Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove最新文献

An application of computerized digital analysis to photographically recorded pictures of the fundus of the eye is described. This approach has been found as a reproducible and objective method for detection and description of different changes in ocular tissues (exudative diabetic maculopathy especially) for the diagnostic or prognostic purposes (progress of the illness, results of the treatment). Possibilities offered by this method in other relevant retrospective studies are also discussed.

Indolylacryloylglycine (IAcrGly) is a regular constituent of human urine. Changes in its excretion have been observed, among other conditions, in some skin diseases. Skin lesions in burns are dealt with in the present paper. IAcrGly excretion has been followed during several weeks of hospital treatment and compared with that of two other tryptophan metabolites, namely indolylacetic acid (IAA) and 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid (5-HIAA). The average excretion of IAcrGly was significantly lower especially between day 3 and 15 post injury. Some alternative explanations of these results are put forward.

The haemodynamic response to oxygen breathing and various vasodilatory drugs (Nifedipine, Ketanserin, Dihydralazine, Nitroglycerin, Iso-Mack, Nit-Ret) was repeatedly measured at different time intervals (4-24 months) in 10 males with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension due to chronic obstructive lung disease. It was found that the pulmonary artery mean pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance changes are stable in most of the patients, discordant reactions being exceptional and of small degree. The authors consider these findings important in the therapeutical decision making for longterm oxygen therapy and or vasodilatory drug administration.

Experiences with the use of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a marker of cellular division were described within this paper. BrdU is incorporated in the course of S-phase of cell cycle into the arising DNA in place of thymidine. The presence of BrdU in cell nuclei of tested tissues was detected with a monoclonal antibody and immunoperoxidase method. It was found that: 1. In adult rats a total dose of 100 mg is sufficient for labeling nuclei in most tissues, however intensity of the staining varies. The largest amount of BrdU was revealed in enterocyte nuclei. Lower level of BrdU was detected in cells in the spleen and in the interalveolar septa (probably macrophages) and the lowest one was found in the liver (hepatocytes, Kupffer, and Ito cells); with the exception of individual astrocytes no labeling was revealed in the central nervous system. 2. ED14 (14 days old) rat embryo that had been exposed to BrdU in the mother body, revealed only a weak labeling because of the uptake of BrdU in the placenta. The highest level of BrdU was observed in mesenchymal cells surrounding primitive organs. 3. Explants of the cerebral rat ED14 cortex that had been exposed to BrdU during intrauterine development, remain to be BrdU positive even after their transplantation into the recipient's brain. Different intensity of cell nuclei labeling reflects the rate of mitoses from embryonic day 12 (ED12) to ED14 when BrdU had been administered.

The effects of i. v. administration of substances VUFB 17951 (0.046 and 0.46 mg/kg) and VUFB 17959 (0.045 and 0.45 mg/kg) on hemodynamics of rabbits in vivo have been determined under the paced and non-paced heart conditions. The substances (N-arakyl derivatives of 2-aminomethyl-1, 4 benzodioxane) used in our study possessed calcium-channel and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity in the isolated preparations. The administration of VUFB 17951 (in the non-paced heart) induced a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure (max. 62.2%), a mild slowing-down of the heart rate (max. 83.6%), a progressive and marked decrease in the values of the minute (max. 40.6%) and stroke (max. 41.4%) blood flow in the abdominal aorta. The administration of the lower dose of VUFB 17959 induced a mild increase in the blood pressure (max. 115.6%), after the higher dose a mild decrease in blood pressure was found (max. 83.1%). VUFB 17959 induced a mild slowing down of the cardiac frequency (max. 88.2%) and a progressive and marked decrease in minute (max. 45.3%) and stroke (max. 43.2%) blood flow in the abdominal aorta. In most intervals (during 120 min observation) no significant differences in the followed parameters were found between the conditions of the paced and non-paced hearts. The effects of VUFB 17951 were mostly more marked compared with those of VUFB 17959. From the point of view of a further study of the substances under examination the fact that premature death of animals occurred seems to be substantial. The premature death (followed up to the 240th min after the administration of substances) occurred in about 2/3 of animals and was accompanied with signs of an acute cardiac and hemodynamic failure. The observed hemodynamical changes may be manifestations of a presence of calcium-channel antagonistic effects of substances, possibly in combination with their alpha-adrenergic blocking activity. However, they do not exclude other possible mechanisms of their action or toxicity. On the basis of the results obtained in our study a need follows to investigate the effects of substances during a long period after their administration. A consideration should be paid to other routes of administration as well as a necessity of further detailed study concerning the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of substances.

Increased immunoglobulin G2 [IgG2] in Crohn's disease in contrast with increased IgG1 in ulcerative colitis was reported in literature data. The aim of our study has been focused on serum IgG subclasses in Crohn's disease with resected bowel (11 patients) and without previous surgery for Crohn's disease (12 patients). All patients were in active stage of the disease on total parenteral nutrition. Serum IgG subclasses were estimated by means of radial immunodiffusion. There was no significant differences between in IgG subclasses in Crohn's disease with and without bowel resection. IgG2 over 4.5 g/l was found only in 2/12 with resected bowel and 1/11 without previous surgery for Crohn's disease. Surprisingly, IgG1/IgG2 ratio below 1.5 was found only in 5/23 persons. In 3/23 patients IgG1 was over 10.5 g/l although there was no doubt about the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. IgG subclasses failed to help in confirmation of the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Serum IgG subclasses alterations probably are not influenced by bowel resection and/or nutritional status.

D,L-propranolol protects kidney against warm ischemia. On the contrary beta-blockers without membrane stabilizing activity (timolol, L-propranolol) do not possess this protective ability. The aim of the present work was to test the potential anti-ischemic properties of metipranolol, another beta-blocker with membrane stabilizing component. Metipranolol (1 mg/kg) was given 30 min prior to inducing the ischemia of left rat kidney followed with a contralateral nephrectomy. This pretreatment lowered the creatinemia as measured 24 hr after 60 min ischemia and improved the survival of rats after 90 min renal ischemia. The results are compatible with the concept that the membrane stabilizing activity may play a crucial role in the protective action of beta-blockers.

The effects of substances--which in the isolated preparations possess calcium channel and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity--on cardiac contractility (dP/dtmax. of the blood pressure in the left ventricle) were evaluated. Substances VUFB 17951 (0.046 and 0.46 mg/kg) and VUFB 17959 (0.045 and 0.45 mg/kg) were administered intravenously in rabbits in vivo in pentobarbital anaesthesia under the conditions of the paced and non-paced heart rate. VUFB 17951 induced dose-dependent, immediately after the administration onsetting, progressive and significant decrease in dP/dtmax. (max. 50.5% in the paced and 51.4% in the non-paced heart). The effects of substance VUFB 17959 were less marked. On the basis of the results obtained in the present study it is possible to consider the participation of more mechanisms of the action (inc. calcium-channel antagonistic ones) related to negative inotropic effects of the substances. The absence of significant differences in the reaction of dP/dtmax. between the paced and non-paced heart conditions may then indicate a presence of a direct cardiodepressant action of substances VUFB 17951 and 17959.

Patients suffering from renal carcinoma, treated at the Department of Urology in Hradec Králové, have been systematically followed up since 1962. In the present study we evaluated a group of patients treated from the year 1985 till 1991. The group consisted of 365 patients with renal carcinoma. In 55 (15%) of them invasion into the renal vein or into the vena cava inferior was found (in 43 men and 12 women). In 38 patients the tumour with thrombus in the vena cava inferior was on the right side, in 17 the tumour of the left kidney was removed. The proportion of the right side to the left was 2.2:1. The surgical treatment of tumorous thrombosis depends on the upper border line of the tumorous thrombus. The tumorous thrombus in the subhepatic segment of the vena cava inferior can be treated by its massaging into the renal vein after the obliteration of the artery or by the parietal resection of the vena cava inferior. The resection of the vena cava inferior was performed in 32 patients. In 5 patients the tumorous invasion could not be treated because of extensive metastases (into the liver and the lung) or there was a tumorous parietal infiltration of the vena cava inferior. Evaluating the whole group after 30 years inclusive of the Navrátil's set made with our cooperation, there were 1,005 patients suffering from renal tumours, operated on at the Department of Urology in Hradec Králové. In 155 (15.4%) tumorous thrombi were surgically removed from the great veins. In 38 cases there was a demarcation of tumorous thrombi to the renal vein but in 117 the thrombus penetrated into the vena cava inferior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Changes of acetylcholinesterase activity in the blood and different organs of the rat following intoxication with sarin, soman, VX and 2-dimethylamino-ethyl-(dimethylamido)phosphonofluoridate (GV) in doses of approximately 2 x LD50 (i.m.) were obtained from literature data and by experiment. The time course of acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the blood, regions of brain and diaphragm and the occurrence of signs and symptoms of poisoning (none, salivation, disturbed ventilation and fasciculations, convulsions or death) were summarized and compared. When blood enzyme activities were 70-100% normal, no signs were seen; at 60-70%, salivation occurred; at less than 30-55%, disturbed ventilation and fasciculations were seen while at 15-30%, convulsions occurred. Less than 10% was fatal. In experiments with narcotized dogs, the blood acetylcholinesterase activity and its reactivatability with trimedoxime were determined following intoxication (i.m.) with the above mentioned four compounds. It can be concluded that acetylcholinesterase activity in the blood corresponds to that in the target organs and can be considered as an appropriate parameter for biological monitoring of nerve gas exposure. Moreover, determination of reactivatability of blood acetylcholinesterase indicates more information than simple enzyme activity determination.