Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren最新文献

The rising demand for radiology services calls for innovative solutions to sustain diagnostic quality and efficiency. This study evaluated the diagnostic agreement between two commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) chest X-ray systems and human radiologists during routine clinical practice.We retrospectively analyzed 279 chest X-rays (204 standing, 63 supine, 12 sitting) from a Swiss university hospital. Seven thoracic pathologies - cardiomegaly, consolidation, mediastinal mass, nodule, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and pulmonary oedema - were assessed. Radiologists' routine reports were compared against Rayvolve (AZmed) and ChestView (Gleamer, both from Paris, France). A Python code, provided as open access supplement, calculated performance metrics, agreement measures, and effect size quantification.Agreement between radiologists and AI ranged from moderate to almost perfect: Human-AZmed (Gwet's AC1: 0.47-0.72, moderate to substantial), and Human-Gleamer (Gwet's AC1: 0.56-0.96, moderate to almost perfect). Balanced accuracies ranged from 0.67-0.85 for Human-AZmed and 0.71-0.85 for Human-Gleamer, with peak performance for pleural effusion (0.85 both systems). Specificity consistently exceeded sensitivity across pathologies (0.70-0.98 vs 0.45-0.85). Common findings showed strong performance, pleural effusion (MCC 0.70-0.73), cardiomegaly (MCC 0.51), and consolidation (MCC 0.45-0.46). Rare pathologies demonstrated lower agreement, mediastinal mass, and nodules (MCC 0.23-0.31). Standing radiographs yielded superior agreement compared to supine studies. The two AI systems showed substantial inter-system agreement for consolidation and pleural effusion (balanced accuracy 0.81-0.84).Both commercial AI chest X-ray systems demonstrated comparable performance to human radiologists for common thoracic pathologies, with no meaningful differences between platforms. Performance was strongest for standing radiographs but declined for rare findings and supine studies. Position-dependent variability and reduced sensitivity for uncommon pathologies underscore the continued need for human oversight in clinical practice. · AI systems matched radiologists for common chest X-ray findings.. · Standing radiographs achieved the highest diagnostic agreement.. · Rare pathologies showed weaker AI-human agreement.. · Supine studies reduced diagnostic performance.. · Human oversight remains essential in clinical practice.. · Bosbach WA, Schoeni L, Senge JF et al. Novel Artificial Intelligence Chest X-ray Diagnostics: A Quality Assessment of Their Agreement with Human Doctors in Clinical Routine. Rofo 2025; DOI 10.1055/a-2778-3892.

It is becoming increasingly common for multimodal radiological imaging to use contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) because of its high-resolution ultrasound techniques. CEUS has several advantages. It can be used repeatedly without affecting renal function or the thyroid gland. It is also considered to be highly accurate with regard to the diagnosis and detection of small solid liver lesions. In addition, it can be used to characterize solid lesions in other abdominal organs. With additional perfusion imaging and its (semi)quantitative analysis using wash-in and wash-out kinetics, therapies can be monitored. It is also frequently used in the assessment of solid tumors in the near field, such as thyroid tumors and lymph nodes. Super-resolution CEUS (SR-CEUS) is a novel imaging method with dynamic evaluation of microflow changes to the level of capillary structures. SR-CEUS could also open up new possibilities regarding the dynamic assessment of the micro-vascularization of solid abdominal organs and interventional procedures. CITATION FORMAT: ▪ Jung EM, Weber M, Jung F. Super-resolution contrast-enhanced ultrasound (SR-CEUS) in solid organs. Rofo 2025; DOI 10.1055/a-2754-0219.

The intrinsic muscles of the hand (IMH) include the thenar muscles, hypothenar muscles, lumbrical muscles, dorsal interosseous muscles (DIOM), and ventral interosseous muscles (VIOM). The thenar muscles consist of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB), opponens pollicis (OPP), flexor pollicis brevis (FPB), and adductor pollicis (ADP). The hypothenar muscles comprise the abductor digiti minimi (ADM), flexor digiti minimi (FDM), and opponens digiti minimi (ODM). Numerous anatomical variants of the IMH exist - including the accessory abductor digiti minimi (aADM), adductor hypothenar muscle, extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM), lumbrical muscle (LM) variants, and accessory flexor digitorum superficialis of the index finger. Although these variants are common, they can cause symptoms, especially in nerve compression syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) from median nerve (MN) compression or Guyon's canal syndrome from ulnar nerve (UN) compression. Knowledge of these variants and their imaging characteristics facilitates understanding of related pathologies and contributes to improved therapeutic management. These muscle variants are diagnosed using high-resolution ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).This review provides a comprehensive overview of the normal anatomy of the IMH, their anatomical variants, and their imaging features. High-resolution US is the primary modality for studying the IMH, while high-field 3T MRI offers excellent spatial resolution and contrast.Understanding the anatomy and anatomical variants of the IMH is essential for accurately assessing both normal and pathological conditions using US and MRI. · Variants of the intrinsic hand muscles can be reliably diagnosed by ultrasound and high-resolution MRI.. · Accessory abductor digiti minimi (aADM) may cause compression of the ulnar nerve within the Guyon's canal.. · Extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) can mimic a dorsal pseudotumoral soft-tissue mass.. · Variants of the lumbrical muscles may compress the median nerve within the carpal tunnel.. · Accessory flexor digitorum superficialis indicis can simulate a tumor or cause carpal tunnel syndrome.. · Bouredoucen H, Boudabbous S, Poletti P et al. Imaging of the intrinsic muscles of the hand - part I: high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI appearance of symptomatic anatomical variants. Rofo 2025; DOI 10.1055/a-2761-4259.

There are numerous pathologies of the intrinsic muscles of the hand (IMH). Muscle denervation syndromes of the hand are common in pathologies of the median nerve (MN) and ulnar nerve (UN). They occur following carpal tunnel syndrome, Guyon's canal syndrome, traumatic, tumoral, inflammatory, or proximal nerve lesions due to upper cervical radiculopathy, or brachial plexus lesions. Myositis of the IMH occurs in various contexts. Traumatic muscle injuries of the hand are rare. Some are characteristic, such as lesions of the third interosseous muscle (IOM) or lesions of the lumbrical muscles (LM) in climbers. Saddle syndrome is due to adhesions of the lumbrical-interosseous intermuscular junctions. It is very often overlooked. In rheumatoid arthritis, tendon tenosynovitis of the IOM is frequently encountered. Enhancement of the LM may be an early imaging marker of the disease. Multiple tumor or pseudotumoral masses can develop within or around IMH. All of these pathologies can be accurately assessed using high-resolution dynamic ultrasound (US) and high-field 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).This educational review presents the aspects of the various IMH pathologies on high-resolution US and high-field 3T MRI.There are numerous IMH pathologies. A radiologist's knowledge and assessment of these various pathologies allows clinicians and surgeons to make an early and accurate diagnosis and choose the most appropriate treatment. · High-resolution US and high-field 3T MRI allow for a precise assessment of various intrinsic hand muscle pathologies.. · Hand muscle denervation syndromes are common in median and ulnar nerve pathologies.. · Myositis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand occurs in a variety of settings.. · In rheumatoid arthritis, tenosynovitis of the intrinsic hand muscles is common, and enhancement of the lumbrical muscles may represent an early imaging marker.. · MRI facilitates early detection of saddle syndrome.. · Bouredoucen H, Boudabbous S, Poletti P et al. Imaging of the intrinsic muscles of the hand - Part II: Pathological aspects on high-resolution ultrasound and 3 T MRI. Rofo 2025; DOI 10.1055/a-2735-2780.