Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.371
A. M. Abdullahi, K. D. Malgwi, E. T. Onyiche, K. Bukar, M. Kassu, S. Muhammad, N. Daniel
TTrypanosoma evansi, is one among several species of Trypanosomes responsible for a major protozoan parasitic disease of domestic animals. The current study aimed to investigate the trypanocidal effects of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Balanites aegyptiacaDel (Zygophyllaceae) and suramin on albino rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. In total, 35 Swiss albino rats randomly separated into seven (7) groups (A- G) of 5 rats each were intraperitoneally infected with 0.5 ml of blood containing 1.0 × 106trypanosomes and treated with the extracts and suramin for 7 days and single dose respectively by day 12 post infection (p.i). Clinical parameters and haematological indices were evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that Balanitesaegyptiaca contained the following metabolites: flavonoids, tannin, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and volatile oils. There was marked initial reduction in Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Red Blood Cells (RBCs) counts in the infected/untreated group (Group A) but following treatment with B. aegyptiaca leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts, these values were reversed. Furthermore, there was reversion of leukopenia after treatment of the rats individually with methanolic leaf extracts (150 mg/kg of B. aegyptiaca; Group B) from 3.47±1.49 × 103/mm3 by day 12 p.i. to 9.03±2.18 by day 40 p.i., similar to the pre-infection value. In conclusion, the infection caused clinical and haematological changes that were ameliorated following treatment with methanolic and aqueous leaf extract of B. aegyptiaca
{"title":"Trypanocidal effects of Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae) Leaf Extract and Suramin on Trypanosoma evansi Experimental Infection in Albino rat","authors":"A. M. Abdullahi, K. D. Malgwi, E. T. Onyiche, K. Bukar, M. Kassu, S. Muhammad, N. Daniel","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.371","url":null,"abstract":"TTrypanosoma evansi, is one among several species of Trypanosomes responsible for a major protozoan parasitic disease of domestic animals. The current study aimed to investigate the trypanocidal effects of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Balanites aegyptiacaDel (Zygophyllaceae) and suramin on albino rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. In total, 35 Swiss albino rats randomly separated into seven (7) groups (A- G) of 5 rats each were intraperitoneally infected with 0.5 ml of blood containing 1.0 × 106trypanosomes and treated with the extracts and suramin for 7 days and single dose respectively by day 12 post infection (p.i). Clinical parameters and haematological indices were evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that Balanitesaegyptiaca contained the following metabolites: flavonoids, tannin, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and volatile oils. There was marked initial reduction in Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Red Blood Cells (RBCs) counts in the infected/untreated group (Group A) but following treatment with B. aegyptiaca leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts, these values were reversed. Furthermore, there was reversion of leukopenia after treatment of the rats individually with methanolic leaf extracts (150 mg/kg of B. aegyptiaca; Group B) from 3.47±1.49 × 103/mm3 by day 12 p.i. to 9.03±2.18 by day 40 p.i., similar to the pre-infection value. In conclusion, the infection caused clinical and haematological changes that were ameliorated following treatment with methanolic and aqueous leaf extract of B. aegyptiaca","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73385933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.313
M. Ememe, R. E. Edeh
Exertional Rhabdomyolysis is an imbalance between the animal's diet and its workload, especially when on a high-grain diet. An 11-year-old Argentine mare weighing 360 Kg was presented with a complaint of pyrexia, anorexia, pointed stance and stiff gait, reluctance to move and trembling when compelled to walk. On physical examination, body condition score of 2.5/5, excessive sweating, stiff hind quarters, and reluctance to move were observed. On clinical examination, the animal showed tachypnea, congested ocular mucous membrane and a temperature of 38.9oC. Blood sample was taken for complete blood cell count and biochemical test. The result of haematological test was within normal range while the biochemical test revealed hypoglycemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia and hypokalemia. The levels of calcium, creatine kinase and bicarbonate were higher than the normal range. A diagnosis of azoturia was made based on history, clinical signs and laboratory test. The movement of the horse was restricted and it was treated with 0.6 mg/kg meloxicam daily for 5 days, 0.2mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 2 days, 12 ml of VitESe daily for 3 days and 60ml of Promin® daily for 3 days. The horse was given gentle walking exercise and low carbohydrate diet during the treatment period and normal function of the horse gradually returned 4 weeks after presentation. It was concluded that exertional rhabdomyolysis can be managed by administration of analgesic and anti-inflammatory, restricted carbohydrate diet and limited exercise until muscle function returns to normal.
劳力性横纹肌溶解是动物的饮食和负荷之间的不平衡，特别是在高谷物饮食时。一匹11岁阿根廷母马，体重360公斤，主诉发热、厌食症、站立不稳、步态僵硬、不愿移动、被迫行走时颤抖。体格检查，身体状况评分为2.5/5，多汗、后腿僵直、不愿移动。临床检查，动物呼吸急促，眼粘膜充血，体温38.9℃。取血进行全血细胞计数和生化检查。血液学检查结果正常，生化检查显示低血糖、低氯血症、低钠血症和低钾血症。钙、肌酸激酶和碳酸氢盐的水平高于正常范围。根据病史、临床症状和实验室检查，诊断为氮尿症。限制马的活动，给予每日0.6 mg/kg美洛昔康治疗5天，每日0.2mg/kg地塞米松治疗2天，每日12 ml VitESe治疗3天，每日60ml Promin®治疗3天。治疗期间给予轻度步行运动和低碳水化合物饮食，4周后马功能逐渐恢复正常。结论:肌力横纹肌溶解可通过镇痛抗炎、限制碳水化合物饮食和有限运动治疗，直至肌肉功能恢复正常。
{"title":"A Case of Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in an 11-year-old Argentine Mare ","authors":"M. Ememe, R. E. Edeh","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.313","url":null,"abstract":"Exertional Rhabdomyolysis is an imbalance between the animal's diet and its workload, especially when on a high-grain diet. An 11-year-old Argentine mare weighing 360 Kg was presented with a complaint of pyrexia, anorexia, pointed stance and stiff gait, reluctance to move and trembling when compelled to walk. On physical examination, body condition score of 2.5/5, excessive sweating, stiff hind quarters, and reluctance to move were observed. On clinical examination, the animal showed tachypnea, congested ocular mucous membrane and a temperature of 38.9oC. Blood sample was taken for complete blood cell count and biochemical test. The result of haematological test was within normal range while the biochemical test revealed hypoglycemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia and hypokalemia. The levels of calcium, creatine kinase and bicarbonate were higher than the normal range. A diagnosis of azoturia was made based on history, clinical signs and laboratory test. The movement of the horse was restricted and it was treated with 0.6 mg/kg meloxicam daily for 5 days, 0.2mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 2 days, 12 ml of VitESe daily for 3 days and 60ml of Promin® daily for 3 days. The horse was given gentle walking exercise and low carbohydrate diet during the treatment period and normal function of the horse gradually returned 4 weeks after presentation. It was concluded that exertional rhabdomyolysis can be managed by administration of analgesic and anti-inflammatory, restricted carbohydrate diet and limited exercise until muscle function returns to normal.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84379564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.259
H. B. Maidala, B. Habibu, H. Buhari, N. M. Ikira
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of haemoparasites in chickens (Gallus gallusdomesticus) slaughtered at the Samaru Live Bird market of Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 100 blood samples were collected from male and female chickensat the point of slaughter. The samples were collected in heparinized sample bottles and transported to the Veterinary Protozoology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria for analysis. Out of the 100 chickens sampled, 51% were males while the remaining 49% were females. Microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained thin blood smear revealed an overall prevalence of haemoparasites to be 81%. Forty-nine (49%) percent of these were plasmodium species, while 27%, 21% and 3% of the haemoparasites detected were Aegyptianella, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoonspecies respectively. With respect to sex, the prevalence was higher in cocks (55%) than in hens (45%).More studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence of haemoparasites of chickens in different seasons of the year with the view of providing information that will enhance productivity in the poultry industry. Microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained thin blood smear revealed an overall prevalence of haemoparasites to be 81%. Forty nine (49%) percent of this was plasmodium, while 27%, 21% and 3% of the haemoparasites detected were Aegyptianella, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species respectively. With respect to sex, prevalence was higher in cocks (55%) than in hens (45%). More studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence of haemoparasites of chickens in different seasons of the year with a view to providing information that will enhance a better productivity in the poultry industry.
{"title":"Prevalence of Haemoparasites in Chickens Slaughtered at a Live Bird Market in Samaru Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"H. B. Maidala, B. Habibu, H. Buhari, N. M. Ikira","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.259","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of haemoparasites in chickens (Gallus gallusdomesticus) slaughtered at the Samaru Live Bird market of Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 100 blood samples were collected from male and female chickensat the point of slaughter. The samples were collected in heparinized sample bottles and transported to the Veterinary Protozoology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria for analysis. Out of the 100 chickens sampled, 51% were males while the remaining 49% were females. Microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained thin blood smear revealed an overall prevalence of haemoparasites to be 81%. Forty-nine (49%) percent of these were plasmodium species, while 27%, 21% and 3% of the haemoparasites detected were Aegyptianella, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoonspecies respectively. With respect to sex, the prevalence was higher in cocks (55%) than in hens (45%).More studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence of haemoparasites of chickens in different seasons of the year with the view of providing information that will enhance productivity in the poultry industry. \u0000Microscopic examination of the Giemsa-stained thin blood smear revealed an overall prevalence of haemoparasites to be 81%. Forty nine (49%) percent of this was plasmodium, while 27%, 21% and 3% of the haemoparasites detected were Aegyptianella, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon species respectively. With respect to sex, prevalence was higher in cocks (55%) than in hens (45%). \u0000More studies are needed to evaluate the prevalence of haemoparasites of chickens in different seasons of the year with a view to providing information that will enhance a better productivity in the poultry industry.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90107717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.338
B. K. Elijah, E. T. Onyiche, C. Midala, J. Luka, A. A. Biu
Free-range birds are exposed to a diverse array of parasitic infections during scavenging. For an effective control, confirmation of their presence is important. The gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of chickens and guinea fowls slaughtered for human consumption in Maiduguri, Nigeria was surveyed. Of the 210 chickens and guinea fowl gastrointestinaltracts (GIT) examined, there were nematode ova in 41.9%. There were ova in 84.5% of the guinea fowl tracts examined while ova were found in only 25.7% of the local chickens (p<0.05). Guinea fowls were 15.8 times more likely to be infected than local chickens. Nematode ova identified were Ascaridia galli (84.1%), Subuluru brumpti (21.6%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.9%) and Strongyloides avium (1.1%). The prevalence of nematode ova was higher in female birds (48.6%) than male (34.9%). A total of 30.5% of the samples had adult cestodes. They were significantly more numerous (p<0.05) in local chickens (40.1%) than guinea fowls (5.2%). Raillietina specie were significantly more prevalent (p<0.05) than Hymenolepis and Choanotaenia. Male birds were 2.42 times more likely to be infected than females. Prevalence of adult nematodes was 37.6%, comprising of Ascaridia galli, Subulura brunpti and Heterakis gallinarum. Guinea fowls were 13.82 times more likely to be infected than local chickens. It was concludedthat guinea fowls were more likely to be infected with GI helminths than local chickens. Significantly more nematode (Ascaridia galli) ova and adult were found in female birds than male. While adult cestodes (Raillietina) were significantly more numerous in local chickens than guinea fowls with males twice more likely to be infected than females.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal Helminths of Local Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus) and Guinea Fowls (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) Slaughtered in Maiduguri, Nigeria","authors":"B. K. Elijah, E. T. Onyiche, C. Midala, J. Luka, A. A. Biu","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.338","url":null,"abstract":"Free-range birds are exposed to a diverse array of parasitic infections during scavenging. For an effective control, confirmation of their presence is important. The gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of chickens and guinea fowls slaughtered for human consumption in Maiduguri, Nigeria was surveyed. Of the 210 chickens and guinea fowl gastrointestinaltracts (GIT) examined, there were nematode ova in 41.9%. There were ova in 84.5% of the guinea fowl tracts examined while ova were found in only 25.7% of the local chickens (p<0.05). Guinea fowls were 15.8 times more likely to be infected than local chickens. Nematode ova identified were Ascaridia galli (84.1%), Subuluru brumpti (21.6%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.9%) and Strongyloides avium (1.1%). The prevalence of nematode ova was higher in female birds (48.6%) than male (34.9%). A total of 30.5% of the samples had adult cestodes. They were significantly more numerous (p<0.05) in local chickens (40.1%) than guinea fowls (5.2%). Raillietina specie were significantly more prevalent (p<0.05) than Hymenolepis and Choanotaenia. Male birds were 2.42 times more likely to be infected than females. Prevalence of adult nematodes was 37.6%, comprising of Ascaridia galli, Subulura brunpti and Heterakis gallinarum. Guinea fowls were 13.82 times more likely to be infected than local chickens. It was concludedthat guinea fowls were more likely to be infected with GI helminths than local chickens. Significantly more nematode (Ascaridia galli) ova and adult were found in female birds than male. While adult cestodes (Raillietina) were significantly more numerous in local chickens than guinea fowls with males twice more likely to be infected than females.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81434052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.342
A. M. Sheikh, E. T. Onyiche, S. Chul, H. Yunus, A. M. Aji
This study was conducted to investigate poultry farming and the impact of insurgency on poultry production in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 170 poultry farmers were randomly selected from the areas and a structured questionnaire was administered to each farmer through scheduled interviews. The results of this study showed that a larger percentage of poultry farmers were male (59.4%) and the majority of the respondents were educated (72.9%). A significant proportion of the respondents (p=0.037) were full-time farmers (38.8%), and the percentage of married people was 58.8%. The majority of respondents (57.1%) had between 0 and 5 years of experience in poultry farming with majority of farmers preferring the keeping of broiler chickens (52.9%). In addition, deep litter rearing (72.4%) was the most common production system. Before the insurgency, most of the flock size was in the range of 100-200 birds but during the Boko Haram insurgency they ranged from 50-59 birds signifying a decrease in the production output attributed in parts to disruption of economic activities due to the unrest. In conclusion, due to insurgency, in Maiduguri, poultry farming has been negatively affected resulting in decline in production. We therefore recommendthat the government, non-governmental organisations and wealthy individuals support farmers with financial resources to revive the poultry industry in the study area
{"title":"A Preliminary Study on Poultry Production and the Effects of Boko Haram Insurgency in Maiduguri","authors":"A. M. Sheikh, E. T. Onyiche, S. Chul, H. Yunus, A. M. Aji","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.342","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate poultry farming and the impact of insurgency on poultry production in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 170 poultry farmers were randomly selected from the areas and a structured questionnaire was administered to each farmer through scheduled interviews. The results of this study showed that a larger percentage of poultry farmers were male (59.4%) and the majority of the respondents were educated (72.9%). A significant proportion of the respondents (p=0.037) were full-time farmers (38.8%), and the percentage of married people was 58.8%. The majority of respondents (57.1%) had between 0 and 5 years of experience in poultry farming with majority of farmers preferring the keeping of broiler chickens (52.9%). In addition, deep litter rearing (72.4%) was the most common production system. Before the insurgency, most of the flock size was in the range of 100-200 birds but during the Boko Haram insurgency they ranged from 50-59 birds signifying a decrease in the production output attributed in parts to disruption of economic activities due to the unrest. In conclusion, due to insurgency, in Maiduguri, poultry farming has been negatively affected resulting in decline in production. We therefore recommendthat the government, non-governmental organisations and wealthy individuals support farmers with financial resources to revive the poultry industry in the study area","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76395825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.299
I. Girgiri, M. K. Malah, I. Nuhu
The present work was undertaken to study the gross morphological features of the sternum, pectoral girdle and wing bones of adult black-crowned crane. The bones were processed using standard techniques to highlight structural details. The sternum was triangular shaped, comprised of three borders and two surfaces. The dorsal border was slightly shallow medially having linearly arranged pneumatic foramina. The basal border was strongly convex and bears a prominent sternal crest. The cranial border was broad and transversely convex with shallow grooves on the lateral edges for articulation with the coracoid bones. There were seven pairs of ribs that articulated with corresponding sterno-costal bones. The shoulder girdle comprised of the blade-like scapula, coracoid, and the clavicles which fused proximally to form the foramen triosseum. The humerus was pneumatic tubular bone with flat expanded proximal ends and small rounded distal ends. The ulna and radius were of comparatively equal length, separated along their long axis by extended interosseous space. The carpus consisted of the ulnar carpal bone and radial carpal bone. Whereas, the carpo-metacarpal comprised of three primary bones that articulated distally with corresponding rays of digits.
{"title":"Morphology of the Sternum, Pectoral Girdle and Wing of West African Black-Crowned Crane (Balearica pavonina pavonina)","authors":"I. Girgiri, M. K. Malah, I. Nuhu","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i4.299","url":null,"abstract":"The present work was undertaken to study the gross morphological features of the sternum, pectoral girdle and wing bones of adult black-crowned crane. The bones were processed using standard techniques to highlight structural details. The sternum was triangular shaped, comprised of three borders and two surfaces. The dorsal border was slightly shallow medially having linearly arranged pneumatic foramina. The basal border was strongly convex and bears a prominent sternal crest. The cranial border was broad and transversely convex with shallow grooves on the lateral edges for articulation with the coracoid bones. There were seven pairs of ribs that articulated with corresponding sterno-costal bones. The shoulder girdle comprised of the blade-like scapula, coracoid, and the clavicles which fused proximally to form the foramen triosseum. The humerus was pneumatic tubular bone with flat expanded proximal ends and small rounded distal ends. The ulna and radius were of comparatively equal length, separated along their long axis by extended interosseous space. The carpus consisted of the ulnar carpal bone and radial carpal bone. Whereas, the carpo-metacarpal comprised of three primary bones that articulated distally with corresponding rays of digits.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91222924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.304
I. Usende, O. R. Attah, F. Oyelowo, I. Shokoye, A. Rassaq, Z. S. Tags, S. A. Madubuike
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system and studying its morphology and morphometry in African side necked turtle (Pelusios castaneus) enhance understanding the neurobiology of this reptile. The current study is aimed to document the normal features on gross morphology and morphometry of the brain of Pelusios castaneus, and discuss the structure-function paradigm. The study was conducted on six (6) brains of African side necked turtle without sex differences. The main morphologic features observed were: 1- a pear-shaped olfactory brain, sand-wished between the two eyes and grossly divided into i) olfactory bulb, ii) olfactory tract and iii) olfactory lobe. 2- smooth cerebrum lacking gyri and sulci, and narrowed rostrally but broad caudally, 3- bi-lobed optic structure separating the cerebrum from cerebellum, 4- developed cerebellum with large corpus cerebelli and small flocculus. 5-pons and medulla oblongata were developed, and made up the myelencephalon. The mean body, head and brain weights were 111.69±21.04g, 4.58±0.60g and0.35±0.04g respectively. While brain weight accounts for 0.34% of total body weight and 8% of head weight, brain somatic index was 0.0034±0.0004 and head brain index was 7.60±0.70 respectively. The study provided baseline data on the gross morphology and morphometry of the brain of African side necked turtle (Pelusios castaneus); which is of great benefit in understanding the neurobiology of this reptile.
{"title":"Morphology and Morphometry of the Brain of African side necked turtle (Pelusios castaneus): A Preliminary Investigation","authors":"I. Usende, O. R. Attah, F. Oyelowo, I. Shokoye, A. Rassaq, Z. S. Tags, S. A. Madubuike","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.304","url":null,"abstract":"The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system and studying its morphology and morphometry in African side necked turtle (Pelusios castaneus) enhance understanding the neurobiology of this reptile. The current study is aimed to document the normal features on gross morphology and morphometry of the brain of Pelusios castaneus, and discuss the structure-function paradigm. The study was conducted on six (6) brains of African side necked turtle without sex differences. The main morphologic features observed were: 1- a pear-shaped olfactory brain, sand-wished between the two eyes and grossly divided into i) olfactory bulb, ii) olfactory tract and iii) olfactory lobe. 2- smooth cerebrum lacking gyri and sulci, and narrowed rostrally but broad caudally, 3- bi-lobed optic structure separating the cerebrum from cerebellum, 4- developed cerebellum with large corpus cerebelli and small flocculus. 5-pons and medulla oblongata were developed, and made up the myelencephalon. The mean body, head and brain weights were 111.69±21.04g, 4.58±0.60g and0.35±0.04g respectively. While brain weight accounts for 0.34% of total body weight and 8% of head weight, brain somatic index was 0.0034±0.0004 and head brain index was 7.60±0.70 respectively. The study provided baseline data on the gross morphology and morphometry of the brain of African side necked turtle (Pelusios castaneus); which is of great benefit in understanding the neurobiology of this reptile. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80226479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.310
A. Hamza, A. Mbaya, C. Nwosu, E. Nwankwo, J. Luka
Intestinal and urinary helminth infections affect up to a quarter of the world’s population, with the potential of causing significant public health and economic burden. The occurrence of helminth parasites in stool and urine of residents, and water and soil samples of some communities around Lake Alau, Maiduguri, Nigeria was determined using direct microscopy, floatation and sedimentation techniques. A total of 349 (34.7%) residents were infected out of the 1,005 examined, consisting of 220 (21.9%) males and 129 (12.8%) females, with significant (p<0.05) variation based on gender. Similarly, the infection was significantly (p<0.05) higher among young individuals 197(19.6%) than the adults 152(15.1%). Among the ten communities (Logajiri, Melari, Dumbari, AlauLimanti, Awa Isari, Limanti, Gaskeri, Attakeri, Chellomi and Gomari Karekǝri) examined, the infection was significantly (p<0.05) highest at Gomari Karekǝri 57 (5.7%) and Alau Limanti 55(5.5%) and least at Gaskeri 19 (1.9%) and Chellomari 20 (2.0%). Intestinal parasites encountered consist of Ascaris lumbricoides 234 (23.3%), Trichuris trichiura 24 (2.4%), Strongyloides stercoralis 10 (1.0%), Schistosoma mansoni 8 (0.8%), and Taenia species 1 (0.1%) (p<0.05). Schistosoma haematobium 72 (7.2%) was the only helminth parasite recovered from urine samples examined. Environmental (water and soil) contamination with parasite stages was predominantly with pre-parasitic nematode larvae 50 (25%), eggs of Strongyloides stercoralis 50 (25%), Ascaris lumbricoides 30 (15%), Strongyle spp. 30 (15%) and cysts of protozoans; Entamoeba histolytica 30 (15%) and Giardia intestinalis 10 (5%). The results suggest that infection with intestinal and urinary parasites is common among the residents of the study area and that socio-cultural habits may favour the survival and transmission of these parasites in the area.
{"title":"Prevalence of Intestinal and Urinary Helminth Parasite Infections among Residents of Communities around Lake Alau, Maiduguri","authors":"A. Hamza, A. Mbaya, C. Nwosu, E. Nwankwo, J. Luka","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.310","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal and urinary helminth infections affect up to a quarter of the world’s population, with the potential of causing significant public health and economic burden. The occurrence of helminth parasites in stool and urine of residents, and water and soil samples of some communities around Lake Alau, Maiduguri, Nigeria was determined using direct microscopy, floatation and sedimentation techniques. A total of 349 (34.7%) residents were infected out of the 1,005 examined, consisting of 220 (21.9%) males and 129 (12.8%) females, with significant (p<0.05) variation based on gender. Similarly, the infection was significantly (p<0.05) higher among young individuals 197(19.6%) than the adults 152(15.1%). Among the ten communities (Logajiri, Melari, Dumbari, AlauLimanti, Awa Isari, Limanti, Gaskeri, Attakeri, Chellomi and Gomari Karekǝri) examined, the infection was significantly (p<0.05) highest at Gomari Karekǝri 57 (5.7%) and Alau Limanti 55(5.5%) and least at Gaskeri 19 (1.9%) and Chellomari 20 (2.0%). Intestinal parasites encountered consist of Ascaris lumbricoides 234 (23.3%), Trichuris trichiura 24 (2.4%), Strongyloides stercoralis 10 (1.0%), Schistosoma mansoni 8 (0.8%), and Taenia species 1 (0.1%) (p<0.05). Schistosoma haematobium 72 (7.2%) was the only helminth parasite recovered from urine samples examined. Environmental (water and soil) contamination with parasite stages was predominantly with pre-parasitic nematode larvae 50 (25%), eggs of Strongyloides stercoralis 50 (25%), Ascaris lumbricoides 30 (15%), Strongyle spp. 30 (15%) and cysts of protozoans; Entamoeba histolytica 30 (15%) and Giardia intestinalis 10 (5%). The results suggest that infection with intestinal and urinary parasites is common among the residents of the study area and that socio-cultural habits may favour the survival and transmission of these parasites in the area.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80559085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.315
S. Adamu, G. Kia, S. Saidu, A. Tijjani, M. Sadiq, H. I. Musa, S. M. Jajere, F. Ejeh
A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted among flocks of sheep and goats in three agricultural zones of Borno State. Seven hundred sixty-eight small ruminants (384 sheep and goats each) of both sexes (282 males and 486 females) of different age groups from 90 flocks were randomly selected for blood collection and related epidemiological data. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA; I.D. Vet) was used to test the sera samples for the presence of both phases I and II antibodies against Coxiella burnetii infections. The overall seroprevalence in sheep and goats was 10.9% (44/384) and 12.0% (46/384). There was no statistically significant association between the two species of the animals tested and the infection rates of coxiellosis (P = 0.734, OR= 0.924, 95% CI= 0.578–1.408). Bivariate analysis showed that female animals of all species tested were more seropositive for antibodies to Coxiella burnetii than males. There was a statistically significant association between the sex of both sheep and goats tested (P = 0.032, OR = 0.439, 95% CI = 0.204–0.9470) and (P = 0.022, OR = 0.434, 95% CI = 0.208–0.903). Age of sheep and goats were not statistically significant (P = 0.199, OR = 0.577, 95% CI = 0.247–1.346), (P = 0.304, OR = 0.670, 95% CI = 0.311–1.444. There was no statistically significant association between the breeds of sheep and goats tested (P= 0.861, OR= 0.787, 95% CI= 0.315–1.964), and (P= 0.742, OR= 0.736, 95% CI= 0.264–2.050). The study indicates that seroprevalence of coxiellosis was high in the studied small ruminant population, particularly among female sheep and goats, and can be considered a potential risk for both susceptible animals and humans in the study area
在博尔诺州三个农业区的绵羊和山羊群中进行了横断面血清流行率研究。从90个畜群中随机抽取不同年龄段的雌雄小反刍动物768只(公282只，母486只)，各384只，采集血液和流行病学资料。一种商业化的间接酶联免疫吸附试验(iELISA;使用i.d Vet检测血清样本是否存在抗伯纳氏杆菌感染的I期和II期抗体。绵羊和山羊的总血清阳性率分别为10.9%(44/384)和12.0%(46/384)。两种被试动物与克氏菌病感染率无统计学意义(P = 0.734, OR= 0.924, 95% CI= 0.578 ~ 1.408)。双因素分析表明，所有种类的雌性动物伯纳氏杆菌抗体血清阳性高于雄性。绵羊和山羊的性别之间有统计学意义的相关性(P = 0.032, OR = 0.439, 95% CI = 0.204 ~ 0.9470)和(P = 0.022, OR = 0.434, 95% CI = 0.208 ~ 0.903)。绵羊和山羊的年龄差异无统计学意义(P = 0.199, OR = 0.577, 95% CI = 0.247 ~ 1.346)， (P = 0.304, OR = 0.670, 95% CI = 0.311 ~ 1.444)。绵羊和山羊的品种之间无统计学意义的相关性(P= 0.861, OR= 0.787, 95% CI= 0.315 ~ 1.964)， (P= 0.742, OR= 0.736, 95% CI= 0.264 ~ 2.050)。该研究表明，在研究的小型反刍动物种群中，特别是雌性绵羊和山羊中，克希菌病的血清患病率很高，可认为对研究地区的易感动物和人类都有潜在风险
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Sheep and Goats and associated Risk Factors","authors":"S. Adamu, G. Kia, S. Saidu, A. Tijjani, M. Sadiq, H. I. Musa, S. M. Jajere, F. Ejeh","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.315","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted among flocks of sheep and goats in three agricultural zones of Borno State. Seven hundred sixty-eight small ruminants (384 sheep and goats each) of both sexes (282 males and 486 females) of different age groups from 90 flocks were randomly selected for blood collection and related epidemiological data. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA; I.D. Vet) was used to test the sera samples for the presence of both phases I and II antibodies against Coxiella burnetii infections. The overall seroprevalence in sheep and goats was 10.9% (44/384) and 12.0% (46/384). There was no statistically significant association between the two species of the animals tested and the infection rates of coxiellosis (P = 0.734, OR= 0.924, 95% CI= 0.578–1.408). Bivariate analysis showed that female animals of all species tested were more seropositive for antibodies to Coxiella burnetii than males. There was a statistically significant association between the sex of both sheep and goats tested (P = 0.032, OR = 0.439, 95% CI = 0.204–0.9470) and (P = 0.022, OR = 0.434, 95% CI = 0.208–0.903). Age of sheep and goats were not statistically significant (P = 0.199, OR = 0.577, 95% CI = 0.247–1.346), (P = 0.304, OR = 0.670, 95% CI = 0.311–1.444. There was no statistically significant association between the breeds of sheep and goats tested (P= 0.861, OR= 0.787, 95% CI= 0.315–1.964), and (P= 0.742, OR= 0.736, 95% CI= 0.264–2.050). The study indicates that seroprevalence of coxiellosis was high in the studied small ruminant population, particularly among female sheep and goats, and can be considered a potential risk for both susceptible animals and humans in the study area","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87755720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.252
N. Igbokwe, I. Kashim, Short Communication
The effects of honey and beebread on some haematological parameters were investigated in fifteen apparently healthy adult albino male mice. The mice were divided into three groups of five mice each after a two-week period of acclimatization. The mice in group A were given distilled water orally to serve as a control while those in groups B and C were administered honey and beebread respectively by gavages at the dose rate of 1g/kg body weight and at a concentration of 40% w/v using water as a vehicle, once daily for 70 consecutive days. Micro-haematocrit and hematocytometry were used for determination of packed cell volume and erythrocyte and differential leucocyte counts, respectively. Haemoglobin concentration was estimated by using Cyanmethemoglobin method. There were significant (p ˂0.05) increases in the red blood cells count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration in the treatment groups compared to the control group, with the most increase observed in the group treated with beebread. There was significant (p ˂ 0.05) increase in total leucocyte count in the treated groups with the highest count recorded in the honey treated group than the control. Lymphocytes and neutrophils significantly (p ˂ 0.05) increased in the treatment groups but there were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in the number of eosinophils, basophils and monocytes. The study demonstrates the positive haematopoietic effects of supplementation of feed with honey and beebread.
{"title":"Beebread and Honey improves some Haematologic Parameters in Male Albino Mice","authors":"N. Igbokwe, I. Kashim, Short Communication","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.252","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of honey and beebread on some haematological parameters were investigated in fifteen apparently healthy adult albino male mice. The mice were divided into three groups of five mice each after a two-week period of acclimatization. The mice in group A were given distilled water orally to serve as a control while those in groups B and C were administered honey and beebread respectively by gavages at the dose rate of 1g/kg body weight and at a concentration of 40% w/v using water as a vehicle, once daily for 70 consecutive days. Micro-haematocrit and hematocytometry were used for determination of packed cell volume and erythrocyte and differential leucocyte counts, respectively. Haemoglobin concentration was estimated by using Cyanmethemoglobin method. There were significant (p ˂0.05) increases in the red blood cells count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration in the treatment groups compared to the control group, with the most increase observed in the group treated with beebread. There was significant (p ˂ 0.05) increase in total leucocyte count in the treated groups with the highest count recorded in the honey treated group than the control. Lymphocytes and neutrophils significantly (p ˂ 0.05) increased in the treatment groups but there were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in the number of eosinophils, basophils and monocytes. The study demonstrates the positive haematopoietic effects of supplementation of feed with honey and beebread. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77716622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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