Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren最新文献

Osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint (TMCJ) is a common cause of pain and functional impairment. Accurate preoperative assessment and postoperative follow-up are essential to optimize surgical outcomes. This review examines the role and comparative advantages of different imaging modalities - radiography, ultrasound, cone-beam computed tomography/computed tomography (CBCT/CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - in the preoperative evaluation and postoperative monitoring of TMC osteoarthritis and related surgical procedures, including arthroplasty, ligament reconstruction, and arthrodesis.This narrative review is based on institutional experience, current literature, and clinical workflow applied to pre- and postoperative imaging of the TMCJ. It emphasizes the indications, limitations, and specific applications of each imaging modality.Standard radiographs remain the first-line imaging tool for diagnosis and surgical planning. Ultrasound is particularly useful for early, infra-radiographic lesions, dynamic assessment, and soft-tissue evaluation. CBCT/CT provides high-resolution 3D imaging of osseous structures, especially for preoperative planning and postoperative assessment of fusion or implant positioning. MRI offers detailed evaluation of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and synovial structures, with limitations in the presence of metallic implants. Dynamic imaging, including 4D-CT, shows promise for analyzing joint kinematics and instability. Postoperative complications such as pseudarthrosis, implant loosening, tendon injury, and secondary arthrosis can be effectively monitored using these modalities. Overall, multimodal imaging is critical for comprehensive management of TMC osteoarthritis; combining radiography, ultrasound, CBCT/CT, and MRI tailored to the clinical scenario enhances diagnostic accuracy, guides surgical planning, and enables effective postoperative monitoring. · Radiographs remain the first-line imaging tool for diagnosis and surgical planning.. · CBCT and CT provide high-resolution 3D evaluation of bony anatomy and implants.. · Ultrasound enables dynamic assessment of ligaments, tendons, and soft tissue complications.. · MRI offers superior soft tissue and cartilage visualization but may be limited by metallic implants.. · Postoperative imaging is essential to detect complications, including pseudarthrosis, malunion, and prosthetic loosening.. · Bouredoucen H. Imaging of Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: Preoperative Assessment and Postoperative Evaluation. Rofo 2026; 10.1055/a-2808-4634.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hypertrophy induction by portal vein embolization (PVE) using polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA) and iodinated oil.Hypertrophy induction after portal vein embolization with PVA particles and iodinated oil was analyzed in 103 patients between August 2009 and June 2023. Technical success, hypertrophy success, and complication rate were evaluated and compared to other common procedures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest single-center study conducted with special regard to this combined embolization technique.Overall, a technical success of 99% (n = 102 patients) could be achieved. Following portal vein embolization using PVA particles and iodinated oil, hypertrophy was attained with a hypertrophy success of 99% as well. The determined pre-interventional standardized future liver remnant (sFLR) was 21% and the post-interventional sFLR 29.8%. Within an interval of 31 d, a degree of hypertrophy (DH) of 7.3% and a KGR of 0.22%/d (approximately 1.51%/week) were achieved. Complications in the context of portal vein embolization occurred within 16.5% (n = 17) of all patients. Nine patients were affected by minor complications. Major complications were documented in eight patients. Mortality directly related to portal vein embolization was 0%.Embolization using PVA particles and iodinated oil is a safe and promising method for inducing hypertrophy in locally advanced liver disease. · PVE with PVA particles and iodinated oil is a viable procedure.. · Significant hypertrophy is achieved with this method.. · The procedure mentioned here has a low periinterventional complication rate.. · Findings are supported by a large single-center study.. · Schlei J, Westphale S, Thurner A et al. Efficacy and Safety of Hypertrophy Induction by Portal Vein Embolization with PVA Particles and Iodinated Oil: A Single Center Study with 103 Patients. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2781-8813.

Cystic lung lesions and diseases represent a wide range of entities that are challenging for radiologists to diagnose. This difficulty arises from ambiguous terminology, similar imaging appearances, and the frequent coexistence of multiple disease entitiesTo describe a comprehensive, step-wise algorithm enabling radiologists to accurately describe cystic lung lesions and support the correct diagnosis of diseases presenting with lung cysts or cyst-like findings.A refined diagnostic algorithm is proposed based on the authors' clinical experience and a comprehensive literature search (PubMed).Our recommended approach to cystic lung lesions guides radiologists through three key steps: (1) Confirmation whether a lesion meets the definition of a true pulmonary cyst (thin-walled ≤ 2mm, well-circumscribed, air-containing structure) and distinguishing true cysts from mimicking lesions; (2) Evaluation of possible etiologies: congenital, inflammatory, senescent, neoplastic, diffuse cystic lung diseases; and (3) Identification of diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) including lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, light-chain deposition disease, and neurofibromatosis type 1, using key CT features and associated thoracic and extra-thoracic findings.Radiologists should be familiar with cystic lung lesions and their common mimics to ensure accurate classification. The spectrum of cases is broad, ranging from congenital, to age-related and neoplastic as well as diffuse cystic lung diseases. A clear and step-wise approach assists radiologists in addressing cystic lung lesions and DCLDs and thus improves clinical decision-making and patient management. · Differentiation between true lung cysts and mimicking lesions.. · Assessment of a broad spectrum of etiologies of cystic lung lesions.. · Diagnosis of diffuse cystic lung diseases.. · Radiologists should be familiar with the terminology of cystic lung lesions to reduce ambiguity in reports, thereby improving communication with clinicians.. · Following a step-wise structured approach to cystic lung lesions and their mimics can contribute to safer radiological diagnoses.. · Recognizing specific radiologic patterns in cystic lung diseases facilitates diagnosis and, when necessary, timely referral for multidisciplinary evaluation.. · Martin Mens A, Andreisek G, Müller MA. Cystic lung diseases in the daily routine: a comprehensive step-wise algorithm for the radiological diagnosis of cystic lung lesions and diffuse cystic lung diseases. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2804-9147.

Imaging during pregnancy presents unique challenges. Computed tomography (CT) is generally avoided due to fetal radiation exposure, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be limited by concerns regarding gadolinium-based contrast agents. As a result, ultrasound (US) remains the primary imaging tool during pregnancy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) expands the diagnostic capabilities of conventional US by providing real-time vascular information comparable to contrast-enhanced CT or MRI. Importantly, microbubble contrast agents used in CEUS do not cross the placenta and have shown no fetal harm in clinical studies. Nevertheless, CEUS remains an off-label technique during pregnancy, underscoring the need for a comprehensive review of the available literature to assess its safety and clinical applications during pregnancy.This review summarizes the current evidence up to 2025 on the use of CEUS in pregnancy and highlights its clinical value with respect to evaluating acute and chronic maternal conditions - including oncologic, vascular, infectious, inflammatory, and other organ-specific pathologies - illustrated through representative case examples. Clinical studies, case reports, and international guidelines were analyzed with a focus on safety and diagnostic performance.Although still off-label, CEUS demonstrates an excellent safety profile and high diagnostic utility when clinically indicated in pregnancy. No maternal, fetal, or neonatal adverse effects have been reported, and no placental transfer of microbubbles has been demonstrated. CEUS enables high-resolution assessment of abdominal organs, vascular pathologies, and inflammatory or infectious changes, reducing the need for ionizing or gadolinium-based imaging. It represents a safe, effective, and radiation-free diagnostic alternative when conventional imaging is limited. · CEUS expands diagnostic ultrasound without radiation exposure.. · CEUS is a safe alternative to CT or MRI.. · Microbubbles remain intravascular and do not cross the placenta.. · No maternal, fetal, or neonatal adverse effects reported.. · Case examples illustrate safety and diagnostic value.. · Begaj K, Sperr AG, Clevert DA. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2784-9759.

The number of stem cell transplants for hematologic malignancies has doubled since 2000 and continues to rise. Acute complications within the first 100 days post-transplant are linked to high morbidity and mortality of up to 30%. Since all organ systems can be affected and symptoms may be subtle, imaging plays a central role in early detection and monitoring of these complications. In response to increasing transplant numbers, expanding indications, and rapid therapeutic advances, the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) revised its handbook in 2024. Most existing reviews on imaging acute complications post-transplant are five to ten years old. This article aims to provide an updated overview for radiologists increasingly confronted with acute complications after stem cell transplantation.The structure of this systematic review follows the updated EBMT Handbook. A systematic search was conducted in the PUBMED database to identify original studies on imaging of acute post-transplant complications from the past five years. A supplementary selective search helped to integrate the findings into the EBMT-handbook-aligned framework. A total of 29 original studies published in the last five years were included, providing new insights into imaging of acute complications post-HSCT.This review offers a concise overview of typical acute organ-specific complications following stem cell transplantation and highlights recent advances in imaging. · Acute complications after stem cell transplantation are still associated with high mortality.. · Imaging is essential for early diagnosis and management.. · This review presents an updated, guideline-based overview of typical acute post-transplant complications.. · Brandt J, Helfen A. Acute complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantations - a radiological perspective. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2787-4646.

Brain tumors, especially glioblastomas, remain among the tumor diseases with the worst prognosis. Recent findings in brain tumor research show that neuronal and glial integration of tumors, as well as the formation of glioma cell networks, promote tumor progression and therapy resistance. This highlights the need for innovative imaging techniques that conceptualize brain tumors as systemic central nervous system (CNS) diseases that are deeply integrated in the brain's network architecture.This review presents current imaging methods for analyzing tumor-associated functional and structural connectivity with a focus on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Functional connectivity changes in glioma patients can be detected and quantified using fMRI. These changes are associated with tumor biology, as well as prognosis and cognitive performance. Rs-fMRI parameters may support prognostic assessment and the development of new therapeutic strategies. Quantitative structural connectivity analysis at the individual patient level can provide further insight into tumor integration in the brain's connectional architecture. DTI-based tractography is especially relevant in neurosurgical planning, as it maps the spatial relationship between the tumor and white matter tracts.Imaging analysis of tumor-associated network alterations provides deeper insight into brain tumor biology and may support the development of network-targeted therapeutic approaches. Connectivity-based imaging methods, particularly rs-fMRI and DTI, hold great potential to further enhance preoperative planning, prognostic assessment, and personalized treatment strategies for patients with brain tumors. · Glioma cells form networks beyond macroscopic tumor boundaries and promote therapy resistance.. · Glioma cells form synapses with neurons and exploit neural signals for growth.. · Network alterations can be visualized and quantified using rs-fMRI and DTI.. · Tumor-associated network alterations in imaging correlate with tumor biology and prognosis.. · Imaging markers optimize patient management and support development of new therapeutic strategies.. · Suvak S, Wunderlich S, Stoecklein V et al. Imaging of Brain Tumor Connectivity. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2779-7718.