Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove最新文献

A protective effect of metipranolol on renal ischemia has recently been demonstrated in our laboratory. The aim of present work was to investigate the effect of this drug on a model of total hepatic ischemia. Inosine was chosen as a comparative agent. Metipranolol (1 mg.kg-1) or inosine (160 mg.kg-1) were given i.v. to rats 15 min prior to inducing of 30-min lasting hepatic ischemia. The animals were followed up for 90 min after the end of ischemia. Pretreatment with inosine almost removed the harmful effect of ischemia on bile flow. Pretreatment with metipranolol slightly minimized the post-ischemic bile flow fall, this effect having been statistically significant only at 30. min of postischemic period. Neither inosine, nor metipranolol administration influenced significantly the ALT or AST plasma activity 90 min after release of hepatic vessels occlusion.

The effect of some toxic chemicals differing in their mechanism of action was studied by means of the method of the spontaneous motoric activity. Qualitative and quantitative changes in behaviour following administration of sublethal doses of these compounds were found. Depending on the doses administered, exploratory activity (both horizontal and vertical) following soman administration was decreased. Very low doses of VX decreased motoric activity of animals in dependence in time of its action. Anticholinergic substance QB significantly increased the frequency of motor activity. Noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP 4 decreased both horizontal and vertical activities depending on time of its exposition. The increase followed by decrease of spontaneous motor activity was observed following administration of yperite.

Following single administration of carbon tetrachloride (p.o., 200 microliters/200 g) to female rats, activities of transaminases AST and ALT were determined from 1 hr to 7 days after the intoxication. At the same time intervals, aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was applied. The results indicate that marked decrease of ABT was observed within the first 3 hrs of exposition and lasted 24 hrs. On the other hand, statistically significant elevation of plasma enzymes was demonstrated from the 3rd hr of administration and lasted also 24 hrs. The results indicate that ABT reacts more rapidly to carbon tetrachloride administration than the changes of plasma transaminase.

Amiodarone is a antiarrhythmic drug with many side-effects which include also the induction of photosensitivity and the development of greyish-blue pigmentations on the skin exposed to light. The authors examined 64 patients treated with amiodarone and 32 controls by means of a phototest using a xenon lamp. In 9.4% photosensitivity was recorded, in 9.4% there were greyish-blue hyperpigmentations in the face and on the back of the hands. Histological identification of these hyperpigmentations including electron microscopy was also performed.

Acetylcholinesterase activity in the blood, pontomedullar area, basal ganglia of the brain and diaphragm following sublethal soman (i.m., 31 micrograms/kg) and 2-dimethylaminoethyl-(dimethylamido)-fluorophosphate (GV) poisoning (i.m., 6 micrograms/kg) was studied in groups of rats (n = 6) pretreated as follows: intact, hepatectomized, sham-operated and narcotized animals. Except hepatectomized rats, all animals in the groups survived; in hepatectomized rats, 2 animals died following soman poisoning. Acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased in each group. The highest and significant (p < 0.05-0.0001) decrease of this activity in the pontomedullar area and diaphragm following hepatectomy was demonstrated. The results indicate that undiminished liver functional capacity is an important factor influencing soman and GV anticholinesterase action.

Case of the 47-year-old man, clinically suffering from recurrent dyspnoea, cough, syncopes, haemoptysis, unsuccessfully treated with anticoagulant and fibrinolytic agents, is described. Large masses of a tumour, occupying nearly the whole lumen of pulmonary artery and extending to peripheral branches, were removed during surgery. The tumour was histologically and immunohistochemically classified as myxosarcoma. Following surgery, the patient was asymptomatic, could do his original job (lorry-driver) for the next 14 months. He died 20 months after surgery, showing symptoms and signs of progressive right heart failure. At autopsy, the tumourous obliteration of the pulmonary artery and adjacent thrombosis were found. Primary pulmonary artery sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism, especially when no peripheral vein thrombosis could be found.

The function normothermally perfused isolated liver will be determined in our future experiments for the assessment of the quality of previous hypothermic preservation performed by means of various preservation solutions. As the opinions on the optimal storage temperature of organs differ, the aim of the present work was to find a proper storage temperature which would be suitable for our experiments. A comparison of liver preservation using simplified UW solution (UWs) at various temperatures was performed. During the isolation the liver was flushed by 50 ml of UWs through the portal vein and stored for 24 h either at 0 degree or 10 degrees C. The isolated liver was then perfused in a recirculation manner at 37 degrees C. The livers that were stored at 0 degree C showed only mild injury resulting in a slower bile flow rate in comparison with the control group without preservation; the results were only marginally significantly different. The livers that were stored at 10 degrees C showed more pronounced injury (higher portal resistance, higher ALT and AST activity in perfusate, higher water content in livers and slower bile flow) in comparison with other groups. Storage temperature of 0 degree C seems to be more convenient for our future experiments.

While the knowledge concerning the role of the immune system in many internal disorders has grown rapidly in recent years, there are few methods to assess immune system activation in clinical practice. Measurement of urine neopterin, product of a metabolic pathway controlled by interferon-gamma, has been found useful in many clinical conditions. The present study concerns neopterin excretion in 157 patients with different internal disorders. As expected, we found an increase in urine neopterin in patients with malignant tumors, autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus or inflammatory bowel disease, and infections. Elevated neopterin levels were also observed in acute pancreatitis and in acute myocardial infarction. In addition, significant correlations between urine neopterin and zinc and neopterin and copper excretion were found suggesting a physiological role of neopterin as urine antioxidant.

In the study literary data are given together with our own experience with the immunomodulation effects of Transfer Factor (TF) Sevac. The application of 3-5 ampulles of TF leads not only to E rosettes but even to a separate subpopulations of T lymphocytes increase. The results obtained in 51 patients with GIT and renal cells carcinoma were statistically evaluated. About 80% of the patients experienced an improvement of subjective conditions during the treatment. Objectively supported adjustment of laboratory indices was found in 83-88% of the parameters evaluated. Also the absolute numbers of CD4+ cells in 10(9)/1 increased (at p < 0.001) together with CD3+ and CD8+ (p < 0.01). A significant correlation between separate subpopulations of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes was proved in the original mode. From our results it is obvious that the TF Sevac application and further observing of its immunomodulation effect will be the object of interest of the immunologists of general practice and clinical research even in spite of some lacks in its characteristics.

The share of platelets in the process of atherosclerosis and its thrombotic complications depends on the rate of their activation, which can be assessed by investigating the plasmatic levels of platelet factor 4 (PF4). Authors made use of this method in 68 patients with ischemic stroke and searched for the correlation between the found results, clinical picture and supposed etiopathogenesis of the disease. On the grounds of given findings they reached the conclusion that the increased PF4 levels represent no sign of a cerebral complication but only characterize the group of risky patients threatened by their platelets function status.