standards","authors":"R. O. Roberds","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1977.7461986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1977.7461986","url":null,"abstract":"Ten years have passed since our introduction of MW-1000 in Chicago in 1967. Since then, the standard has been up-dated many times. A total of nine major revisions have been made and issued through the direct mailing revision service. The new 1977 publication, being introduced at: this conference, represents the third edition of MW-1000. These revisions and editions should serve to illustrate the desire and effort of both magnet wire manufacturer and user within NEMA to keep the standard current and up graded. We recognize in order to remain consistant with our advancing industry technology, an up-to-date standard is essential. Our report today will summarize the progress of the technical committees work and highlight the improvements made to MW-1000 since the 1975 Electrical/Electronic Insulation Conference.","PeriodicalId":214025,"journal":{"name":"1977 EIC 13th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122970566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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