The Colebrook equation has been used to estimate the friction factor (f) in turbulent fluids. In this regard, many equations have been proposed to eliminate the iterative process of the Colebrook equation. The goal of this article was to perform an evaluation, classification, and proposal of the friction factor for better development of hydraulic projects. In this study, Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Newton-Raphson, and Python algorithms were applied. The accuracy and model selection were performed with the Maximum Relative Error (∆f/f), Percentage Standard Deviation (PSD), Model Selection Criterion (MSC), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Of the 30 equations evaluated, the Vatankhah equation was the most accurate and simplest to obtain the friction factor with a classification of very high, reaching a value of ∆f/f<0.5% and 1.5
{"title":"Explicit pipe friction factor equations: evaluation, classification, and proposal","authors":"Maiquel López-Silva, Dayma Sadami Carmenates-Hernández, Nancy Delgado-Hernández, Nataly Chunga-Bereche","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20230928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20230928","url":null,"abstract":"The Colebrook equation has been used to estimate the friction factor (f) in turbulent fluids. In this regard, many equations have been proposed to eliminate the iterative process of the Colebrook equation. The goal of this article was to perform an evaluation, classification, and proposal of the friction factor for better development of hydraulic projects. In this study, Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Newton-Raphson, and Python algorithms were applied. The accuracy and model selection were performed with the Maximum Relative Error (∆f/f), Percentage Standard Deviation (PSD), Model Selection Criterion (MSC), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Of the 30 equations evaluated, the Vatankhah equation was the most accurate and simplest to obtain the friction factor with a classification of very high, reaching a value of ∆f/f<0.5% and 1.5<PSD<1.6. A new equation was formulated to obtain the explicit f with fast convergence and accuracy. It was concluded that the combination of GEP, error theory, and selection criteria provides a more reliable and strengthened model.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20230927
Sócrates Pedro Muñoz-Pérez, Jaime Jamill Lozano-Sánchez, Diana Mareline Ramírez-Silva, Joicie Elizabeth Vallejos-Madianero
Concrete production is characterized by a significant demand for energy and raw materials. The construction, maintenance, and demolition of engineering works cause excessive polluting waste that requires costly disposal. For this reason, alternative reusable materials that improve the mechanical properties of concrete, such as fly ash, are currently being investigated as an effective solution to reduce problems related to environmental impact. This paper analyzed 80 articles indexed in different databases such as ScienceDirect, IOPscience, Scielo, Ebsco, Scopus, SpringerLink, ProQuest, Dialnet, and Semanticscholar, which were not older than seven years since publication, to conduct an updated systematic review of the use, effect, and influence of fly ash on concrete. The methodologies and designs used to obtain the optimum percentages of 5, 10, and 15% were reviewed, analyzing mainly the results obtained when fly ash is used in concrete. Finally, according to the review carried out, it was concluded that fly ashes improve the mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete, and that the optimum dosage is 10% in substitution of ordinary Portland cement applied in simple concrete.
{"title":"Use and effect of fly ash in concrete: A literature review","authors":"Sócrates Pedro Muñoz-Pérez, Jaime Jamill Lozano-Sánchez, Diana Mareline Ramírez-Silva, Joicie Elizabeth Vallejos-Madianero","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20230927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20230927","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete production is characterized by a significant demand for energy and raw materials. The construction, maintenance, and demolition of engineering works cause excessive polluting waste that requires costly disposal. For this reason, alternative reusable materials that improve the mechanical properties of concrete, such as fly ash, are currently being investigated as an effective solution to reduce problems related to environmental impact. This paper analyzed 80 articles indexed in different databases such as ScienceDirect, IOPscience, Scielo, Ebsco, Scopus, SpringerLink, ProQuest, Dialnet, and Semanticscholar, which were not older than seven years since publication, to conduct an updated systematic review of the use, effect, and influence of fly ash on concrete. The methodologies and designs used to obtain the optimum percentages of 5, 10, and 15% were reviewed, analyzing mainly the results obtained when fly ash is used in concrete. Finally, according to the review carried out, it was concluded that fly ashes improve the mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete, and that the optimum dosage is 10% in substitution of ordinary Portland cement applied in simple concrete.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20230926
Juliana Ossa-Valencia, Teresita Betancur-Vargas, Ana Karina Campillo-Pérez
The understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of the water molecule stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in rain and groundwater has been used in hydrogeology to validate recharge zones. In this study, we analyzed the recharge of four aquifer systems located in northwestern Colombia. This region is characterized by highly complex topography, as the Andes Mountain range splits into three branches, two of them included in the study area. The relation in the variation of values of the δ18O‰ between Precipitation (P) and groundwater (GW) was analyzed through the arithmetic expression P/GW; when P/GW is equal or larger than 1, the recharge is direct, and values less than 1 indicate recharge from regional flows. For the purposes of this research, according to statistics criteria, values between 0.98 and 1.02 are considered as 1. It was found that on Bajo Cauca, Occidente and Urabá, the phreatic aquifers are recharged directly with rainwater or after slight evaporation processes, while the recharge of deep aquifers occur through regional flows. The Valle de Aburrá´s phreatic aquifer is also recharged from distant areas; this occurs because the surface has been impermeabilized by urban processes. The P/GW ratio seems to be useful in identifying recharge processes in regions with higher elevation gradients. In low-lying areas, the applicability of this method should be restricted.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of δ18O in rainwater and groundwater to identify areas of recharge in the Colombian Northwest","authors":"Juliana Ossa-Valencia, Teresita Betancur-Vargas, Ana Karina Campillo-Pérez","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20230926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20230926","url":null,"abstract":"The understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of the water molecule stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in rain and groundwater has been used in hydrogeology to validate recharge zones. In this study, we analyzed the recharge of four aquifer systems located in northwestern Colombia. This region is characterized by highly complex topography, as the Andes Mountain range splits into three branches, two of them included in the study area. The relation in the variation of values of the δ18O‰ between Precipitation (P) and groundwater (GW) was analyzed through the arithmetic expression P/GW; when P/GW is equal or larger than 1, the recharge is direct, and values less than 1 indicate recharge from regional flows. For the purposes of this research, according to statistics criteria, values between 0.98 and 1.02 are considered as 1. It was found that on Bajo Cauca, Occidente and Urabá, the phreatic aquifers are recharged directly with rainwater or after slight evaporation processes, while the recharge of deep aquifers occur through regional flows. The Valle de Aburrá´s phreatic aquifer is also recharged from distant areas; this occurs because the surface has been impermeabilized by urban processes. The P/GW ratio seems to be useful in identifying recharge processes in regions with higher elevation gradients. In low-lying areas, the applicability of this method should be restricted.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210533
David Choque-Quispe, Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco, Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez, Aydeé M. Solano-Reynoso, Odilon Correa-Cuba, Yadira Quispe-Quispe, Yudith Choque-Quispe
During its journey, the river water suffers natural or anthropic contamination, deteriorating its quality. This impact can be qualified by determining the pollution Indexes (IPO). The work aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of the IPOs in the water of the high Andean micro-basin of the Chumbao River. The study included the section from 13°46'38.4” S, 73°15'32.3” W at 4079 m of altitude up to 13°35'26.4” S, 73°27'00.8” W at 2572 m of altitude. Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of the water were determined in 8 points along the river. These were grouped to calculate the IPO by mineralization (IPOMI), organic matter (IPOMO), suspended solids (IPOSUS), and trophic (IPOTRO) in the dry and rainy seasons. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, No. XX, pp. x-x, 20xx D. Choque et al.; Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, No. XX, pp. x-x, 20xx 3 The indexes were categorized from 0.0 (not polluted) to 1.0 (highly polluted). The data were collected in triplicate and valuated through ANOVA and Tukey's test. It was found that IPOSUS, IPOMI, and IPOMO. The points near the head of the micro-basin reported no and low pollution; besides, they increased considerably in urban areas reaching highly polluted levels. In contrast, IPOTRO reported a eutrophic state, and that contamination levels were higher in the dry season. The waters of the Chumbao River above 2900 m of altitude and close to the head of the micro-basin do not show contamination, but in the urban area the index of pollution is high.
{"title":"Water pollution index of high Andean micro-basin of the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Peru","authors":"David Choque-Quispe, Betsy S. Ramos-Pacheco, Carlos A. Ligarda-Samanez, Aydeé M. Solano-Reynoso, Odilon Correa-Cuba, Yadira Quispe-Quispe, Yudith Choque-Quispe","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210533","url":null,"abstract":"During its journey, the river water suffers natural or anthropic contamination, deteriorating its quality. This impact can be qualified by determining the pollution Indexes (IPO). The work aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of the IPOs in the water of the high Andean micro-basin of the Chumbao River. The study included the section from 13°46'38.4” S, 73°15'32.3” W at 4079 m of altitude up to 13°35'26.4” S, 73°27'00.8” W at 2572 m of altitude. Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of the water were determined in 8 points along the river. These were grouped to calculate the IPO by mineralization (IPOMI), organic matter (IPOMO), suspended solids (IPOSUS), and trophic (IPOTRO) in the dry and rainy seasons. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, No. XX, pp. x-x, 20xx D. Choque et al.; Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, No. XX, pp. x-x, 20xx 3 The indexes were categorized from 0.0 (not polluted) to 1.0 (highly polluted). The data were collected in triplicate and valuated through ANOVA and Tukey's test. It was found that IPOSUS, IPOMI, and IPOMO. The points near the head of the micro-basin reported no and low pollution; besides, they increased considerably in urban areas reaching highly polluted levels. In contrast, IPOTRO reported a eutrophic state, and that contamination levels were higher in the dry season. The waters of the Chumbao River above 2900 m of altitude and close to the head of the micro-basin do not show contamination, but in the urban area the index of pollution is high.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80026266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210531
Claudia Patricia Castañeda Martínez, José Jobanny Martínez Zambrano, and Camillo La Mesa
This study evaluated the synthesis, characterization, and activity of fluorinated titanium dioxide materials (TiO2-F 1% and TiO2-F 5%) in-situ modified by the sol-gel method in the esterification reaction of levulinic acid conducted by catalytic and photocatalytic processes. The physicochemical properties of the materials were determined by X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and pyridine adsorption. It was found that the inclusion of fluoride anion causes a decrease in the levulinic acid conversion by photocatalytic reaction; however, in the catalytic activation, a slight increase in the conversion using the fluoride materials was observed. Finally, the reaction in the presence of halogenated solvents (CCl4) by photolysis reaction favors a conversion of 100% in 1h.
{"title":"Esterification of levulinic acid via catalytic and photocatalytic processes using fluorinated titanium dioxide materials","authors":"Claudia Patricia Castañeda Martínez, José Jobanny Martínez Zambrano, and Camillo La Mesa","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210531","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the synthesis, characterization, and activity of fluorinated titanium dioxide materials (TiO2-F 1% and TiO2-F 5%) in-situ modified by the sol-gel method in the esterification reaction of levulinic acid conducted by catalytic and photocatalytic processes. The physicochemical properties of the materials were determined by X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and pyridine adsorption. It was found that the inclusion of fluoride anion causes a decrease in the levulinic acid conversion by photocatalytic reaction; however, in the catalytic activation, a slight increase in the conversion using the fluoride materials was observed. Finally, the reaction in the presence of halogenated solvents (CCl4) by photolysis reaction favors a conversion of 100% in 1h.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89335878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210532
Leidy Esperanza Pamplona-Beron, Carlos Alberto Henao Baena, A. F. Calvo-Salcedo
Human activity detection has evolved due to the advances and developments of machine learning techniques, which have enabled solutions to new challenges without ignoring prevalent difficulties that need to be addressed. One of the challenges is the learning model’s sensitivity regarding the unbalanced, atypical, and overlapping information that directly affects the performance of the model. This article evaluates a methodology for the classification of human activities that penalizes defective information. The methodology is carried out through two redundant classifiers, a penalized support vector machine that detects the sub-movements (micromovements) and the Marvok Hidden Model that predicts the activity given the micromovements sequence. The performance of the method was compared with state-of-the-art techniques, and the findings suggested significative advance in the detection of micro-movements compared to the data obtained with non-penalized paradigms. In this research, an adequate performance is found in the classification of primitive movements, with hit rates of 95.15% for the Kinect One®, 96.86% for the IMU sensor network, and 67.51% for the EMG sensor network.
{"title":"Human activity recognition using penalized support vector machines and Hidden Markov Models in multimodal systems","authors":"Leidy Esperanza Pamplona-Beron, Carlos Alberto Henao Baena, A. F. Calvo-Salcedo","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210532","url":null,"abstract":"Human activity detection has evolved due to the advances and developments of machine learning techniques, which have enabled solutions to new challenges without ignoring prevalent difficulties that need to be addressed. One of the challenges is the learning model’s sensitivity regarding the unbalanced, atypical, and overlapping information that directly affects the performance of the model. This article evaluates a methodology for the classification of human activities that penalizes defective information. The methodology is carried out through two redundant classifiers, a penalized support vector machine that detects the sub-movements (micromovements) and the Marvok Hidden Model that predicts the activity given the micromovements sequence. The performance of the method was compared with state-of-the-art techniques, and the findings suggested significative advance in the detection of micro-movements compared to the data obtained with non-penalized paradigms. In this research, an adequate performance is found in the classification of primitive movements, with hit rates of 95.15% for the Kinect One®, 96.86% for the IMU sensor network, and 67.51% for the EMG sensor network.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91122314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210530
Fabian Cano-Ardila, Juan David Giraldo-Quintero, S. Agudelo-Flórez
Performance and determination of Concentration Ratio for a parabolic solar concentrator using a thermographic technique Desempeño y determinación de la relación de concentración de un concentrador solar parabólico mediante termografías Fabián Cano Ardila1, Juan David Giraldo Quintero1*, Sergio Agudelo Flórez2 1Grupo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Gas-GASURE, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Antioquia. Calle 67 # 53–108. C. P. 050010. Medellín, Colombia. 2Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Grupo de Energía Alternativa GEA, Universidad de Antioquia. Calle 67 # 53–108. C. P. 050010. Medellín, Colombia.
性能和确定多元化比例for a parabolic太阳能技术concentrator using a thermographic业绩和确定关系的集中太阳能聚光器通过termografías抛物费边白色Ardila1、Juan David Giraldo Quintero1 *,塞吉奥Agudelo florez2 1Grupo Gas-GASURE科学技术大学机械工程学系,安蒂奥基亚。67街53 - 108号。邮政信箱050010。medellin，哥伦比亚。安蒂奥基亚大学GEA替代能源集团机械工程系。67街53 - 108号。邮政信箱050010。哥伦比亚麦德林。
{"title":"Performance and determination of Concentration Ratio for a parabolic solar concentrator using a thermographic technique","authors":"Fabian Cano-Ardila, Juan David Giraldo-Quintero, S. Agudelo-Flórez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210530","url":null,"abstract":"Performance and determination of Concentration Ratio for a parabolic solar concentrator using a thermographic technique Desempeño y determinación de la relación de concentración de un concentrador solar parabólico mediante termografías Fabián Cano Ardila1, Juan David Giraldo Quintero1*, Sergio Agudelo Flórez2 1Grupo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Gas-GASURE, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Antioquia. Calle 67 # 53–108. C. P. 050010. Medellín, Colombia. 2Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Grupo de Energía Alternativa GEA, Universidad de Antioquia. Calle 67 # 53–108. C. P. 050010. Medellín, Colombia.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87764160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-09DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210319
Carlos Andrés Velásquez Marquez, Ferley Alejandro Vásques Arroyave, Mónica Lucía Álvarez Láinez, Andrés Felipe Zapata González, Jorge Andrés Calderón Gutiérrez
The development of a binder-free material is gaining ground as a flexible anode in lithium-ion batteries due to the higher specific capacity and possibilities of usage in portable appliances. In this work, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) were incorporated into carbon microfibers (CMFs) by electrospinning technique to improve the specific capacity of active material, retaining the high flexibility of the CMFs. The composite active material (CMFs-Fe3O4) was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the composition, structure, and morphology of the composite. Electrochemical tests were done to evaluate the performance of the composite material as an anode in lithium-ion batteries. Fe3O4-NPs with particle sizes from 30 to 40 nm were incorporated into CMFs (800 nm), and the TEM images showed a homogeneous distribution of Fe3O4-NPs. The electrochemical tests evidenced that magnetite incorporation increases the specific capacity by 42% on the first cycle and 20% on the 50th cycle. Similarly, the Coulombic efficiency increases by 20% in the composite material. RESUMEN: El desarrollo de material libre de aglutinantes está ganando terreno como ánodo flexible en las baterías de iones de litio debido a la mayor capacidad específica y a las posibilidades de uso en aparatos portátiles. En este trabajo, las nanopartículas de magnetita (Fe3O4-NPs) se incorporaron a microfibras de carbono (CMFs) mediante la técnica de electrohilado para mejorar la densidad energética del material activo conservando la alta flexibilidad de las CMFs. El material activo compuesto (CMFs-Fe3O4) se caracterizó por espectroscopía Raman, análisis Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, No. xx, pp. x-x, 20xx C. A. Velásquez et al.; Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, No. xx, pp. x-x, 20xx termogravimétricos (TGA) y microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) para determinar la composición, estructura y morfología del compuesto. Se realizaron pruebas electroquímicas para evaluar el desempeño del material compuesto como ánodo en baterías de iones de litio. Se incorporaron Fe3O4-NP con un tamaño de partícula de 30-40 nm en CNF (800 nm) y las imágenes TEM mostraron una distribución homogénea de Fe3O4-NP. Las pruebas electroquímicas evidenciaron que la incorporación de magnetita aumenta la capacidad específica en un 42% en el primer ciclo y en un 20% en el ciclo 50. De la misma forma, la eficiencia coulómbica aumenta un 20% en el material compuesto.
由于具有更高的比容量和在便携式电器中使用的可能性，无粘结剂材料作为锂离子电池的柔性阳极的开发正在取得进展。本研究通过静电纺丝技术将磁铁矿纳米颗粒(Fe3O4-NPs)掺入碳微纤维(CMFs)中，以提高活性材料的比容量，同时保持CMFs的高柔韧性。采用拉曼光谱、热重分析(TGA)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对复合活性材料(CMFs-Fe3O4)进行表征，确定复合材料的组成、结构和形貌。通过电化学试验对复合材料作为锂离子电池负极的性能进行了评价。将粒径为30 ~ 40 nm的Fe3O4-NPs掺入CMFs (800 nm)中，TEM图像显示Fe3O4-NPs分布均匀。电化学试验表明，加入磁铁矿后，第一次循环比容量提高42%，第50次循环比容量提高20%。同样，复合材料的库仑效率提高了20%。简历:El desarrollo de material libre de aguinantes est ganando terreno como ánodo flexible en las baterías de iones de litio debido a la mayor capacidad específica y a las possibilities de uso en aparatos portátiles。在此基础上，利用碳微纤维(CMFs)作为介质，将Fe3O4-NPs (nanopartículas de magnetita (Fe3O4-NPs))结合在一起，实现了碳微纤维(CMFs)的电变性、电变性、密度变性和能量变性，从而实现了材料的活性守恒和柔性变性。El材料activo compuesto (CMFs-Fe3O4) se caracterizó por espectroscopía Raman, análisis Revista faculty de Ingeniería, Antioquia大学，No。xx, pp. x-x, 20xx c.a. Velásquez等;revsta faculty de Ingeniería, No。× × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×。实现程序electroquímicas para evaluationel desempeño del material compuesto como ánodo en baterías de ionones de litio。Se incorporated on Fe3O4-NP con tamaño de partícula de 30-40 nm en CNF (800 nm) y las imágenes TEM mostraron una distribución homogsamnea de Fe3O4-NP。Las pruebas electroquímicas evidence ciaron que la incorporación de magnetita umenta la capacidad específica en un 42% en el primer ciclo y en un 20% en el ciclo 50。从形式上看，效率上看coulómbica在20%的材料上。
{"title":"Development of a flexible anode for lithium-ion batteries from electrospun carbon-magnetite composite microfibers","authors":"Carlos Andrés Velásquez Marquez, Ferley Alejandro Vásques Arroyave, Mónica Lucía Álvarez Láinez, Andrés Felipe Zapata González, Jorge Andrés Calderón Gutiérrez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.REDIN.20210319","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a binder-free material is gaining ground as a flexible anode in lithium-ion batteries due to the higher specific capacity and possibilities of usage in portable appliances. In this work, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) were incorporated into carbon microfibers (CMFs) by electrospinning technique to improve the specific capacity of active material, retaining the high flexibility of the CMFs. The composite active material (CMFs-Fe3O4) was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the composition, structure, and morphology of the composite. Electrochemical tests were done to evaluate the performance of the composite material as an anode in lithium-ion batteries. Fe3O4-NPs with particle sizes from 30 to 40 nm were incorporated into CMFs (800 nm), and the TEM images showed a homogeneous distribution of Fe3O4-NPs. The electrochemical tests evidenced that magnetite incorporation increases the specific capacity by 42% on the first cycle and 20% on the 50th cycle. Similarly, the Coulombic efficiency increases by 20% in the composite material. RESUMEN: El desarrollo de material libre de aglutinantes está ganando terreno como ánodo flexible en las baterías de iones de litio debido a la mayor capacidad específica y a las posibilidades de uso en aparatos portátiles. En este trabajo, las nanopartículas de magnetita (Fe3O4-NPs) se incorporaron a microfibras de carbono (CMFs) mediante la técnica de electrohilado para mejorar la densidad energética del material activo conservando la alta flexibilidad de las CMFs. El material activo compuesto (CMFs-Fe3O4) se caracterizó por espectroscopía Raman, análisis Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, No. xx, pp. x-x, 20xx C. A. Velásquez et al.; Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, No. xx, pp. x-x, 20xx termogravimétricos (TGA) y microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) para determinar la composición, estructura y morfología del compuesto. Se realizaron pruebas electroquímicas para evaluar el desempeño del material compuesto como ánodo en baterías de iones de litio. Se incorporaron Fe3O4-NP con un tamaño de partícula de 30-40 nm en CNF (800 nm) y las imágenes TEM mostraron una distribución homogénea de Fe3O4-NP. Las pruebas electroquímicas evidenciaron que la incorporación de magnetita aumenta la capacidad específica en un 42% en el primer ciclo y en un 20% en el ciclo 50. De la misma forma, la eficiencia coulómbica aumenta un 20% en el material compuesto.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78902600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The methods for determining load capacity in stratified soils are numerous and differ in their methods and results. These differences in analysis lead to uncertainty in engineering practices or over-dimensioning of the foundation solution. This study seeks to determine three analytical methods of load capacity in stratified soils (2 layers) for shallow foundations: 1) Imaginary foundation, 2) Average parameter method (APM), and 3) Terzaghi's method to compare their results with those obtained from numerical modeling by means of the finite element method using a widely applied software (Abaqus academic version). Within the methodology developed in the finite element modeling, variables were parameterized (modulus of elasticity, depth of deflection, and displacement-load) and two behavioral laws were evaluated (Elastic and Drucker-Prager). The results that were obtained from the analysis show that when performing numerical modeling using the law of elastic behavior in soils of two layers, exaggerated results are generated with respect to analytical methods. Another important result is that when hard soils are on top of soft 1 Universidad del Cauca (Popayán-Cauca, Colombia). jairoalejan@unicauca.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0003-13657629 2 Universidad del Cauca (Popayán-Cauca, Colombia). bjmartinez@unicauca.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0002-22218444 3 Ph. D. Universidad del Cauca (Popayán-Cauca, Colombia). lucruz@unicauca.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-00032438-5526 Evaluation of Load Capacity of Stratified Soils (2 Layers) by Means of Numerical Analytical Comparison Revista Facultad de Ingeniería (Rev. Fac. Ing.) Vol. 30 (55), e12080. January-March 2021. Tunja-Boyacá, Colombia. L-ISSN: 0121-1129, e-ISSN: 2357-5328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v30.n55.2021.12080 soils the results of numerical and analytical methods tend to be similar to each other. Most importantly, the variables that have the greatest influence on the load capacity in soils of one and two layers are the angle of friction, yield stress, and in the case of numerical analysis the constraint displacement (load). In addition, it was observed that for numerical modeling better results are obtained when considering an elastoplastic model, such as Drucker Prager.
{"title":"Evaluation of Load Capacity of Stratified Soils (2 Layers) by Means of Numerical Analytical Comparison","authors":"Jairo-Alejandro Quintero-Chamorro, Brayan-Julián Martínez-Ortega, Lucio-Gerardo Cruz-Velasco","doi":"10.19053/01211129.V30.N55.2021.12080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.V30.N55.2021.12080","url":null,"abstract":"The methods for determining load capacity in stratified soils are numerous and differ in their methods and results. These differences in analysis lead to uncertainty in engineering practices or over-dimensioning of the foundation solution. This study seeks to determine three analytical methods of load capacity in stratified soils (2 layers) for shallow foundations: 1) Imaginary foundation, 2) Average parameter method (APM), and 3) Terzaghi's method to compare their results with those obtained from numerical modeling by means of the finite element method using a widely applied software (Abaqus academic version). Within the methodology developed in the finite element modeling, variables were parameterized (modulus of elasticity, depth of deflection, and displacement-load) and two behavioral laws were evaluated (Elastic and Drucker-Prager). The results that were obtained from the analysis show that when performing numerical modeling using the law of elastic behavior in soils of two layers, exaggerated results are generated with respect to analytical methods. Another important result is that when hard soils are on top of soft 1 Universidad del Cauca (Popayán-Cauca, Colombia). jairoalejan@unicauca.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0003-13657629 2 Universidad del Cauca (Popayán-Cauca, Colombia). bjmartinez@unicauca.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0002-22218444 3 Ph. D. Universidad del Cauca (Popayán-Cauca, Colombia). lucruz@unicauca.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-00032438-5526 Evaluation of Load Capacity of Stratified Soils (2 Layers) by Means of Numerical Analytical Comparison Revista Facultad de Ingeniería (Rev. Fac. Ing.) Vol. 30 (55), e12080. January-March 2021. Tunja-Boyacá, Colombia. L-ISSN: 0121-1129, e-ISSN: 2357-5328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v30.n55.2021.12080 soils the results of numerical and analytical methods tend to be similar to each other. Most importantly, the variables that have the greatest influence on the load capacity in soils of one and two layers are the angle of friction, yield stress, and in the case of numerical analysis the constraint displacement (load). In addition, it was observed that for numerical modeling better results are obtained when considering an elastoplastic model, such as Drucker Prager.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87864053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-13DOI: 10.19053/01211129.V30.N55.2021.12022
Guiovanny Suarez-Rivera, Nelson David Munoz-Ceballos, Henry Mauricio Vásquez-Carvajal
Classical modeling and control methods applied to differential locomotion mobile robots generate mathematical equations that approximate the dynamics of the system and work relatively well when the system is linear in a specific range. However, they may have low accuracy when there are many variations of the dynamics over time or disturbances occur. To solve this problem, we used a recursive least squares (RLS) method that uses a discrete-time structure first-order autoregressive model with exogenous variable (ARX). We design and modify PID adaptive self-adjusting controllers in phase margin and pole allocation. The main contribution of this methodology is that it allows the permanent and online update of the robot model and the parameters of the adaptive self-adjusting PID controllers. In addition, a Lyapunov stability analysis technique was implemented for path and trajectory tracking control, this makes the errors generated in the positioning and orientation of the robot when performing a given task tend asymptotically to zero. The performance of the PID adaptive self-adjusting controllers is measured through the implementation of the criteria of the integral of the error, which allows to 1 Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (Medellín-Antioquia, Colombia). guiovannysuarez97899@correo.itm.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0003-4131-9280 2 M. Sc. Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid (Medellín-Antioquia, Colombia). ndmunoz@elpoli.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0002-4696-8151 3 M Sc. Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (Medellín-Antioquia, Colombia). henryvasquez@itm.edu.co. ORCID: 0000-0001-5428-0253 Revista Facultad de Ingeniería (Rev. Fac. Ing.) Vol. 30 (55), e12022. January-March 2021. Tunja-Boyacá, Colombia. L-ISSN: 0121-1129, e-ISSN: 2357-5328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v30.n55.2021.12022 determine the controller of best performance, being in this case, the PID adaptive self-adjusting type in pole assignment, allowing the mobile robot greater precision in tracking the trajectories and paths assigned, as well as less mechanical and energy wear, due to its smooth and precise movements.
应用于微分运动移动机器人的经典建模和控制方法产生了近似系统动力学的数学方程，并且当系统在特定范围内为线性时工作得相对较好。然而，当动态随时间变化或发生干扰时，它们的精度可能较低。为了解决这个问题，我们使用了递归最小二乘(RLS)方法，该方法使用了一个带有外生变量的离散时间结构一阶自回归模型(ARX)。在相位裕度和极点配置方面设计并改进了PID自适应自调整控制器。该方法的主要贡献在于它允许机器人模型和自适应自调整PID控制器参数的永久在线更新。此外，将Lyapunov稳定性分析技术应用于路径和轨迹跟踪控制，使机器人在执行给定任务时产生的定位和方向误差渐近为零。PID自适应自调节控制器的性能通过误差积分标准的实现来测量，该标准允许1 Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (Medellín-Antioquia，哥伦比亚)。guiovannysuarez97899@correo.itm.edu.co。ORCID: 0000-0003-4131-9280 2 M. Sc. politcims . Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid (Medellín-Antioquia，哥伦比亚)。ndmunoz@elpoli.edu.co。ORCID: 0000-0002-4696-8151 3 M Sc. Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano (Medellín-Antioquia，哥伦比亚)。henryvasquez@itm.edu.co。ORCID: 0000-0001-5428-0253 revsta faculty de Ingeniería (Rev. Fac.)荷兰国际集团(Ing))。卷30 (55)，e12022。1 - 2021。Tunja-Boyaca,哥伦比亚。L-ISSN: 0121-1129, e-ISSN: 2357-5328。DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v30.n55.2021.12022确定最佳性能的控制器，在这种情况下，PID自适应自调整类型的极点配置，允许移动机器人更精确地跟踪所分配的轨迹和路径，以及更少的机械和能量磨损，由于其平滑和精确的运动。
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