Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove最新文献

Experiments were carried out in the adult males and females rats of Wistar strain (n = 80) and in the adult males and females of the genetically hypertensive rats of Koletsky type (n = 80). Total time of locomotor-exploratory activity was traced ten minutes in the great box; eight animals per group were used. In the second experimental arrangement the locomotor-exploratory activity was traced three minutes in great box, one minute in rearing box and six minutes again in the great box; eight animals per group were used. In separate groups of animals in second experimental arrangement locomotor-exploratory activity was traced under tranylcypromine (5 mg/kg), diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) and caffeine (10 mg/kg) of b.w. Motor depression induced by rapid repeated transposition of the rats from one box to the other one shows the highest level during the first, second and third minute after the last transposition (see the fifth, sixth and seventh minute in the Tables). During the fourth, fifth and sixth minute after the last transposition "rebound effect" can be found, i.e., elevation of locomotor-exploratory activity relative to the activity registered during former three minute interval. Considering the statistically significant changes in the locomotor-exploratory activity in the first, second and third minute after the last transposition, tranylcypromine in the normotensive rats of both sexes and in the genetically hypertensive rats of both sexes in all three minutes alleviates the motor depression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Changes of some physiological functions in rats were studied following intoxication with new type of highly toxic organophosphate GV [2-dimethylaminoethyl-(dimethylamido)-fluorophosphate] in doses of 2x and 4x LD50 i.m. The intoxication has begun with increasing motoric activity followed by increased salivation, rumination and bristling. Tachypnoe and fasciculations followed by convulsions and death were observed later. Therapy of intoxication with GV compound (in dose of 2x LD50) in rats demonstrated the best antidotal effect of combination of benactyzine, atropine and HI-6. In GV intoxication in higher doses (4x LD50), therapeutic efficacy (survival of experimental animals) was limited for 24 hours. HI-6 can be therefore considered as potentially universal reactivator for the treatment of nerve agents intoxication.

The authors refer results of 773 scleroplasty operations performed in 411 children, mean age was 11.3, S.D. 3.6 years. Irradiated human sclera proved to be the best material for scleral reinforcement. Mean myopia progression was 0.26 D/year in myopia progressiva and 0.23 D/year in myopia gravis. Mean visual acuity was better in all intervals after surgery (p = 0.0000 one and four years after, 0.0002 six years after in myopia progressiva, in the same intervals in myopia gravis it was 0.0009, 0.0027, 0.0002). Scleral reinforcement can positively influence myopia progression.

The localization of aminopeptidase M (APM), aminopeptidase A (APA) and gama-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity was studied at light microscope level in the nasal cavity organs of the laboratory rodents (rat, mouse, guinea pig) and human foetuses. All the enzymes were demonstrated histochemically in chloroform-acetone pretreated cryostat sections with application of azocoupling methods (5, 9). These membrane-bound aminopeptidases may participate in the metabolism of peptides in the nasal cavity. They have specific roles as modulators of growth and differentiation of the epithelial cells. The results revealed differences in enzyme patterns between olfactory and respiratory epithelium. GGT seemed to be present only in respiratory epithelium and in the ducts of Bowman's glands. Activity of APM and APA was found mostly in the fibrocytes which adhered to the basal membrane of the epithelium and glands.

The authors examined clinically, by EMG and by electrostimulation the motor and sensory fibers of the median nerve in 15 control hands (group A), 35 hands with the paresthetic form of CTS (group B), and 33 hands with CTS and pathologic DML (group C). The examination of the sensory fibers was performed on the first (thumb) to 4th digits separately by the orthodromic technique with monitoring the NAP by needle electrodes from the wrist. Two hundred fifty six responses were averaged out and always 4 stimulatory values were followed on the sensory fibers. The highest percentage of pathologic values by DSL in group B was on the first digit (thumb: 37%), in group C on the 3rd digit (93%). By DSCV the highest number of pathologic values in groups B and C was on the thumb (43 and 90 per cent respectively), for NAP duration in groups B and C on the third digit (26 and 60 per cent respectively). In the controls the mean amplitude of NAP fluctuated between 19-50 uV. The best parameters are considered: the DSL, DSCV, somewhat less the duration of NAP. In the paresthetic form of CTS pathologic values of sensory parameters fluctuated between 8.6-42.8 per cent, in the group with pathologic DML in the range of 24.2-93.3 per cent. If one considered pathologic an examination that had at least one pathologic sensory parameter at least on one digit, group B yielded 77 per cent, and group C 100 per cent of pathological results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

At the Department of urology in Hradec Králové between 1989-1993 287 patients with a tumor of the kidney were operated on, in 45 of them (15.6%) conservatively. In this set there are 29 men and 16 women with the mean age 56.5 years. In 29 patients the contralateral kidney was normal (64%), 5 patients underwent nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, in 9 patients the opposite kidney was hypofunctionalised (hydronephrosis, cysts). In two patients the conservative approach was used for reasons of another type of malignancy (haematological). In 33 (73.3%) patients enucleation, in 12 patients resection of the lower or upper pole were done. The tumor was classified as T 1 stage in 6 patients, but in 4 patients already as T 3a (in patients with imperative indication). In 35 patients the tumor was moderately differentiated, in two ones with histologically confirmed renal cell carcinomas the tumors were poorly differentiated, in 8 patients there were histologically adenomas, in one angiomyolipoma and in another case scar after PCN (percutaneous nephrolithotomy). Preoperative examination included immunological examination, this was not done in two patients. Good results were obtained in 21 patients (60%), 12 patients were in high risk and 6 of them received immunotherapy. As an early complication one patient had urinary fistula, which resolved after introduction of stent. Relapse of malignancy in the screening period was not noticed.

Authors described the results of immunohistological investigation in 13 patients--12 with clinical diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid and 1 patient with clinical diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. 1 M NaCl solution was used to split normal human skin, used as substrates for immunohistological testing of the antilamina lucida and anti-sublamina densa antibodies.

Ergot alkaloids possess some properties potentially beneficial in ischemia of organs. Therefore the effect of pretreatment by nicergoline and bromocriptine was established in ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver. PGE2 and verapamil were used as comparative agents. Hepatic ischemia (60 min) of anesthetized rats was induced by clamping of vessels supplying the median and left lateral lobe. Tested drugs were given i.v. 2 or 5 min prior to inducing ischemia. ALT and AST activities in serum two hours after the end of ischemia were used as markers of hepatocellular injury. Only PGE2 (0.1 mg.kg-1) pretreatment minimized the postischemic rise of both ALT and AST activities. Pretreatment with various doses of nicergoline (1 or 4 mg.kg-1), bromocriptine (1 or 4 mg.kg-1) and verapamil (0.9 or 4.5 mg.kg-1) did not influence significantly serum transaminases activities after ischemia. Bromocriptine (4 mg.kg-1) given together with PGE2 did not improve a protective effect against ischemia achieved by the administration of PGE2 (0.1 microgram.kg-1).

1. Changes of corticosterone level in the plasma and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in the liver following treated and untreated dichlorvos poisoning in rats were studied. 2. Corticosterone level during untreated poisoning was increased only. During treated dichlorvos poisoning and following antidotal treatment without poisoning, no significant changes of corticosterone level were observed. 3. Expressive increase of TAT activity in the third and 24th hour of untreated poisoning was demonstrated. Following treatment of dichlorvos poisoning with atropine, obidoxime and diazepam, the delayed and lower increase of TAT activity was observed. Following antidotal treatment without poisoning, no significant changes of TAT activity except its decrease in the third hour were demonstrated. 4. The treatment of dichlorvos poisoning practically eliminate stressogenic effects of dichlorvos. Moreover, the markers could be used for evaluating the effects of antidotes against organophosphate poisoning.

While depressed circulating zinc levels constitute a well-characterized part of the acute phase response, relatively little attention has been paid to the changes in urinary zinc excretion, although urine zinc output has been reported to be elevated in various disorders, mainly those known to be accompanied by inflammatory phenomena. In order to assess the significance of urinary zinc loss and its relationship with the acute phase response, zinc concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry together with creatinine in urine samples of patients with different disorders. Plasma zinc, C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, prealbumin, transferrin, and iron have also been determined in some patients. In accordance with the results of previous studies, we report an increase in urinary zinc, notably in solid tumors, hematologic malignancies, autoimmune rheumatic disorders, bacterial infections, diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. We also found a significant positive correlation between urinary zinc and acute phase proteins alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (rs = 0.4649, P < 0.005), haptoglobin (rs = 0.4688, P < 0.005) and C-reactive protein (rs = 0.3636, P < 0.025), as well as a negative correlation with plasma zinc (rs = 0.3640, P < 0.025). As the role of lipid peroxidation in renal tubular cell injury has been proposed, the increased urinary levels of zinc, which has antioxidant properties, may be an important protecting mechanism, representing a part of the acute phase response in the kidney.