Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove最新文献

The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was examined histochemically in the parenchyma of murine submandibular gland (SMG) during postnatal development on light-microscopical level. In this study, SDH appears as a good marker of differentiating and mature striated ducts of both sexes and convoluted granular tubules of males. Enzyme activity in glandular parenchyma increased from the 1st day to the 7th week of postnatal life. Definitive enzymatic pattern was seen in the gland aged 7 weeks. Histochemical differences between male and female SMG of mouse were noted.

Methylnitrosourea (MNU) was applied by gavage into the stomach in a dose of 123.1 mg/kg. Hydroxyurea (250 mg/kg) and 6 (3)H thymidine (dTh - 2 MBq/g) were injected intraperitoneally. DNA repair synthesis as the labelling of non-proliferating cells was most reliably established in the testicles, bronchi, duodenum, kidney, liver and pancreas after 3 months to 3 years exposure of the histoautoradiograms. The findings in the stomach and rectum are near to this group. Less reliable positivity was found in the adrenals, urinary vesicle, spleen and heart, while in the musculature of the abdominal wall and in the thymus the results were negative. There is some correlation of these results with literary data about organ specific development of tumors after orally applied MNU to mice. This suggests wide applicability of this autoradiographical method. The possibility of increasing the dose of 3H thymidine is also discussed.

The effects of the repeated i.v. administration of daunorubicin (50 mg/m2, once weekly, max. 9 weeks) were investigated in rabbits in vivo to analyze biochemical and hematological changes. Noninvasive polygraphic records were used to evaluate the function of the heart. The administration of daunorubicin induced changes especially in levels of protein (decrease in total protein and albumin) and of some ions (decrease in calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) as well as in hematological parameters (decrease in erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes). The results obtained correlate with data on mechanisms of daunorubicin toxicity.

In addition to standard pattern-reversal VEPs, the motion-onset VEPs were examined in 50 patients with acute unilateral retrobulbar neuritis (RN) and in 187 patients with possible or definite multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS patients (without sign or history of RN), the results of both types of VEPs correlated only partially. 26.2% of them displayed changes only in the motion-onset VEPs having the pattern-reversal VEPs completely normal. That is why we suppose that the magnocellular system (tested by motion-onset VEPs) can be affected by demyelination separately. In 28 patients with "pure" RN (without any other sign indicating demyelination disease) the always abnormal pattern-reversal VEPs were accompanied by delayed motion-onset VEPs in only 28.6% of patients. In contrast, much higher rate--68.2%--of delayed motion-onset VEPs was found in the 22 RN patients simultaneously suspected of MS These results indicate that RN affects predominantly the parvocellular visual system (tested by reversal VEPs). Distinct latency changes of the motion-onset VEP's in RN patients seem to signal a linkage between RN and demyelination.

The trophoblast may serve as an example of tissue that is endowed with invasive properties under physiological conditions. Invasiveness of the trophoblast is enabled by the secretion of various proteases capable of degrading extracellular matrix components. Trophoblast invasive behavior is strictly controlled by anti-invasive factors produced by uterine decidual cells. To assess invasive abilities of trophoblast cells we have transplanted E9 and E14 rat trophoblast (i.e. the trophoblast obtained on embryonic day 9 and 14) into the brain of adult rats. The brain parenchyma as an immunologically privileged site is suitable for acceptance of grafts of different tissues. Moreover, the trophoblast placed into the CNS lacks inhibitory influence of anti-invasive factors that normally regulate trophoblast invasivity in the course of intrauterine gestation. To visualize migration of grafted cells the nuclei of the trophoblast were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine prior to neural grafting. The transplant of E9 and E14 trophoblast cells obtained a blood nourishment from host vessels. A proper vascularization is necessary for a further transplant growth. The transplant contained labyrinthine trophoblast cells and giant cells that are typical for the rat placenta. Vital trophoblast cells were found in all grafts whose age did not exceed a lifespan of normal rat trophoblast cells i.e. 21-22 days. In the centre of the graft, no blood vessels were observed. Interstitial spaces of neighbouring trophoblast cells were filled with the host blood and morphology of these spaces mimicked lacunae of the placental trophoblast. E9 and E14 rat trophoblast continued to differentiate after transplantation into the CNS of adult rats. Histological structure of the grafts were compared with microscopical morphology of the normal rat placenta. E9 and E14 trophoblast is considerably differentiated and it does not invade a neighbouring tissue. Trophoblast cells located at t the graft periphery may migrate on free surfaces but they do not invade through the host parenchyma. Migration occurs at a limited distance from the transplant and the cells remain in a close contact with other trophoblast cells in the graft via their cytoplasmatic processes. The ability to lyse host blood vessels and form vascular lacunae is well preserved in E9 and E14 trophoblast after grafting into the CNS. This ability is necessary for a proper transport of nutrients from the host blood stream to fetal tissue that normally occurs in the placenta.

Unique character of brain tumors and problems inherent in different concepts of histological classification are impediments to effective histoprognosis. Large place for subjectivity may be diminished by integration of kinetics data into evaluation of tumor samples. Methods of measuring cell proliferation include immunohistochemical detection of halogenated or tritiated pyrimidine analogues after intravenous injection and nuclear antigens associated with the cell cycle, other methods are selective silver staining and modified flow cytometry. In this study, the literature concerning the use of proliferation markers in neurooncology is reviewed and the problems consisting in used methods are pointed out. The most reliable markers and techniques are recommended and situations of special importance for the cell proliferation markers use specified.

At the Department of Urology in Hradec Králové five patients were treated in 1991 to 1993 with bleeding to the adrenal glands. We present our reports of these patients and stress the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis.

Dyspnoea perception in patients with asthma bronchiale varies considerably in the course of their disease intra- and interindividually. The variability tends to be age dependent, elderly patients being less aware of even severe obstruction. Blunted perception of progressive airway narrowing has been identified, as an independent risk factor of severe asthma attacks or even asthma induced death. Such patients should be provided with a peak flow meter for home objective monitoring of airway obstruction. Simultaneously, a written action plan of how to manage an impending asthma attack should be available. A small number of asthmatics has been shown demonstrate excessive dyspnoea perception when no or minor airway obstruction could be established objectively. These patients could also profit from offering them a home peak flow meter due to the calming of their distress when no airway obstruction was measured and avoiding them of drug overuse.

A new method of left ventricle contraction evaluation using radiance is submitted. The reference point is not established a priori. It is the point where the function given by contraction variability and its magnitude has the minimum. This minimum can be considered as the contraction evaluating parameter.