Pub Date : 2020-02-22DOI: 10.19053/01211129.v29.n54.2020.10514
Beatriz García-Castellanos, Osney Pérez-Ones, Lourdes Zumalacárregui-de-Cárdenas, I. Blanco-Carvajal, Luis Eduardo López-de-la-Maza
The rum aging process shows volume losses, called wastage. The numerical operation variables: product, boardwalk, horizontal and vertical positions, date, volume, alcoholic degree, temperature, humidity and aging time, recorded in databases, contain valuable information to study the process. MATLAB 2017 software was used to estimate volume losses. In the modeling of the rum aging process, the multilayer perceptron neuronal network with one and two hidden layers was used, varying the number of neurons in these between 4 and 10. The Levenberg-Marquadt (LM) and Bayesian training algorithms were compared (Bay) The increase in 6 consecutive iterations of the validation error and 1,000 as the maximum number of training cycles were the criteria used to stop the training. The input variables to the network were: numerical month, volume, temperature, humidity, initial alcoholic degree and aging time, while the output variable was wastage. 546 pairs of input/output data were processed. The statistical Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were performed to select the best neural architecture according to the mean square error (MSE) criteria. The selected topology has a 6-4-4-1 structure, with an MSE of 2.1∙10-3 and a correlation factor (R) with experimental data of 0.9898. The neural network obtained was used to simulate thirteen initial aging conditions that were not used for training and validation, detecting a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9961.
{"title":"Neural Model for the Prediction of Volume Losses in the Aging Process of Rums","authors":"Beatriz García-Castellanos, Osney Pérez-Ones, Lourdes Zumalacárregui-de-Cárdenas, I. Blanco-Carvajal, Luis Eduardo López-de-la-Maza","doi":"10.19053/01211129.v29.n54.2020.10514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v29.n54.2020.10514","url":null,"abstract":"The rum aging process shows volume losses, called wastage. The numerical operation variables: product, boardwalk, horizontal and vertical positions, date, volume, alcoholic degree, temperature, humidity and aging time, recorded in databases, contain valuable information to study the process. MATLAB 2017 software was used to estimate volume losses. In the modeling of the rum aging process, the multilayer perceptron neuronal network with one and two hidden layers was used, varying the number of neurons in these between 4 and 10. The Levenberg-Marquadt (LM) and Bayesian training algorithms were compared (Bay) The increase in 6 consecutive iterations of the validation error and 1,000 as the maximum number of training cycles were the criteria used to stop the training. The input variables to the network were: numerical month, volume, temperature, humidity, initial alcoholic degree and aging time, while the output variable was wastage. 546 pairs of input/output data were processed. The statistical Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were performed to select the best neural architecture according to the mean square error (MSE) criteria. The selected topology has a 6-4-4-1 structure, with an MSE of 2.1∙10-3 and a correlation factor (R) with experimental data of 0.9898. The neural network obtained was used to simulate thirteen initial aging conditions that were not used for training and validation, detecting a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9961.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82265794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20191046
Henry Colorado-Lopera, Gloria Inés Echeverri-Lopera
The main goal in this research is to study the Colombia’s solid waste in relation to the general trends of the gross domestic product of the country, a more general overview of the situation with respect to other neighbor countries and some leading economies. The method followed was the analysis and processing of the official and unofficial data of the country, for constructing useful information such as the gross domestic product (GDP), discussed in relation to the generated waste. Since waste related issues demand and requires multi-disciplinary solutions, legal and cultural aspects are also considered in the discussion. The main contribution of this research is new, analized and consolidated data regarding the current economic model in Colombia towards the implementation of a sustainable economy, presented with respect to Latin American and to some leading world economies as well. The investigation has been focused on the sectors that are less-known with respect to the solid waste generation, particularly to the GDP of the construction and demolition waste, and mining wastes, which are of great interest in Colombia for its type of industry.
{"title":"The solid waste in Colombia analyzed via gross domestic product: towards a sustainable economy","authors":"Henry Colorado-Lopera, Gloria Inés Echeverri-Lopera","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20191046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191046","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal in this research is to study the Colombia’s solid waste in relation to the general trends of the gross domestic product of the country, a more general overview of the situation with respect to other neighbor countries and some leading economies. The method followed was the analysis and processing of the official and unofficial data of the country, for constructing useful information such as the gross domestic product (GDP), discussed in relation to the generated waste. Since waste related issues demand and requires multi-disciplinary solutions, legal and cultural aspects are also considered in the discussion. The main contribution of this research is new, analized and consolidated data regarding the current economic model in Colombia towards the implementation of a sustainable economy, presented with respect to Latin American and to some leading world economies as well. The investigation has been focused on the sectors that are less-known with respect to the solid waste generation, particularly to the GDP of the construction and demolition waste, and mining wastes, which are of great interest in Colombia for its type of industry.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89375442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20191044
Diego Andrés Arias-Arana, Juan Diego Rojas-Zambrano, A. Mariño-Camargo
In this paper, we measure the attraction (suspension) and repulsion (levitation) forces produced by the interaction between a permanent magnet and different bulk superconductors. The measurements of the interaction force HTS-PM were carried out with a relatively simple technique developed by us, which is reproducible, reliable and low cost. The obtained results were analyzed with the Bean’s critical-state model assuming a uniform magnetic field applied to the superconductor. Two superconducting samples of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) prepared by solid-state reaction method and by the melt-textured growth method (MTG) were used. Both samples presented a different hysteresis behaviour in the field cooling (FC) and zero field cooling (ZFC) regimes. Levitation and suspension phenomena were observed in the MTG sample; however, the sintered sample (S) with Oxygen deficiencies (δ > 0.15) displayed a slight levitation force but did not show a suspension force, the latter one attributed to a more efficient magnetic flux pinning. Additionally, the critical current density of both samples was determined from the maximum gap of the force (ΔF) in the FC regime. The obtained values were between 43.00 A/cm 2 and 2,758 A/cm 2 for the sintered and MTG samples, respectively. These values show a remarkable difference between sintered and MTG samples like that observed from magnetization measurements, which indicate that attraction and repulsion force measurements could provide a rapid and reliable characterization method of polycrystalline superconducting samples.
在本文中，我们测量了由永磁体和不同体超导体之间的相互作用产生的吸引力(悬浮)和排斥力(悬浮)。HTS-PM相互作用力的测量采用了我们开发的一种相对简单的方法，该方法重复性好、可靠、成本低。用假定施加在超导体上均匀磁场的Bean临界状态模型对所得结果进行了分析。采用固相反应法和熔融织构生长法制备了YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO)超导样品。两种样品在场冷却(FC)和零场冷却(ZFC)制度下表现出不同的滞后行为。在MTG样品中观察到悬浮现象;而缺氧(δ > 0.15)的烧结试样(S)表现出轻微的悬浮力，但没有表现出悬浮力，后者归因于更有效的磁通量钉钉。此外，两种样品的临界电流密度由FC状态下的最大力间隙(ΔF)确定。烧结样品和MTG样品的测定值分别在43.00 A/ cm2 ~ 2758 A/ cm2之间。这些数值显示了烧结样品和MTG样品之间的显著差异，如磁化测量结果，这表明引力和斥力的测量可以为多晶超导样品提供一种快速可靠的表征方法。
{"title":"Attraction and repulsion forces in melt-textured and sintered YBCO-superconductors: a comparative study","authors":"Diego Andrés Arias-Arana, Juan Diego Rojas-Zambrano, A. Mariño-Camargo","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20191044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191044","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we measure the attraction (suspension) and repulsion (levitation) forces produced by the interaction between a permanent magnet and different bulk superconductors. The measurements of the interaction force HTS-PM were carried out with a relatively simple technique developed by us, which is reproducible, reliable and low cost. The obtained results were analyzed with the Bean’s critical-state model assuming a uniform magnetic field applied to the superconductor. Two superconducting samples of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) prepared by solid-state reaction method and by the melt-textured growth method (MTG) were used. Both samples presented a different hysteresis behaviour in the field cooling (FC) and zero field cooling (ZFC) regimes. Levitation and suspension phenomena were observed in the MTG sample; however, the sintered sample (S) with Oxygen deficiencies (δ > 0.15) displayed a slight levitation force but did not show a suspension force, the latter one attributed to a more efficient magnetic flux pinning. Additionally, the critical current density of both samples was determined from the maximum gap of the force (ΔF) in the FC regime. The obtained values were between 43.00 A/cm 2 and 2,758 A/cm 2 for the sintered and MTG samples, respectively. These values show a remarkable difference between sintered and MTG samples like that observed from magnetization measurements, which indicate that attraction and repulsion force measurements could provide a rapid and reliable characterization method of polycrystalline superconducting samples.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79378962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20191150
J. J. Velez-Upegui, Adela Londoño-Carvajal, Maria Valentina Solorzano-Gómez, Jaime Ignacio Vélez-Upegui, V. Botero-Fernández
The CORNARE region, located in Antioquia (Colombia), required a redesign of its water quantity, quality, and sediment-monitoring network, in order to collect convincing data to help decision-makers to respond to different technical and environmental issues. This paper proposes a methodology which is based on secondary information and which employs Geographical Information System –GIS- tools and knowledge of the region, given that historical data are unavailable in most of the region. Although the main methodology, which applied physical, anthropic, and economic factors was the same for all networks, specific strategies were used for water quantity, quality, and sediment networks in the region. These used expert criteria and weight distance methods. The results were satisfactory. Macro-location was implemented for the sites monitored in the CORNARE region, and this indicated that the proposed methodology was adequate for tropical Andean watersheds, where historical data were insufficient and did not permit the use of more complex techniques. This methodology integrates water quantity, water quality and sediment in an integrated hydrological monitoring network.
{"title":"Redesign of a water quantity, quality, and sediment-monitoring network in a tropical region","authors":"J. J. Velez-Upegui, Adela Londoño-Carvajal, Maria Valentina Solorzano-Gómez, Jaime Ignacio Vélez-Upegui, V. Botero-Fernández","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20191150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191150","url":null,"abstract":"The CORNARE region, located in Antioquia (Colombia), required a redesign of its water quantity, quality, and sediment-monitoring network, in order to collect convincing data to help decision-makers to respond to different technical and environmental issues. This paper proposes a methodology which is based on secondary information and which employs Geographical Information System –GIS- tools and knowledge of the region, given that historical data are unavailable in most of the region. Although the main methodology, which applied physical, anthropic, and economic factors was the same for all networks, specific strategies were used for water quantity, quality, and sediment networks in the region. These used expert criteria and weight distance methods. The results were satisfactory. Macro-location was implemented for the sites monitored in the CORNARE region, and this indicated that the proposed methodology was adequate for tropical Andean watersheds, where historical data were insufficient and did not permit the use of more complex techniques. This methodology integrates water quantity, water quality and sediment in an integrated hydrological monitoring network.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85546963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20191045
F. Baba-Hamed, L. Davenne
The equivalent viscous damping is a key parameter in the prediction of the maximum nonlinear response. Damping constitutes a major source of uncertainty in dynamic analysis. This paper studies the effect of using viscous damping, on the reduction of the seismic responses of reinforced concrete RC frame buildings modeled as three-dimensional multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, and the use of nonlinear time history analysis as a method of visualized behavior of buildings in the elastic and inelastic range. This study focuses on the implications of the available modeling options on analysis. This article illustrates the effect of using the initial or tangent stiffness in Rayleigh damping in analysis of structures. Correspondingly, this work is also concerned with the estimation of Rayleigh, mass-proportional or stiffness-proportional damping on engineering demand parameters (EDPs). As a result of a series of considerations, a damping modeling solution for nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) was carried out to compute the damage index. The application example is a building designed according to reinforced concrete code BAEL 91 and Algerian seismic code RPA 99/Version 2003 under seven earthquake excitations. The simulations demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method to account for all of the above effects.
{"title":"Effect of the viscous damping on the seismic response of Low-rise RC frame building","authors":"F. Baba-Hamed, L. Davenne","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20191045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191045","url":null,"abstract":"The equivalent viscous damping is a key parameter in the prediction of the maximum nonlinear response. Damping constitutes a major source of uncertainty in dynamic analysis. This paper studies the effect of using viscous damping, on the reduction of the seismic responses of reinforced concrete RC frame buildings modeled as three-dimensional multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, and the use of nonlinear time history analysis as a method of visualized behavior of buildings in the elastic and inelastic range. This study focuses on the implications of the available modeling options on analysis. This article illustrates the effect of using the initial or tangent stiffness in Rayleigh damping in analysis of structures. Correspondingly, this work is also concerned with the estimation of Rayleigh, mass-proportional or stiffness-proportional damping on engineering demand parameters (EDPs). As a result of a series of considerations, a damping modeling solution for nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) was carried out to compute the damage index. The application example is a building designed according to reinforced concrete code BAEL 91 and Algerian seismic code RPA 99/Version 2003 under seven earthquake excitations. The simulations demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method to account for all of the above effects.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83396937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20191149
C. Tejada-Tovar, Á. Villabona-Ortíz, R. Ortega Toro
The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature, particle size and bed height of the chromium (VI) adsorption process using plantain peels in a continuous system. The experiment was carried out on a packed bed column, adjusting the feed temperature of the solution with a REX-C100 controller coupled to a type K thermocouple. The initial concentration of Cr (VI) was set at 100 ppm, the pH at 2 and the feed rate of 0.75 mL/s. The analyses were performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy using the colourimetric method of 1.5-diphenylcarbazide. The material was characterized by infrared spectrometry by Fourier Transforms (FTIR), from this analysis, it was determined that the OH and NH2 functional groups are the main responsible for the formation of complexes with the cations in solution. Also, it was established that only the particle size is statistically significant. According to the response surface analysis, the optimum conditions of the process were 353.15 K, a particle size of 0.819 mm and a bed height of 67.768 mm. From the thermodynamic study of the process, it is established that it is endothermic and the chemical adsorption prevails in it. The results obtained in the process modelling suggest that Dose-Response can be used reliably to scale the process.
{"title":"Cr(VI) biosorption: Effect of temperature, particle size and bed height","authors":"C. Tejada-Tovar, Á. Villabona-Ortíz, R. Ortega Toro","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20191149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191149","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature, particle size and bed height of the chromium (VI) adsorption process using plantain peels in a continuous system. The experiment was carried out on a packed bed column, adjusting the feed temperature of the solution with a REX-C100 controller coupled to a type K thermocouple. The initial concentration of Cr (VI) was set at 100 ppm, the pH at 2 and the feed rate of 0.75 mL/s. The analyses were performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy using the colourimetric method of 1.5-diphenylcarbazide. The material was characterized by infrared spectrometry by Fourier Transforms (FTIR), from this analysis, it was determined that the OH and NH2 functional groups are the main responsible for the formation of complexes with the cations in solution. Also, it was established that only the particle size is statistically significant. According to the response surface analysis, the optimum conditions of the process were 353.15 K, a particle size of 0.819 mm and a bed height of 67.768 mm. From the thermodynamic study of the process, it is established that it is endothermic and the chemical adsorption prevails in it. The results obtained in the process modelling suggest that Dose-Response can be used reliably to scale the process.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85004059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bicycle sharing systems are an alternative to promote sustainable transportation and active living. Bicycle users are exposed to traffic and to pollutants in their trips; therefore, the analysis of pollutant concentrations and user exposure is of utmost importance for planning the expansion of creation of these transportation systems. In order to evaluate the concentrations and exposure of cyclists to PM 2.5 , we designed a route within the bicycle sharing system of Medellin and implemented a sensor-based monitoring protocol. Measurements were carried out with a low-cost sensor validated with local information. Potential average daily dose of PM 2.5 was calculated based on the average time of exposure and the level of effort made by the user while riding. Hotspots were identified as the zones on the route with concentrations three standard deviations above the average for each route. PM 2.5 concentrations were found to be highly variable in terms of hour of the day and season of the year. When the concentrations are higher, the potential average daily dose is doubled. There are two types of hotspot according to the built environment configuration on the route, and the concentrations in these hotspots are reaching values considered as harmful for sensitive population groups. The present results are key for the discussion leading to the implementation of measures that will improve the welfare of cyclists in Medellin, that may span from infrastructure intervention to early warning systems.
{"title":"Hotspots, daily cycles and average daily dose of PM2.5 in a cycling route in Medellin","authors":"Alejandro Builes-Jaramillo, Julián Gómez-Bedoya, Stephanía Lopera-Uribe, Valeria Fajardo-Castaño","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20191153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191153","url":null,"abstract":"Bicycle sharing systems are an alternative to promote sustainable transportation and active living. Bicycle users are exposed to traffic and to pollutants in their trips; therefore, the analysis of pollutant concentrations and user exposure is of utmost importance for planning the expansion of creation of these transportation systems. In order to evaluate the concentrations and exposure of cyclists to PM 2.5 , we designed a route within the bicycle sharing system of Medellin and implemented a sensor-based monitoring protocol. Measurements were carried out with a low-cost sensor validated with local information. Potential average daily dose of PM 2.5 was calculated based on the average time of exposure and the level of effort made by the user while riding. Hotspots were identified as the zones on the route with concentrations three standard deviations above the average for each route. PM 2.5 concentrations were found to be highly variable in terms of hour of the day and season of the year. When the concentrations are higher, the potential average daily dose is doubled. There are two types of hotspot according to the built environment configuration on the route, and the concentrations in these hotspots are reaching values considered as harmful for sensitive population groups. The present results are key for the discussion leading to the implementation of measures that will improve the welfare of cyclists in Medellin, that may span from infrastructure intervention to early warning systems.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86493379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20191259
Javier Arias-Osorio, Ruben Darío Ríos-Mercado, Ingrid Dayanna Tamayo-Morantes
In this paper, a model for the collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment is designed based on a problem of location and vehicle routing. Two main phases are carried out: The localization phase, in which the WEEE collection points are defined from a series of potential points, involving the novelty about the assignment of different types of devices to each of those points. And, the routing phase in which the collection routes are designed to minimize the associated costs. A case study is analyzed for the collection of WEEE in communes 6, 7 and 8 of Bucaramanga. For the localization phase, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed, which is solved with the GAMS software. The capacitated vehicle routing problem CVRP is addressed with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with the distance traveled by the vehicle for each of the assigned collection points, and a GRASP metaheuristic with local search operators is proposed as a solution technique to solve this second phase. The algorithm was programmed in MATLAB Software and validated with instances of the literature, showing good results for the defined case study.
{"title":"A model for collection of Waste Electrical and Electronical Equipment in Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga","authors":"Javier Arias-Osorio, Ruben Darío Ríos-Mercado, Ingrid Dayanna Tamayo-Morantes","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20191259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191259","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a model for the collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment is designed based on a problem of location and vehicle routing. Two main phases are carried out: The localization phase, in which the WEEE collection points are defined from a series of potential points, involving the novelty about the assignment of different types of devices to each of those points. And, the routing phase in which the collection routes are designed to minimize the associated costs. A case study is analyzed for the collection of WEEE in communes 6, 7 and 8 of Bucaramanga. For the localization phase, a mixed integer linear programming model is developed, which is solved with the GAMS software. The capacitated vehicle routing problem CVRP is addressed with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with the distance traveled by the vehicle for each of the assigned collection points, and a GRASP metaheuristic with local search operators is proposed as a solution technique to solve this second phase. The algorithm was programmed in MATLAB Software and validated with instances of the literature, showing good results for the defined case study.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78841053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20200263
María Fernanda Castillo-Castañeda, R. Agudelo-Valencia
The wastewater from leather tanning contains different types of pollutants depending on the internal process that is carried out, in particular, the riparian and tanning stages provide the greatest contaminant load within the process, in terms of organic matter, grease and oils, chlorides, chromium, sulfides among other substances. This study analyzed the efficiency of a biological treatment system, consisting of artificial wetlands of horizontal subsurface flow, in order to evaluate the removal of salinity and organic load present in the water produced during the process of soaking leathers. Two prototypes were tested, one planted with Limonium perezzi and the other unplanted as a control parameter, the wetlands were operated for 32 days. The results show that the planted wetland removes 49.2% of the initial chloride present (44,414.8 mgCl-/L) in the water and 86.2% of the total organic carbon (755.9 mgC/L). It was demonstrated that artificial wetlands are still a viable and efficient alternative in terms of organic load removal, on the other hand, the selected plant showed a very good performance in the treatment of wastewater because of its high tolerance to high concentrations of salt dissolved in the water, reaching perspiration of sodium chloride crystals through the leaves and stem.
{"title":"Artificial wetland planted with Limonium Perezzi, for the treatment of wastewater from tanning","authors":"María Fernanda Castillo-Castañeda, R. Agudelo-Valencia","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20200263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20200263","url":null,"abstract":"The wastewater from leather tanning contains different types of pollutants depending on the internal process that is carried out, in particular, the riparian and tanning stages provide the greatest contaminant load within the process, in terms of organic matter, grease and oils, chlorides, chromium, sulfides among other substances. This study analyzed the efficiency of a biological treatment system, consisting of artificial wetlands of horizontal subsurface flow, in order to evaluate the removal of salinity and organic load present in the water produced during the process of soaking leathers. Two prototypes were tested, one planted with Limonium perezzi and the other unplanted as a control parameter, the wetlands were operated for 32 days. The results show that the planted wetland removes 49.2% of the initial chloride present (44,414.8 mgCl-/L) in the water and 86.2% of the total organic carbon (755.9 mgC/L). It was demonstrated that artificial wetlands are still a viable and efficient alternative in terms of organic load removal, on the other hand, the selected plant showed a very good performance in the treatment of wastewater because of its high tolerance to high concentrations of salt dissolved in the water, reaching perspiration of sodium chloride crystals through the leaves and stem.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87760282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.17533/udea.redin.20200264
I. A. Sánchez-Ortiz, Gloria Lucía Cárdenas-Calvachi
The core objective of the study was to evaluate the organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency in a recirculating aquaculture system for the intensive laboratory-bred rainbow trout. The treatment system consisted of an upflow reactor which operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18 and 36 min, a pre-filtration unit with HRT of 4.9 and 9.8 min, a three-phase airlift fluidized bed reactor operated at HRT between 5 and 11 min, a granular unit for the upflow and the fluidized bed reactors effluents filtration with 5.8 and 11.6 min as HRT, and an ultraviolet (UV) unit for the final effluent disinfection. A plastic material was used as support media in the upflow reactor, and granular zeolite with an effective size of 1.30 mm in an 80 g/L constant concentration was used as a carrier for the fluidized bed reactor. Average removal efficiencies of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and total nitrogen were 94.4, 91.7, 52.5, 13.4, 1.3 and 6.0% respectively. In the rainbow trout rearing tanks, there was a water volume of 125 L and water exchange rates of 125 and 250 L/h, there were no registered mortalities; the calculated daily weight gains were 1.55 and 1.51 g/day and the final stocking densities were respectively 20.87 and 20.58 kg/m3. The results suggested that the system had the capability to develop a nitrification process for maintaining water quality characteristics within the recommended values for rainbow trout farming, but total nitrogen was not effectively removed due to the weak denitrification process, since there were modest values of nitrite and overall nitrogen removal.
{"title":"Recirculating aquaculture system with three phase fluidized bed reactor: Carbon and nitrogen removal","authors":"I. A. Sánchez-Ortiz, Gloria Lucía Cárdenas-Calvachi","doi":"10.17533/udea.redin.20200264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20200264","url":null,"abstract":"The core objective of the study was to evaluate the organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency in a recirculating aquaculture system for the intensive laboratory-bred rainbow trout. The treatment system consisted of an upflow reactor which operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18 and 36 min, a pre-filtration unit with HRT of 4.9 and 9.8 min, a three-phase airlift fluidized bed reactor operated at HRT between 5 and 11 min, a granular unit for the upflow and the fluidized bed reactors effluents filtration with 5.8 and 11.6 min as HRT, and an ultraviolet (UV) unit for the final effluent disinfection. A plastic material was used as support media in the upflow reactor, and granular zeolite with an effective size of 1.30 mm in an 80 g/L constant concentration was used as a carrier for the fluidized bed reactor. Average removal efficiencies of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and total nitrogen were 94.4, 91.7, 52.5, 13.4, 1.3 and 6.0% respectively. In the rainbow trout rearing tanks, there was a water volume of 125 L and water exchange rates of 125 and 250 L/h, there were no registered mortalities; the calculated daily weight gains were 1.55 and 1.51 g/day and the final stocking densities were respectively 20.87 and 20.58 kg/m3. The results suggested that the system had the capability to develop a nitrification process for maintaining water quality characteristics within the recommended values for rainbow trout farming, but total nitrogen was not effectively removed due to the weak denitrification process, since there were modest values of nitrite and overall nitrogen removal.","PeriodicalId":21428,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria-universidad De Antioquia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74610581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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