Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268744
Julia A. Rodrigues, Kamilla L. Vasconcelos, Amy Epps Martin, Edith Arámbula-Mercado, Eyad Masad
AbstractThe process of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) recycling may occur multiple times during the life of the pavement. This study investigates the effect of multiple recycling on binder properties by employing a virgin 3045 PEN grade binder that was aged in the laboratory intended to simulate aging of binders in RAP. The aged binder was rejuvenated using two bio-oils and one softer binder. The doses of the bio-oils and softer binder were determined by matching the continuous high-temperature performance grade (PGH) of the rejuvenated RAP binder to that of the virgin binder. This aging and rejuvenation cycle was repeated three times. Finally, fatigue and rutting performance of the binder was evaluated for the three reuse levels. Results indicate that the material can be reused up to three cycles keeping good performance on fatigue or rutting. However, care should be taken regarding the cumulative effect of bio-oils causing an over-softening effect on the of the RAP.KEYWORDS: Reclaimed asphalt pavement; Recycling agent; Multiple recyclingBlending chartsRAP percent Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo: [Grant Number 2019/11354-4].
{"title":"Effects of multiple recycling on the performance characteristics of asphalt binder using different recycling agents","authors":"Julia A. Rodrigues, Kamilla L. Vasconcelos, Amy Epps Martin, Edith Arámbula-Mercado, Eyad Masad","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268744","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe process of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) recycling may occur multiple times during the life of the pavement. This study investigates the effect of multiple recycling on binder properties by employing a virgin 3045 PEN grade binder that was aged in the laboratory intended to simulate aging of binders in RAP. The aged binder was rejuvenated using two bio-oils and one softer binder. The doses of the bio-oils and softer binder were determined by matching the continuous high-temperature performance grade (PGH) of the rejuvenated RAP binder to that of the virgin binder. This aging and rejuvenation cycle was repeated three times. Finally, fatigue and rutting performance of the binder was evaluated for the three reuse levels. Results indicate that the material can be reused up to three cycles keeping good performance on fatigue or rutting. However, care should be taken regarding the cumulative effect of bio-oils causing an over-softening effect on the of the RAP.KEYWORDS: Reclaimed asphalt pavement; Recycling agent; Multiple recyclingBlending chartsRAP percent Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo: [Grant Number 2019/11354-4].","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268194
Ning Liu, Liping Liu, Mingchen Li, Lijun Sun
AbstractThe paper provides a review of mix design, construction temperature determination, performance and life-cycle assessment (LCA) of WMA mixtures. The mix design of WMA mixtures using almost the same design protocols as the HMA mixtures. The techniques used for determining WMA mixtures’ construction temperatures include the analogy, phase angle, compaction energy index (CEI) and traffic densification index (TDI), and 4% air void methods. The use of Sasobit is advisable for the road prone to rutting. For the road prone to water damage, the use of foaming technologyis not suitable and Rediset is recommended. For the road prone to fatigue failure, the use of Water-based processes is not recommended, while Evotherm and Rediset are advisable. From an environmental point of view, water-based processes are recommended for the production of WMA mixtures, followed by organic additives and chemical additives, whereas the use of water-bearing additives is not recommended.KEYWORDS: WMA technologymix designconstruction temperatures determinationperformanceLCA Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia [grant number 2022AAC03758], [grant number 2020AAC03502], as well as the Gansu Science and Technology Plan (Major Science and Technology Projects) under the numbers of 21ZD8JA003. The sponsorships are gratefully acknowledged.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of warm-mix asphalt mixtures: mix design, construction temperatures determination, performance and life-cycle assessment","authors":"Ning Liu, Liping Liu, Mingchen Li, Lijun Sun","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268194","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe paper provides a review of mix design, construction temperature determination, performance and life-cycle assessment (LCA) of WMA mixtures. The mix design of WMA mixtures using almost the same design protocols as the HMA mixtures. The techniques used for determining WMA mixtures’ construction temperatures include the analogy, phase angle, compaction energy index (CEI) and traffic densification index (TDI), and 4% air void methods. The use of Sasobit is advisable for the road prone to rutting. For the road prone to water damage, the use of foaming technologyis not suitable and Rediset is recommended. For the road prone to fatigue failure, the use of Water-based processes is not recommended, while Evotherm and Rediset are advisable. From an environmental point of view, water-based processes are recommended for the production of WMA mixtures, followed by organic additives and chemical additives, whereas the use of water-bearing additives is not recommended.KEYWORDS: WMA technologymix designconstruction temperatures determinationperformanceLCA Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia [grant number 2022AAC03758], [grant number 2020AAC03502], as well as the Gansu Science and Technology Plan (Major Science and Technology Projects) under the numbers of 21ZD8JA003. The sponsorships are gratefully acknowledged.","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268743
C. A. Donnelly, N. R. Buettner, J. M. Vandenbossche
AbstractSuperload vehicles (SLs) are typically defined as vehicles having a gross vehicle weight (GVW) greater than 890 kN. SLs often consist of unique axle configurations that may cause significant damage to pavements. Research has been mainly limited to SLs on asphalt pavements, therefore the effect of SLs on concrete pavements is not well established. In this study, fatigue stresses in concrete pavements were quantified for a database of pavement structures and SLs to identify critical conditions that contribute to fatigue damage. A series of load pulses were constructed from a database of finite element results to identify conditions and locations within the slab for peak stress development. Tensile stress greatest in thin pavements with a stiff base layer and large positive temperature gradients subjected to tandem axle SLs. Fatigue damage was calculated for the critical cases using several damage models, and significant variation was found between models based on inputs used.KEYWORDS: Fatigue damagesuperloadsconcrete pavementsfinite element method Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingFunding for this study was provided by the Pennsylvania Transportation under [grant number 4400018535].
{"title":"Fatigue damage caused by superload vehicles in concrete pavements","authors":"C. A. Donnelly, N. R. Buettner, J. M. Vandenbossche","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268743","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSuperload vehicles (SLs) are typically defined as vehicles having a gross vehicle weight (GVW) greater than 890 kN. SLs often consist of unique axle configurations that may cause significant damage to pavements. Research has been mainly limited to SLs on asphalt pavements, therefore the effect of SLs on concrete pavements is not well established. In this study, fatigue stresses in concrete pavements were quantified for a database of pavement structures and SLs to identify critical conditions that contribute to fatigue damage. A series of load pulses were constructed from a database of finite element results to identify conditions and locations within the slab for peak stress development. Tensile stress greatest in thin pavements with a stiff base layer and large positive temperature gradients subjected to tandem axle SLs. Fatigue damage was calculated for the critical cases using several damage models, and significant variation was found between models based on inputs used.KEYWORDS: Fatigue damagesuperloadsconcrete pavementsfinite element method Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingFunding for this study was provided by the Pennsylvania Transportation under [grant number 4400018535].","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268750
XiaoPing Ji, Shiyu Zhu, Yunlong Sun, Hangle Li, Ye Chen, Yun Chen
AbstractAsphalt pavement surface texture is the main factor affecting pavement function. Reconstruction of the asphalt pavement surface texture is needed to accurately reveal its evolutionary characteristics for pavement performance and quality evaluation. To reconstruct an optimised 3D model of the asphalt pavement surface texture and to study its evolutionary properties, digital image processing technique and accelerated pavement testing system were used. First, the asphalt pavement surface texture 3D model optimised by three camera parameters and their thresholds. Next, the accelerated pavement testing system simulated traffic loadings on dense-gradation asphalt mixtures to investigate the pavement surface texture evolution properties. Finally, predictive models are developed for the asphalt pavement surface texture evolution. Results show that the optimised pavement texture 3D model resembles actual pavement structure. The surface texture evolutionary characteristics of asphalt pavement can be divided into three periods and six stages. The evolution model can accurately characterise the evolution of the surface texture of asphalt pavement.Abbreviations: MLS11: Accelerated pavement testing system; HP: Mean pixel difference; Df: Fractal Dimension; MTD: Mean Texture Depth; BPN: British Pendulum NumberKEYWORDS: Asphalt pavementsurface texturedigital image processing technologyaccelerated pavement testingevolutionary characteristics Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD under project No. 300102212906: [Grant Number 300102212906]; Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi: [Grant Number 2022TD-07]; National Natural Science Foundation of China under project No. 51908460: [Grant Number No. 51908460].
{"title":"Reconstruction and evolution of 3D model on asphalt pavement surface texture using digital image processing technology and accelerated pavement testing","authors":"XiaoPing Ji, Shiyu Zhu, Yunlong Sun, Hangle Li, Ye Chen, Yun Chen","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268750","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAsphalt pavement surface texture is the main factor affecting pavement function. Reconstruction of the asphalt pavement surface texture is needed to accurately reveal its evolutionary characteristics for pavement performance and quality evaluation. To reconstruct an optimised 3D model of the asphalt pavement surface texture and to study its evolutionary properties, digital image processing technique and accelerated pavement testing system were used. First, the asphalt pavement surface texture 3D model optimised by three camera parameters and their thresholds. Next, the accelerated pavement testing system simulated traffic loadings on dense-gradation asphalt mixtures to investigate the pavement surface texture evolution properties. Finally, predictive models are developed for the asphalt pavement surface texture evolution. Results show that the optimised pavement texture 3D model resembles actual pavement structure. The surface texture evolutionary characteristics of asphalt pavement can be divided into three periods and six stages. The evolution model can accurately characterise the evolution of the surface texture of asphalt pavement.Abbreviations: MLS11: Accelerated pavement testing system; HP: Mean pixel difference; Df: Fractal Dimension; MTD: Mean Texture Depth; BPN: British Pendulum NumberKEYWORDS: Asphalt pavementsurface texturedigital image processing technologyaccelerated pavement testingevolutionary characteristics Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD under project No. 300102212906: [Grant Number 300102212906]; Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi: [Grant Number 2022TD-07]; National Natural Science Foundation of China under project No. 51908460: [Grant Number No. 51908460].","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268740
Purbayan Ghosh Mondal, Kranthi K. Kuna
AbstractThis study explores the influence of intrinsic bitumen properties on foam characteristics, considering physical properties (penetration, softening point, viscosity), chemical compositions (SARA components, FTIR indices), and physico-chemical characteristics [surface free energy (SFE)]. Ten distinct bitumen samples from two different sources were analyzed. The results reveal that physical properties alone do not sufficiently account for variations in foaming potential among bitumen types. However, chemical compositions and SFE proved to be more informative, explaining the differences in maximum expansion ratio and foam index, specifically for bitumen from the same source. In contrast, when bitumen originates from different sources, none of these intrinsic properties can clarify foaming potential. Notably, intrinsic bitumen properties fail to elucidate the variability in the half-life of foamed bitumen, even when the bitumen types share the same source. These findings underscore the significance of considering multiple factors when assessing bitumen's foam characteristics, particularly when evaluating materials from diverse sources.KEYWORDS: Foamed bitumenfoam characteristicsphysical properties of bitumenchemical compositions of bitumenbitumen sourcecorrelation analysis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Influence of physical properties and chemical compositions of bitumen on foam characteristics","authors":"Purbayan Ghosh Mondal, Kranthi K. Kuna","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268740","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis study explores the influence of intrinsic bitumen properties on foam characteristics, considering physical properties (penetration, softening point, viscosity), chemical compositions (SARA components, FTIR indices), and physico-chemical characteristics [surface free energy (SFE)]. Ten distinct bitumen samples from two different sources were analyzed. The results reveal that physical properties alone do not sufficiently account for variations in foaming potential among bitumen types. However, chemical compositions and SFE proved to be more informative, explaining the differences in maximum expansion ratio and foam index, specifically for bitumen from the same source. In contrast, when bitumen originates from different sources, none of these intrinsic properties can clarify foaming potential. Notably, intrinsic bitumen properties fail to elucidate the variability in the half-life of foamed bitumen, even when the bitumen types share the same source. These findings underscore the significance of considering multiple factors when assessing bitumen's foam characteristics, particularly when evaluating materials from diverse sources.KEYWORDS: Foamed bitumenfoam characteristicsphysical properties of bitumenchemical compositions of bitumenbitumen sourcecorrelation analysis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268713
Onur Ozturk, Nilufer Ozyurt
AbstractThe large scatter of concrete fatigue test results, commonly associated with the variation in concrete strength measurements, is an issue for performance measurements and design. In this study, considering the decreased variations reported for the monotonic Double Punch Test (DPT) in the literature, an experimental study was conducted to see whether DPT can be used to reduce the variation in concrete fatigue tests. For this, monotonic and cyclic 4-point bending test(4PBT)s, as well as DPTs were conducted, and the variations of the test results were compared by doing statistical analyses. The novelty of this study is the employment of DPT to measure the fatigue performance of concrete. Based on the results, cyclic DPT was found to be a promising technique for fatigue performance measurements with its decreased variation compared to the cyclic bending test. The authors believe that the presented paper will be beneficial for the following studies focused on the cyclic loading performance of concrete.KEYWORDS: concretefatiguecyclic loadingdouble punch testbending testvariation AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to Akcansa Cement Industry and Trade Inc., Bogazici Concrete Industry Trade Inc. and SIKA Construction Chemicals Inc. for material supply. The first author would also like to acknowledge the financial support given by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) during his Ph.D. study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Cyclic double punch test as a novel approach to reduce variation in concrete fatigue test results","authors":"Onur Ozturk, Nilufer Ozyurt","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268713","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe large scatter of concrete fatigue test results, commonly associated with the variation in concrete strength measurements, is an issue for performance measurements and design. In this study, considering the decreased variations reported for the monotonic Double Punch Test (DPT) in the literature, an experimental study was conducted to see whether DPT can be used to reduce the variation in concrete fatigue tests. For this, monotonic and cyclic 4-point bending test(4PBT)s, as well as DPTs were conducted, and the variations of the test results were compared by doing statistical analyses. The novelty of this study is the employment of DPT to measure the fatigue performance of concrete. Based on the results, cyclic DPT was found to be a promising technique for fatigue performance measurements with its decreased variation compared to the cyclic bending test. The authors believe that the presented paper will be beneficial for the following studies focused on the cyclic loading performance of concrete.KEYWORDS: concretefatiguecyclic loadingdouble punch testbending testvariation AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to Akcansa Cement Industry and Trade Inc., Bogazici Concrete Industry Trade Inc. and SIKA Construction Chemicals Inc. for material supply. The first author would also like to acknowledge the financial support given by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) during his Ph.D. study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268742
Samir Saurav, Sanjeev Sinha
AbstractDue to the depletion of supplies for high-quality aggregates, it has become necessary to incorporate marginally soft materials like moorum in pavement structural layers. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical characteristics of cementitiously stabilised moorum materials (CSMM), which would be relevant during the mechanistic design of pavements. The tests includes the unconfined compressive strength, california bearing ratio in a soaked state, flexural strength, indirect tensile strength, durability and shrinkage behaviour through a comprehensive laboratory investigation procedure. In this investigation, the collected moorum sample was from Bihar, the eastern state of India. Relationships between various mechanical characteristics have been developed for pavement analyses. The properties are achieved as per standards to study the behaviour of the pavement structures. Based on the research findings, the effectiveness of the strength and shrinkage characteristics in determining the acceptability of CSMM as a road base and subbase applications have been discussed.KEYWORDS: Mechanistic designIDTMORautogenous shrinkageultimate drying shrinkage Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Mechanical characterisation of cementitiously stabilised moorum for use as structural layers in paving road construction","authors":"Samir Saurav, Sanjeev Sinha","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268742","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDue to the depletion of supplies for high-quality aggregates, it has become necessary to incorporate marginally soft materials like moorum in pavement structural layers. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical characteristics of cementitiously stabilised moorum materials (CSMM), which would be relevant during the mechanistic design of pavements. The tests includes the unconfined compressive strength, california bearing ratio in a soaked state, flexural strength, indirect tensile strength, durability and shrinkage behaviour through a comprehensive laboratory investigation procedure. In this investigation, the collected moorum sample was from Bihar, the eastern state of India. Relationships between various mechanical characteristics have been developed for pavement analyses. The properties are achieved as per standards to study the behaviour of the pavement structures. Based on the research findings, the effectiveness of the strength and shrinkage characteristics in determining the acceptability of CSMM as a road base and subbase applications have been discussed.KEYWORDS: Mechanistic designIDTMORautogenous shrinkageultimate drying shrinkage Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268721
Mayank Sukhija, Nikhil Saboo, Agnivesh Pani
AbstractStudying the effects of material variability on the performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) is important to understand the benefits of reduced production temperatures. This study compares the performance of five different WMA mixtures prepared with two varying base binders and two different aggregate sources. The rutting, fatigue, and moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures were evaluated using cyclic compression test, indirect tensile cracking test, and modified Lottman test, respectively. Additionally, a theoretical analysis was used to compare the energy consumption during the production process. The results indicated that the performance of WMA is a function of the type of the base binder, aggregate source, and the type of WMA technology. Nonetheless, all the WMA mixtures contributed to higher energy savings in comparison to hot mix asphalt (HMA). Based on the ranking framework used in this study, the use of Rediset is recommended to achieve adequate performance and lower energy consumption.KEYWORDS: Warm mix asphaltEnergy consumptionProduction temperaturesRuttingFatigue crackingMoisture sensitivity Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Suitability of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies based on performance and energy consumption","authors":"Mayank Sukhija, Nikhil Saboo, Agnivesh Pani","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268721","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractStudying the effects of material variability on the performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) is important to understand the benefits of reduced production temperatures. This study compares the performance of five different WMA mixtures prepared with two varying base binders and two different aggregate sources. The rutting, fatigue, and moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures were evaluated using cyclic compression test, indirect tensile cracking test, and modified Lottman test, respectively. Additionally, a theoretical analysis was used to compare the energy consumption during the production process. The results indicated that the performance of WMA is a function of the type of the base binder, aggregate source, and the type of WMA technology. Nonetheless, all the WMA mixtures contributed to higher energy savings in comparison to hot mix asphalt (HMA). Based on the ranking framework used in this study, the use of Rediset is recommended to achieve adequate performance and lower energy consumption.KEYWORDS: Warm mix asphaltEnergy consumptionProduction temperaturesRuttingFatigue crackingMoisture sensitivity Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268723
Emerson Cordeiro Lopes, Taciano Oliveira da Silva, Heraldo Nunes Pitanga, Leonardo Gonçalves Pedroti, José Maria Franco de Carvalho, Gustavo Henrique Nalon, Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araújo, Klaus Henrique de Paula Rodrigues
AbstractThe combined use of electric arc furnace slag fines (EAFSF) and ladle furnace slag fines (LFSF) for soil stabilisation was not evaluated in previous works. Previous studies reported limited information on the microscale behaviour of steel slag materials used in soil stabilisation. This work evaluated synergistic effects provided by the combination of EAFSF and LFSF on the stabilisation of clayey and sandy soils. It provided a detailed microscale analysis of raw materials and slag-soil mixes with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and derivative thermogravimetry. Their compaction behaviour, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), CBR index, swelling, and resilient modulus were also determined. Filler effects, cementitious, pozzolanic, and ion-exchange reactions were discussed. A positive synergistic behaviour was observed when combining 10% LFSF and 5% EAFSF (by soil weight), which provided a structural arrangement that provided increases in UCS and CBR up to 651% and 1500%, respectivelyKEYWORDS: Road constructionsoil stabilisationtropical soilselectric arc furnace slagladle furnace slagmicrostructural investigation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. The authors also acknowledge the support provided by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), the Physics Department and the Civil Engineering Department of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa.
{"title":"Chemical, mineralogical, microstructural and engineering properties of tropical soils stabilised with the combined and individual use of different types of steel slag","authors":"Emerson Cordeiro Lopes, Taciano Oliveira da Silva, Heraldo Nunes Pitanga, Leonardo Gonçalves Pedroti, José Maria Franco de Carvalho, Gustavo Henrique Nalon, Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araújo, Klaus Henrique de Paula Rodrigues","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268723","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe combined use of electric arc furnace slag fines (EAFSF) and ladle furnace slag fines (LFSF) for soil stabilisation was not evaluated in previous works. Previous studies reported limited information on the microscale behaviour of steel slag materials used in soil stabilisation. This work evaluated synergistic effects provided by the combination of EAFSF and LFSF on the stabilisation of clayey and sandy soils. It provided a detailed microscale analysis of raw materials and slag-soil mixes with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and derivative thermogravimetry. Their compaction behaviour, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), CBR index, swelling, and resilient modulus were also determined. Filler effects, cementitious, pozzolanic, and ion-exchange reactions were discussed. A positive synergistic behaviour was observed when combining 10% LFSF and 5% EAFSF (by soil weight), which provided a structural arrangement that provided increases in UCS and CBR up to 651% and 1500%, respectivelyKEYWORDS: Road constructionsoil stabilisationtropical soilselectric arc furnace slagladle furnace slagmicrostructural investigation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. The authors also acknowledge the support provided by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), the Physics Department and the Civil Engineering Department of the Universidade Federal de Vicosa.","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2023.2268189
Magdalena Wojnowska-Heciak, Jakub Heciak, Adam Kłak
AbstractThe paper looks at a novel structural solution to sidewalks. The proposed system consists of a box element as a substructure and a concrete slab with openings for rainwater infiltration. Such a design will make the sidewalk comfortable for pedestrians with motor impairments, friendly for urban tree root systems and durable. The article provides stress and strain calculations for the variants of the new design. We used the finite element method for the analysis. The results confirm that the proposed variants meet the assumed strength criteria and can therefore be used in the next research steps, that is, permeability tests, rain-water retention simulations, laboratory testing.Highlights Concrete paving slab with environmental approach.Concrete paving slab for people with motor disabilities.The first study implementing FEM method supported by the Barcelona model to analyse stresses and strains in sidewalk pavement.KEYWORDS: Concrete paving slabpermeable concretepedestrians with motor disabilitiesurban treesstress–strain data Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Narodowe Centrum Badań„ i Rozwoju [grant number Rzeczy są … dla ludzi/0052/2020-00 entitled Pavepro].
摘要:本文研究了一种新的人行道结构解决方案。提议的系统由一个作为下层结构的盒子元素和一个带有雨水渗透开口的混凝土板组成。这样的设计将使人行道对运动障碍的行人舒适，对城市树根系统友好，并且耐用。本文提供了新设计的各种变体的应力和应变计算。我们采用有限元法进行分析。结果证实，所提出的变体符合假定的强度标准，因此可以用于下一步的研究步骤，即渗透性测试，雨水保持模拟和实验室测试。突出混凝土铺路板的环保方法。为运动障碍人士而设的混凝土铺路板。首次采用巴塞罗那模型支持的有限元方法对人行道路面进行应力应变分析。关键词:混凝土铺装板透水混凝土运动障碍行人城市树木应力应变数据披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究得到了Narodowe Centrum badawa“i Rozwoju”的支持[资助号:Rzeczy stoy…dla ludzi/0052/2020-00标题:Pavepro]。
{"title":"Load bearing capacity analysis of concrete sidewalk system designed to ensure comfort of walking for people with a motor disability","authors":"Magdalena Wojnowska-Heciak, Jakub Heciak, Adam Kłak","doi":"10.1080/14680629.2023.2268189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2023.2268189","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe paper looks at a novel structural solution to sidewalks. The proposed system consists of a box element as a substructure and a concrete slab with openings for rainwater infiltration. Such a design will make the sidewalk comfortable for pedestrians with motor impairments, friendly for urban tree root systems and durable. The article provides stress and strain calculations for the variants of the new design. We used the finite element method for the analysis. The results confirm that the proposed variants meet the assumed strength criteria and can therefore be used in the next research steps, that is, permeability tests, rain-water retention simulations, laboratory testing.Highlights Concrete paving slab with environmental approach.Concrete paving slab for people with motor disabilities.The first study implementing FEM method supported by the Barcelona model to analyse stresses and strains in sidewalk pavement.KEYWORDS: Concrete paving slabpermeable concretepedestrians with motor disabilitiesurban treesstress–strain data Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Narodowe Centrum Badań„ i Rozwoju [grant number Rzeczy są … dla ludzi/0052/2020-00 entitled Pavepro].","PeriodicalId":21475,"journal":{"name":"Road Materials and Pavement Design","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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