Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren最新文献

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hemato-oncological malignancy, characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells and bone marrow infiltration. The degree of bone marrow infiltration, which is crucial for diagnosis and treatment initiation, is determined through biopsy. While MRI and CT are considered standard imaging methods for detecting focal lesions and osteolytic changes, CT has limitations, particularly in detecting diffuse infiltration patterns without osteolysis. Spectral CT techniques offer a promising alternative for assessing bone marrow infiltration through material decomposition.A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for relevant keywords in articles published between 01/2010 and 12/2024. Original studies evaluating spectral CT techniques for the assessment of MM bone marrow infiltration were included. Articles with a different focus, such as fracture detection, were excluded. A qualitative synthesis of the study results was performed.Spectral CT techniques improve the differentiation between healthy and infiltrated bone marrow. Particularly, the commonly applied virtual calcium suppression showed good sensitivity and specificity compared to histology, serology, or MRI. Spectral CT also shows potential for distinguishing different bone marrow infiltration patterns, assessing disease activity, and evaluating treatment response. Limitations included reduced sensitivity for detecting moderate infiltration within red bone marrow and small cohort sizes. Multicenter analyses are required to compare different device manufacturers, evaluate the utility of spectral CT biomarkers, the potential of currently less intensively studied material density maps and radiomics features, as well as, of photon-counting CT. · Spectral CT techniques can detect bone marrow infiltration in MM and allow for differentiation of infiltration patterns in CT imaging.. · Spectral CT parameters appear to have potential as biomarkers for tumor activity and treatment response.. · Melzer YF, Erley J, Ristow I et al. Value of Spectral CT Techniques for the Assessment of Bone Marrow Infiltration in Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review. Rofo 2026; 198: 36-54.

Large language models (LLMs) hold great promise for optimizing and supporting radiology workflows amidst rising workloads. This review examines potential applications in daily radiology practice, as well as remaining challenges and potential solutions.Presentation of potential applications and challenges, illustrated with practical examples and concrete optimization suggestions.LLM-based assistance systems have potential applications in almost all language-based process steps of the radiological workflow. Significant progress has been made in areas such as report generation, particularly with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and multi-step reasoning approaches. However, challenges related to hallucinations, reproducibility, and data protection, as well as ethical concerns, need to be addressed before widespread implementation.LLMs have immense potential in radiology, particularly for supporting language-based process steps, with technological advances such as RAG and cloud-based approaches potentially accelerating clinical implementation. · LLMs can optimize reporting and other language-based processes in radiology with technologies such as RAG and multi-step reasoning approaches.. · Challenges such as hallucinations, reproducibility, privacy, and ethical concerns must be addressed before widespread adoption.. · RAG and cloud-based approaches could help overcome these challenges and advance the clinical implementation of LLMs.. · Fink A, Rau S, Kästingschäfer K et al. From Referral to Reporting: The Potential of Large Language Models in the Radiological Workflow. Rofo 2026; 198: 55-63.