Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.320
A. Baso, M. B. Umar, M. H. Sulaiman, I. J. Gosomji, J. Omirinde, T. Muazu, M. Zubairu, S. Atabo
Photoperiod is considered to be one of the most effective environmental factor in controlling the reproductive cycle and gonadal maturation in some mammalian species, but very limited information are available on its effects on reproductive biology of the guinea fowl. Therein, we investigated the effects of varying photoperiodic treatments on morpho-biometry of the excurrent duct system of helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). A total of twenty-one (21) apparently healthy sexually-matured helmeted guinea fowls were randomly assigned into three (3) photoperiodic regimes; mainly [Group I: Short daylight (SD; 8 HL (Hour of light, Group II: Moderate daylight (MD; 12 HL) and Group III: Long daylight (LD; 16 HL)] of seven birds per group (n=7). After 8 weeks of experimentation, the excurrent ducts were excised and freed of all adhering connective tissues for gross-morphological and morphometric evaluations. The bio-morphometric data (weight and diameter) were significantly increased (p< 0.05) in the epididymis and ductus deferens of guinea fowl exposed to 16 HL, as compared to other treatments. However, no significant (p> 0.05) effect was observed in body weight and length of the excurrent ducts regardless of photoperiod. The observed changes in weight and diameter of the epididymis and ductus deferens of helmeted guinea fowl are thus a consequence of the stimulatory effects of long photoperiod exposure to reproductive activity. Thus, these findings would therefore be useful to guinea fowl breeders in designing appropriate intervention programs necessary to improve their reproduction efficacy and to preserve this species.
{"title":"Photoperiodic-dependent morpho-biometric changes in the excurrent duct system of sexually-matured helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)","authors":"A. Baso, M. B. Umar, M. H. Sulaiman, I. J. Gosomji, J. Omirinde, T. Muazu, M. Zubairu, S. Atabo","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.320","url":null,"abstract":"Photoperiod is considered to be one of the most effective environmental factor in controlling the reproductive cycle and gonadal maturation in some mammalian species, but very limited information are available on its effects on reproductive biology of the guinea fowl. Therein, we investigated the effects of varying photoperiodic treatments on morpho-biometry of the excurrent duct system of helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). A total of twenty-one (21) apparently healthy sexually-matured helmeted guinea fowls were randomly assigned into three (3) photoperiodic regimes; mainly [Group I: Short daylight (SD; 8 HL (Hour of light, Group II: Moderate daylight (MD; 12 HL) and Group III: Long daylight (LD; 16 HL)] of seven birds per group (n=7). After 8 weeks of experimentation, the excurrent ducts were excised and freed of all adhering connective tissues for gross-morphological and morphometric evaluations. The bio-morphometric data (weight and diameter) were significantly increased (p< 0.05) in the epididymis and ductus deferens of guinea fowl exposed to 16 HL, as compared to other treatments. However, no significant (p> 0.05) effect was observed in body weight and length of the excurrent ducts regardless of photoperiod. The observed changes in weight and diameter of the epididymis and ductus deferens of helmeted guinea fowl are thus a consequence of the stimulatory effects of long photoperiod exposure to reproductive activity. Thus, these findings would therefore be useful to guinea fowl breeders in designing appropriate intervention programs necessary to improve their reproduction efficacy and to preserve this species. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86265808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.312
R. Ali, S. Asuku, U. Bamanga, A. Ali, M. Waziri, M. M. Bukar
Reproductive morphometry of Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) is essential in distinguishing different species that are closely related to it and adequate information is required regarding the seasonal variation of milt characteristic of wild species. This study was designed to document the reproductive tract morphometric dimensions and milt characteristics of wild C. gariepinus during spawning and non-spawning seasons in Lake Alau, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Sixty male brood stocks were used comprising thirty each for spawning and non-spawning seasons. The reproductive tracts were removed and their dimensions measured. The milt samples were collected, pooled and evaluated. Results of the study showed that the body weight, sperm concentration and testicular indices differed significantly (p˂0.05) between the two seasons of evaluation. In addition, a positive correlation (p˂ 0.05) between body weight of fish and milt volume (r = 0.656 and r = 0.646) was also observed in both seasons. It was concluded that the left testis of C. gariepinus is heavier, longer and thicker than the right. Nonetheless, the C. gariepinus had larger body weights and higher spermatozoa concentration in spawning season than in non-spawning season; those with larger body weights had higher volume of milt than those with lower body weights.
加里平瓢虫(Clarias gariepinus, C. gariepinus)的生殖形态测定是区分其近缘种的重要依据，对野生种的生殖形态特征的季节变化需要有充分的了解。本研究旨在记录尼日利亚迈杜古里阿劳湖产卵季节和非产卵季节野生加里滨棘鱼(C. gariepinus)生殖道的形态尺寸和形态特征。共使用60个雄性育雏群，其中产卵季节和非产卵季节各30个。切除生殖道并测量其尺寸。这些样本被收集、汇总和评估。研究结果表明，在两个评估季节之间，体重、精子浓度和睾丸指数差异显著(p小于0.05)。此外，在两个季节中，鱼的体重与鱼体体积之间也观察到正相关(p小于0.05)(r = 0.656和r = 0.646)。结果表明:左睾丸比右睾丸重、长、粗。产卵季节的鱼体质量和精子浓度均高于非产卵季节;体重大的人比体重小的人有更高的肌肉体积。
{"title":"Reproductive Tract Morphometry and Evaluation of Fresh Wild African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Milt from Lake Alau, Maiduguri, Nigeria","authors":"R. Ali, S. Asuku, U. Bamanga, A. Ali, M. Waziri, M. M. Bukar","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i3.312","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive morphometry of Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) is essential in distinguishing different species that are closely related to it and adequate information is required regarding the seasonal variation of milt characteristic of wild species. This study was designed to document the reproductive tract morphometric dimensions and milt characteristics of wild C. gariepinus during spawning and non-spawning seasons in Lake Alau, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Sixty male brood stocks were used comprising thirty each for spawning and non-spawning seasons. The reproductive tracts were removed and their dimensions measured. The milt samples were collected, pooled and evaluated. Results of the study showed that the body weight, sperm concentration and testicular indices differed significantly (p˂0.05) between the two seasons of evaluation. In addition, a positive correlation (p˂ 0.05) between body weight of fish and milt volume (r = 0.656 and r = 0.646) was also observed in both seasons. It was concluded that the left testis of C. gariepinus is heavier, longer and thicker than the right. Nonetheless, the C. gariepinus had larger body weights and higher spermatozoa concentration in spawning season than in non-spawning season; those with larger body weights had higher volume of milt than those with lower body weights.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80257589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.302
Basiru, Sanusi A. O., F. Olaifa, Short Communication
This study determined the influence of age on haematological and serum biochemical parameters and lipid profiles of stallions in Ilorin, Nigeria. Blood samples of 50 (3-16 years of age) apparently healthy stallions were collected from different stables within Ilorin metropolis, and haematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined according to standard procedures. The stallions were grouped into three: <5 years (n=12), 6-11 years (n=33) and >11 years (n=5). The values obtained were subjected to a one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) using Tukey’s multiple comparison test as post test to determine the significant differences in the haematological and serum biochemical parameters in relation to age differences. Stallions with less than 5 years of age showed significant (p< 0.001) increase in PCV, red blood cell and haemoglobin counts when compared with stallions aged 6-11 years and above 11 years. Serum albumin and triglycerides for the <5 years of age stallion significantly reduced and increased respectively when compared to the stallions aged 6-11 years and above 11 years. There was no significant difference in cholesterol, white blood cell, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts. Age influences haematological and serum biochemical parameters in stallions. This is more noticeable in stallions aged five years and below. The findings from this study will guide clinicians in interpretations of haematological and serum biochemical values in different age group of stallions.
{"title":"Influence of Age on Haematology, Serum Biochemistry and Lipid Profile of Stallions in Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"Basiru, Sanusi A. O., F. Olaifa, Short Communication","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.302","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the influence of age on haematological and serum biochemical parameters and lipid profiles of stallions in Ilorin, Nigeria. Blood samples of 50 (3-16 years of age) apparently healthy stallions were collected from different stables within Ilorin metropolis, and haematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined according to standard procedures. The stallions were grouped into three: <5 years (n=12), 6-11 years (n=33) and >11 years (n=5). The values obtained were subjected to a one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) using Tukey’s multiple comparison test as post test to determine the significant differences in the haematological and serum biochemical parameters in relation to age differences. Stallions with less than 5 years of age showed significant (p< 0.001) increase in PCV, red blood cell and haemoglobin counts when compared with stallions aged 6-11 years and above 11 years. Serum albumin and triglycerides for the <5 years of age stallion significantly reduced and increased respectively when compared to the stallions aged 6-11 years and above 11 years. There was no significant difference in cholesterol, white blood cell, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts. Age influences haematological and serum biochemical parameters in stallions. This is more noticeable in stallions aged five years and below. The findings from this study will guide clinicians in interpretations of haematological and serum biochemical values in different age group of stallions.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89161518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.295
A. A. Biu, M. S. Auwal, U. A. Maina, S. Salihu, I. B. Kashimbe, L. Buratai, F. A. Lawan, P. A. Ruth
The aqueous leaf extract of Allium cepaL. was evaluated for its phytochemistry, acute toxicity, efficacy and in vitro trypanocidal activity using standard procedures. A total of 12 wistar rats were grouped into 4 groups of 3 rats each and were intraperitioneally administered with graded doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg bw of the extract. All groups of wistar rats were observed for 24 hours for sign of toxicity and mortality. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, saponins, reducing sugars, monosacharides, glycosides, tannins and ketones, while phlabotannins was absent. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the plant extract was determined as 600 mg/kg. Clinical signs exhibited in the treated wistar rats were dose dependent. The in vitro trypanocidal efficacy of the extract of A. cepa on Trypanosoma brucei showed lethality at 800 mg/ml.
{"title":"In vitro Trypanocidal and Therapeutic activity of Aqueous leaves extract of Allium cepa linn in Experimentally infected Wistar rats","authors":"A. A. Biu, M. S. Auwal, U. A. Maina, S. Salihu, I. B. Kashimbe, L. Buratai, F. A. Lawan, P. A. Ruth","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.295","url":null,"abstract":"The aqueous leaf extract of Allium cepaL. was evaluated for its phytochemistry, acute toxicity, efficacy and in vitro trypanocidal activity using standard procedures. A total of 12 wistar rats were grouped into 4 groups of 3 rats each and were intraperitioneally administered with graded doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg bw of the extract. All groups of wistar rats were observed for 24 hours for sign of toxicity and mortality. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, saponins, reducing sugars, monosacharides, glycosides, tannins and ketones, while phlabotannins was absent. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the plant extract was determined as 600 mg/kg. Clinical signs exhibited in the treated wistar rats were dose dependent. The in vitro trypanocidal efficacy of the extract of A. cepa on Trypanosoma brucei showed lethality at 800 mg/ml.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90556264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.305
M. A. Sani, D. Sani, F. Khan, E. G. Emmanuel, S. Muhammad, A. A. Bada
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of thiopental sodium and ketamine hydrochloride on rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, anaesthetic duration/recovery time indogs during the maintenance of general anaesthesia post-induction with thiopental sodium. Ten apparently healthy male and female dogs, aged 12-30 months, weighing 7-14 kg were divided into two groups of 5dogs each. Atropine (0.02 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg) were used for premedication. Thiopental sodium (20 mg/kg) was used for induction and maintenance in group A while dogs in group B were given thiopental sodium (20 mg/kg) for induction and ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) for maintenance. Duration of anaesthesia to recovery time, and vital parameters were monitored and recorded accordingly. Results revealed group A had significantly (p<0.001) prolonged duration of anaesthesia to recovery time (400 minutes) when compared to group B (200 minutes). Significant decrease was however observed in rectal temperature of group A at 50 minutes (p< 0.05), 60-90 minutes (p<0.01) and100-110 minutes (p<0.001) when compared to group B. Similarly, the respiratory rates of dogs in group A showed significant decrease at 50 minutes (p< 0.01), 60-110 minutes (p< 0.001) when compared to group B. There was no significant (p> 0.05) effect in the pulse rates of either group. It was concluded that a relative shorter recovery time, stability in rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates in the group maintained with ketamine hydrochloride were observed when compared to the group induced and maintained with thiopental sodium.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Thiopental Sodium and Ketamine Hydrochloride in the Maintenance of General Anaesthesia during Exploratory Laparotomy in Nigerian Indigenous Dogs","authors":"M. A. Sani, D. Sani, F. Khan, E. G. Emmanuel, S. Muhammad, A. A. Bada","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.305","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of thiopental sodium and ketamine hydrochloride on rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, anaesthetic duration/recovery time indogs during the maintenance of general anaesthesia post-induction with thiopental sodium. Ten apparently healthy male and female dogs, aged 12-30 months, weighing 7-14 kg were divided into two groups of 5dogs each. Atropine (0.02 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg) were used for premedication. Thiopental sodium (20 mg/kg) was used for induction and maintenance in group A while dogs in group B were given thiopental sodium (20 mg/kg) for induction and ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) for maintenance. Duration of anaesthesia to recovery time, and vital parameters were monitored and recorded accordingly. Results revealed group A had significantly (p<0.001) prolonged duration of anaesthesia to recovery time (400 minutes) when compared to group B (200 minutes). Significant decrease was however observed in rectal temperature of group A at 50 minutes (p< 0.05), 60-90 minutes (p<0.01) and100-110 minutes (p<0.001) when compared to group B. Similarly, the respiratory rates of dogs in group A showed significant decrease at 50 minutes (p< 0.01), 60-110 minutes (p< 0.001) when compared to group B. There was no significant (p> 0.05) effect in the pulse rates of either group. It was concluded that a relative shorter recovery time, stability in rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rates in the group maintained with ketamine hydrochloride were observed when compared to the group induced and maintained with thiopental sodium.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83378889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.270
I. Girgiri, M. K. Malah, M. H. Jiji, Y. Gazali
The present study was aimed at describing the anatomy of the nasal turbinates in adult Yankasa sheep using sectional anatomical planes and light microscopy. A total of 5 heads were used. The gross observations of the nasal turbinates were presented in midsagittal and serialized transverse sections. The nasal cavity comprised of dorsal, middle and ventral nasal turbinates. These turbinates were delineated by dorsal, middle, common and ventral nasal meatuses and presented distinct morphological details at different levels of the sectional planes. Microscopically, the mucosal lining of the nasal turbinates was divided into stratified squamous keratinized epithelium in the vestibular portion, pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the respiratory portion and olfactory pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the olfactory portion of the nasal cavity. The propria submucosa consisted of loose irregular connective tissue, having connective tissue cells, fibers, cavernous veins and cartilages. whereas the deeper part presented mixed glandular tissue of simple acinar and coiled tubular glands. The study provided basic information on gross and microscopic anatomy of the nasal turbinates in Yankasa sheep, which could serve as reference for clinical interpretation of diagnostic images of the head region of the Yankasa sheep, and for comparative anatomical studies.
{"title":"Gross and Histological Studies of the Nasal Turbinates in Yankasa Sheep (Ovis aries) in Maiduguri, Nigeria","authors":"I. Girgiri, M. K. Malah, M. H. Jiji, Y. Gazali","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i2.270","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed at describing the anatomy of the nasal turbinates in adult Yankasa sheep using sectional anatomical planes and light microscopy. A total of 5 heads were used. The gross observations of the nasal turbinates were presented in midsagittal and serialized transverse sections. The nasal cavity comprised of dorsal, middle and ventral nasal turbinates. These turbinates were delineated by dorsal, middle, common and ventral nasal meatuses and presented distinct morphological details at different levels of the sectional planes. Microscopically, the mucosal lining of the nasal turbinates was divided into stratified squamous keratinized epithelium in the vestibular portion, pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the respiratory portion and olfactory pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the olfactory portion of the nasal cavity. The propria submucosa consisted of loose irregular connective tissue, having connective tissue cells, fibers, cavernous veins and cartilages. whereas the deeper part presented mixed glandular tissue of simple acinar and coiled tubular glands. The study provided basic information on gross and microscopic anatomy of the nasal turbinates in Yankasa sheep, which could serve as reference for clinical interpretation of diagnostic images of the head region of the Yankasa sheep, and for comparative anatomical studies.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83807021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.303
A. Zubairu, U. Haruna, D. Iliyasu, A. R. Mustapha, F. Lawan, M. Mustapha, L. Adamu, S. Muhammad
Fetal wastage usually occurs due to indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows without proper ante mortem assessment of the pregnancy status prior to slaughter in most of the abattoir in Jigawa state. Therefore, the current retrospective study was aimed to determine the extent of cattle fetal wastage and its economic implications for a period of 6 years (2016-2021) in Hadeja abattoir Jigawa state. The total number of cows slaughtered in Hadeja abattoir and the fetal wastage were evaluated. Variation in the number of fetal wastages during dry season and rainy season were determined. Economic implications of fetal wastage were evaluated. The results revealed the number of fetuses wasted were 3,763 within a six-year period. The highest number of fetal wastages 2777 (73.8 %/) were recorded in the dry season with (P < 0.05), compared to the number of fetal wastages 986 (26.2 %) recorded in the rainy season. The financial losses due to fetal wastages was estimated at ₦2,162,160,000 with an annual loss of ₦ 360,360,000. The yearly average fetal wastage across the study period was 627 (16.7 %). Large number of fetal wastages were recorded during the dry season with significant economic losses. Hence, effective ante mortem inspection and pregnancy diagnosis in cows is necessary in order to avert this problem at the abattoir. Similarly, reinforcement of legislation law against indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows should be enforced at the abattoir.
{"title":"Retrospective Study of Cattle Fetal Wastage at Hadeja Abattoir, Jigawa State: Economic Implication and Seasonal Variation","authors":"A. Zubairu, U. Haruna, D. Iliyasu, A. R. Mustapha, F. Lawan, M. Mustapha, L. Adamu, S. Muhammad","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.303","url":null,"abstract":"Fetal wastage usually occurs due to indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows without proper ante mortem assessment of the pregnancy status prior to slaughter in most of the abattoir in Jigawa state. Therefore, the current retrospective study was aimed to determine the extent of cattle fetal wastage and its economic implications for a period of 6 years (2016-2021) in Hadeja abattoir Jigawa state. The total number of cows slaughtered in Hadeja abattoir and the fetal wastage were evaluated. Variation in the number of fetal wastages during dry season and rainy season were determined. Economic implications of fetal wastage were evaluated. The results revealed the number of fetuses wasted were 3,763 within a six-year period. The highest number of fetal wastages 2777 (73.8 %/) were recorded in the dry season with (P < 0.05), compared to the number of fetal wastages 986 (26.2 %) recorded in the rainy season. The financial losses due to fetal wastages was estimated at ₦2,162,160,000 with an annual loss of ₦ 360,360,000. The yearly average fetal wastage across the study period was 627 (16.7 %). Large number of fetal wastages were recorded during the dry season with significant economic losses. Hence, effective ante mortem inspection and pregnancy diagnosis in cows is necessary in order to avert this problem at the abattoir. Similarly, reinforcement of legislation law against indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows should be enforced at the abattoir.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76299316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.284
B. B. Petrol, A. Abubakar, F. Sanda, M. Babakura, C. Goñi, M. Sherrif
The hypoglycemic effect of feeding normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats with Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)and Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum)flour fortified with vitamin for 21 days was studied. Forty-five white albino rats were divided into groups of five rats each. The groups are Normal control, Normal control + diet, positive control, negative control, test control 1 and test control 2. Fasting blood glucose and 2 hours post-prandial were measured at 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. It was found that sweet potato and irish potato flour diet significantly (P<0.05) reduced the fasting blood glucose and 2 hours post-prandial blood glucose compared with those of diabetic and normal rats fed with control diet. Maximum reduction in fasting and 2 hours post-prandial blood glucose was observed at day 21 with 119.6 ± 5.59 mmol/L in the sweet potato fed group compared to the diabetic control (223.6 ± 9.31mmol/L and normal control (106.6 ± 7.83) mmol/L. While the Irish potato group had (133 ± 2.45) mmol/L, compared to the diabetic control (233.6 ±9.31) mmol/L and normal control (106.6 ±7.83) mmol/L. However Sweet potato showed a better hypoglycemic effect than irish potato. This shows that the hypoglycemic effect of sweet and irish potato is time dependent.
{"title":"Hypoglycemic Response of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Fed with Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas) and Irish (Solanum Tuberosum) Potato Flour Supplemented with Vitamins","authors":"B. B. Petrol, A. Abubakar, F. Sanda, M. Babakura, C. Goñi, M. Sherrif","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.284","url":null,"abstract":"The hypoglycemic effect of feeding normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats with Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)and Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum)flour fortified with vitamin for 21 days was studied. Forty-five white albino rats were divided into groups of five rats each. The groups are Normal control, Normal control + diet, positive control, negative control, test control 1 and test control 2. Fasting blood glucose and 2 hours post-prandial were measured at 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. It was found that sweet potato and irish potato flour diet significantly (P<0.05) reduced the fasting blood glucose and 2 hours post-prandial blood glucose compared with those of diabetic and normal rats fed with control diet. Maximum reduction in fasting and 2 hours post-prandial blood glucose was observed at day 21 with 119.6 ± 5.59 mmol/L in the sweet potato fed group compared to the diabetic control (223.6 ± 9.31mmol/L and normal control (106.6 ± 7.83) mmol/L. While the Irish potato group had (133 ± 2.45) mmol/L, compared to the diabetic control (233.6 ±9.31) mmol/L and normal control (106.6 ±7.83) mmol/L. However Sweet potato showed a better hypoglycemic effect than irish potato. This shows that the hypoglycemic effect of sweet and irish potato is time dependent. ","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78860224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.294
I. Girgiri, M. K. Malah, A. Abdulrahman
The present study, conducted on the larynx of five adult Yankasa sheep of local breed, aimed at exploring its basic anatomy and histological features. The larynx consists of four cartilages; the unpaired epiglottis rostroventral, unpaired thyroid ventrally, dorsal paired arytenoid, and caudal unpaired cricoid. These cartilages presented distinct morphological features and were connected to each other by ligaments. The intrinsic laryngeal muscles include; the dorsal cricoarytenoid and transverse arytenoid muscles. The lateral cricoarytenoid was concealed by the thyroid laminae. The ventrally located thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles. The laryngeal cavity comprised of rostral vestibule, a narrow middle glottic cleft and a wide infraglottic cavity caudally. Histologically, the epiglottis was lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium, the thyroid cartilage was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium, whereas the arytenoid cartilage was lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells. The loose irregular loose connective tissue of the propria submucosa comprised of connective tissue cells mainly fibroblast, and fine blood capillaries, whereas the deeper part presented glandular tissues, ducts, fat cells and cartilages. It is envisaged that the study has provided basic information on gross and histological feature of the larynx in the Yankasa sheep.
{"title":"Gross Morphological and Histological Features of Larynx in Yankasa Sheep (Ovis aries)","authors":"I. Girgiri, M. K. Malah, A. Abdulrahman","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v19i1.294","url":null,"abstract":"The present study, conducted on the larynx of five adult Yankasa sheep of local breed, aimed at exploring its basic anatomy and histological features. The larynx consists of four cartilages; the unpaired epiglottis rostroventral, unpaired thyroid ventrally, dorsal paired arytenoid, and caudal unpaired cricoid. These cartilages presented distinct morphological features and were connected to each other by ligaments. The intrinsic laryngeal muscles include; the dorsal cricoarytenoid and transverse arytenoid muscles. The lateral cricoarytenoid was concealed by the thyroid laminae. The ventrally located thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles. The laryngeal cavity comprised of rostral vestibule, a narrow middle glottic cleft and a wide infraglottic cavity caudally. Histologically, the epiglottis was lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium, the thyroid cartilage was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium, whereas the arytenoid cartilage was lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells. The loose irregular loose connective tissue of the propria submucosa comprised of connective tissue cells mainly fibroblast, and fine blood capillaries, whereas the deeper part presented glandular tissues, ducts, fat cells and cartilages. It is envisaged that the study has provided basic information on gross and histological feature of the larynx in the Yankasa sheep.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"30 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91489369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i4.264
I. Hambali, I. Allamin, A. Oba, I. Salihu, F. U. Yarima, A. M. Hassan, F. A. Ali, N. Adamu, A. O. Tijjani, F. Jesse
Soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons is a major problem resulting from activities related to petroleum industry, automobile service stations and accidental release of oil in the soil. Bioremediation/biodegradation can be considered as an effective aid to clean up oil spills, aside from conventional methods that are uneconomical and produce residues that harm the surrounding biota. There are an estimated over 250 mechanic shops with more than 5000 technicians in Maiduguri. Mechanics working therein frequently spill oil which is a potent source of immunotoxicants and carcinogenic to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to screen for petrophilic bacterial isolates from engine oil contaminated soil, that can utilize crude oil as sole source of carbon for growth in Maiduguri Metropolis. Ten isolates from engine oil contaminated soils in Bola and Tashan Kano areas of Borno State were obtained. The bacteria were individually cultured in Bushnell Haas Mineral Salt Medium devoid of carbon source except for crude oil for 21 days at 370C. Bacterial growth from visible increased turbidity was enumerated by CFU/g on nutrient agar. Pseudomonas sp. isolate exhibited relatively higher ability to grow on crude oil with TNTC followed by Bacillus sp., 6.7×104, Arthrobacter sp.,6.5×104, Flavobacterium sp.,6.2×104, Pseudomonas sp., 6×104, Nocardia sp.,5.9×104, Acinetobacter sp., 5×104, Bacillus sp., 5×104. Proteus sp., 4.7×104 and Flavobacterium sp. 4×104. It is therefore concluded that all the bacterial genera present in this study are effective hydrocarbon oil degraders.
{"title":"Environmental Assessment of Petrophilic Bacteria Associated with Bioremediation and Biodegradation of Engine Oil Contaminated Soil in Maiduguri","authors":"I. Hambali, I. Allamin, A. Oba, I. Salihu, F. U. Yarima, A. M. Hassan, F. A. Ali, N. Adamu, A. O. Tijjani, F. Jesse","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i4.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i4.264","url":null,"abstract":"Soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons is a major problem resulting from activities related to petroleum industry, automobile service stations and accidental release of oil in the soil. Bioremediation/biodegradation can be considered as an effective aid to clean up oil spills, aside from conventional methods that are uneconomical and produce residues that harm the surrounding biota. There are an estimated over 250 mechanic shops with more than 5000 technicians in Maiduguri. Mechanics working therein frequently spill oil which is a potent source of immunotoxicants and carcinogenic to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to screen for petrophilic bacterial isolates from engine oil contaminated soil, that can utilize crude oil as sole source of carbon for growth in Maiduguri Metropolis. Ten isolates from engine oil contaminated soils in Bola and Tashan Kano areas of Borno State were obtained. The bacteria were individually cultured in Bushnell Haas Mineral Salt Medium devoid of carbon source except for crude oil for 21 days at 370C. Bacterial growth from visible increased turbidity was enumerated by CFU/g on nutrient agar. Pseudomonas sp. isolate exhibited relatively higher ability to grow on crude oil with TNTC followed by Bacillus sp., 6.7×104, Arthrobacter sp.,6.5×104, Flavobacterium sp.,6.2×104, Pseudomonas sp., 6×104, Nocardia sp.,5.9×104, Acinetobacter sp., 5×104, Bacillus sp., 5×104. Proteus sp., 4.7×104 and Flavobacterium sp. 4×104. It is therefore concluded that all the bacterial genera present in this study are effective hydrocarbon oil degraders.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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