Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i4.258
S. Asuku, I. Alkali, M. M. Bukar, M. Waziri, A. Mustapha, A. Y. Ribadu, J. D. Amin
This study investigated the effects of egg yolk and coconut milk-based extenders on the motility and morphology of chilled and post thawed turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) semen in Maiduguri, Nigeria. A total of 112 semen samples were collected from seven matured turkey toms, twice weekly for 2 months using the dorso-abdominal massage method. Freshly collected semen were pooled, divided into three aliquots and diluted with modified Ringer’s buffer, egg yolk and coconut milk-based extenders, respectively. An aliquot of each extended semen was stored at 37°C and 5°C, and then evaluated hourly for 24 hours. Extended semen samples were also cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen and post thaw qualities were assessed after 24 hours. The progressive motility of spermatozoa was maintained for 6 hours at 37°C and up to 12 hours at 5°C when preserved in coconut milk and egg yolk-based extenders. It was also found that use of 1% coconut milk or 1% egg yolk-based extenders improved the post thaw quality of turkey semen once frozen at -196°C. It was observed that the coconut milk-based extender preserved the spermatozoa motility and reduced sperm abnormalities better than the egg yolk-based extender.
{"title":"Effects of Egg Yolk and Coconut Milk-Based Extenders on Chilled and Cryopreserved Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Semen Qualities in Maiduguri, Nigeria","authors":"S. Asuku, I. Alkali, M. M. Bukar, M. Waziri, A. Mustapha, A. Y. Ribadu, J. D. Amin","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i4.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i4.258","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of egg yolk and coconut milk-based extenders on the motility and morphology of chilled and post thawed turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) semen in Maiduguri, Nigeria. A total of 112 semen samples were collected from seven matured turkey toms, twice weekly for 2 months using the dorso-abdominal massage method. Freshly collected semen were pooled, divided into three aliquots and diluted with modified Ringer’s buffer, egg yolk and coconut milk-based extenders, respectively. An aliquot of each extended semen was stored at 37°C and 5°C, and then evaluated hourly for 24 hours. Extended semen samples were also cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen and post thaw qualities were assessed after 24 hours. The progressive motility of spermatozoa was maintained for 6 hours at 37°C and up to 12 hours at 5°C when preserved in coconut milk and egg yolk-based extenders. It was also found that use of 1% coconut milk or 1% egg yolk-based extenders improved the post thaw quality of turkey semen once frozen at -196°C. It was observed that the coconut milk-based extender preserved the spermatozoa motility and reduced sperm abnormalities better than the egg yolk-based extender.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72753014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.255
P. Oke, F. Dayong, I. K. Ogbu, I. C. Ogbaje
An evaluation of fly pests of cattle was conducted in Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology (FCAH&PT) Farm, Chaha Village, Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria between August and October, 2020. Samples were collected from the farm weekly for three months. A total of nine hundred and nineteen (919) adult dipterous flies comprising fifteen species in eight genera across the three sub-orders were caught and identified using aerial sweeping hand net, light trapping and aerial insecticide spray. Phlebotomus papaltasi (44.18%) was the most prevalent while Simulium damnosum (0.22%) was the least. Others were Musca domestica (17.73%), Stomoxys calcitrans (11.43%), Culicoides species (10.99%), Musca autumnalis (10.23%), mosquitoes – Anopheles gambiae/Culex quequinfasciatus (4.89%) and Tabanus species (0.33%). The haematophagous flies (72.04%) out-numbered the non-haematophagous flies (27.96%) and the number of females collected/caught 780 (84.87%) were higher than the males 139 (15.13%). The highest collections were made in October (353 representing 38.41%) while September had the lowest (263 /28.62%). The study established the presence of fly pests in the farm and recommends that appropriate control measures should be put in place to forestall any disease outbreak.
{"title":"Distribution of Fly Pests in a Farm in Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"P. Oke, F. Dayong, I. K. Ogbu, I. C. Ogbaje","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.255","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation of fly pests of cattle was conducted in Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology (FCAH&PT) Farm, Chaha Village, Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria between August and October, 2020. Samples were collected from the farm weekly for three months. A total of nine hundred and nineteen (919) adult dipterous flies comprising fifteen species in eight genera across the three sub-orders were caught and identified using aerial sweeping hand net, light trapping and aerial insecticide spray. Phlebotomus papaltasi (44.18%) was the most prevalent while Simulium damnosum (0.22%) was the least. Others were Musca domestica (17.73%), Stomoxys calcitrans (11.43%), Culicoides species (10.99%), Musca autumnalis (10.23%), mosquitoes – Anopheles gambiae/Culex quequinfasciatus (4.89%) and Tabanus species (0.33%). The haematophagous flies (72.04%) out-numbered the non-haematophagous flies (27.96%) and the number of females collected/caught 780 (84.87%) were higher than the males 139 (15.13%). The highest collections were made in October (353 representing 38.41%) while September had the lowest (263 /28.62%). The study established the presence of fly pests in the farm and recommends that appropriate control measures should be put in place to forestall any disease outbreak.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89195411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.251
J. Lawal, U. Ibrahim, A. Biu, H. Musa
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites in village chickens in Kwami, Gombe State, Nigeria using microscopy and the associated risk factors using structured questionnaires. To achieve this goal, blood samples were collected from 346 apparently healthy village chickens in Kwami of Gombe State, and a total of 45 farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of 20.8% (72/346) for haemosporidian parasites comprising of Plasmodium spp. with 41 (11.8%; 95% CI = 8.9 – 15.7) and Haemoproteus spp. 23 (6.6%; 95% CI = 4.5 – 9.8) as single infection and mixed infection of Plasmodium + Haemoproteus spp. having 8 (2.3%; 95% CI = 1.2 – 4.5). Prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites was significantly higher in male (13.9%) compared to hens (6.9%), as well as in adults (14.50%) compared to growers (6.4%). The prevalence was also found to be higher in the rainy season (15.6%) compared to the dry (5.2%) seasons of the study period. Questionnaire survey on attitude and practice of the village chicken farmers in the study area has shown that village chicken are raised under the extensive management system and are reared with other village poultry species on free range. Inadequate biosecurity, poor management and husbandry systems constituted the predisposing risk factors associated with haemoparasite infections in this study. Key words: Haemosporidian parasites; Avian malaria, Microscopy, Scavenging Chickens; Kwami, Gombe State
本研究旨在利用显微镜技术确定尼日利亚贡贝州Kwami村鸡中禽类血吸虫寄生虫的流行情况，并利用结构化问卷调查确定相关危险因素。为实现这一目标，从贡贝州Kwami村346只明显健康的鸡身上采集了血液样本，并使用结构化问卷对45名农民进行了访谈。显微镜检查显示，血孢子虫的总患病率为20.8%(72/346)，其中41 (11.8%;95% CI = 8.9 - 15.7)和Haemoproteus sp . 23 (6.6%;95% CI = 4.5 ~ 9.8)为单一感染和混合感染，其中8例(2.3%;95% ci = 1.2 - 4.5)。禽类带血孢子虫寄生虫的患病率在雄性(13.9%)中显著高于母鸡(6.9%)，在成年(14.50%)中显著高于养殖户(6.4%)。在研究期间，雨季的患病率(15.6%)高于旱季(5.2%)。对研究区村鸡养殖户态度和行为的问卷调查显示，村鸡采用粗放式管理方式，与其他村禽品种一起放养。在本研究中，不充分的生物安全、不良的管理和饲养系统构成了与血寄生虫感染相关的易感危险因素。关键词:血孢子虫;禽疟疾，显微镜，食腐鸡;Kwami，贡贝州
{"title":"Prevalence of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites in Village Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from Kwami, Gombe State, Nigeria","authors":"J. Lawal, U. Ibrahim, A. Biu, H. Musa","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.251","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites in village chickens in Kwami, Gombe State, Nigeria using microscopy and the associated risk factors using structured questionnaires. To achieve this goal, blood samples were collected from 346 apparently healthy village chickens in Kwami of Gombe State, and a total of 45 farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of 20.8% (72/346) for haemosporidian parasites comprising of Plasmodium spp. with 41 (11.8%; 95% CI = 8.9 – 15.7) and Haemoproteus spp. 23 (6.6%; 95% CI = 4.5 – 9.8) as single infection and mixed infection of Plasmodium + Haemoproteus spp. having 8 (2.3%; 95% CI = 1.2 – 4.5). Prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites was significantly higher in male (13.9%) compared to hens (6.9%), as well as in adults (14.50%) compared to growers (6.4%). The prevalence was also found to be higher in the rainy season (15.6%) compared to the dry (5.2%) seasons of the study period. Questionnaire survey on attitude and practice of the village chicken farmers in the study area has shown that village chicken are raised under the extensive management system and are reared with other village poultry species on free range. Inadequate biosecurity, poor management and husbandry systems constituted the predisposing risk factors associated with haemoparasite infections in this study. \u0000Key words: Haemosporidian parasites; Avian malaria, Microscopy, Scavenging Chickens; Kwami, Gombe State","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87044716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.250
M. Mustapha, P. Goel, V. Jain
The most common cause of urinary tract infection in dogs is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). This condition often presents with vaginal discharge, dribbling of urine, straining or vocalization while urinating due to pain. Furthermore, the following signs are also noticeable: hematuria, lethargy, proteinuria, dysuria, cystitis, and oliguria. The aim of this research was to investigate the genes of ampicillin resistance in E. coli isolates from dogs with urinary tract infections. Out of 103 urine samples cultured (Blood agar, MacConkey’s lactose agar and Eosin methylene blue agar), 24.3% were positive for uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The positive isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test and PCR analysis. All the uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin while 96% were resistant to Cloxacillin and Oxytetracycline. Susceptibility to Meropenem, Gentamicin and Amikacin were 64 %, 44 % and 40% respectively. All the 25 strains of the E. coli were identified to be resistant to two or more antibiotics. The PCR result showed the presence of blaAMPC in all the samples and 60 % had blaTEM genes responsible for ampicillin resistance. However, none of the isolates were positive for the blaSHV gene.The presence of the blaAMPC and blaTEM genes in the dogs studied resulted in ampicillin resistance, with blaAMPC being the most commonly detected ampicillin gene in Escherichia coli in the study area. Meropenem was also found to be a good choice for treating uropathogenic E. coli infection in dogs.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Ampicillin Resistant Genes in E. coli Isolates from Dogs in India","authors":"M. Mustapha, P. Goel, V. Jain","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.250","url":null,"abstract":"The most common cause of urinary tract infection in dogs is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). This condition often presents with vaginal discharge, dribbling of urine, straining or vocalization while urinating due to pain. Furthermore, the following signs are also noticeable: hematuria, lethargy, proteinuria, dysuria, cystitis, and oliguria. The aim of this research was to investigate the genes of ampicillin resistance in E. coli isolates from dogs with urinary tract infections. Out of 103 urine samples cultured (Blood agar, MacConkey’s lactose agar and Eosin methylene blue agar), 24.3% were positive for uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The positive isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test and PCR analysis. All the uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin while 96% were resistant to Cloxacillin and Oxytetracycline. Susceptibility to Meropenem, Gentamicin and Amikacin were 64 %, 44 % and 40% respectively. All the 25 strains of the E. coli were identified to be resistant to two or more antibiotics. The PCR result showed the presence of blaAMPC in all the samples and 60 % had blaTEM genes responsible for ampicillin resistance. However, none of the isolates were positive for the blaSHV gene.The presence of the blaAMPC and blaTEM genes in the dogs studied resulted in ampicillin resistance, with blaAMPC being the most commonly detected ampicillin gene in Escherichia coli in the study area. Meropenem was also found to be a good choice for treating uropathogenic E. coli infection in dogs.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88310932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.229
A. Balami, A. Sule, S. J. Enam, J. J. Gadzama, J. J. Ndahi, M. Mustapha, L. Adamu, A. Wakawa, T. Aluwong, P. Abdu
This study was designed to assess the effect of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) on oxidative stress biomarkers in broiler chickens fed Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) supplemented feed. Two hundred- and forty-day-old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were randomly assigned into groups A, B, C and D of 60 chicks each.The chicks were raised on deep litter housing.Broiler starter (BS) and broiler finisher (BF) mash were formulated for broilers in groups A and B each with 5% MOL supplemented as part of the feed.while BS and BF were formulated without MOL for broilers in groups C and D. Broiler chickens in groups A, B and C were challenged with 0.05 ml of a live vvIBDV at 35 days of age, whereas those in group D served as controls. At days 35, 38, 42 and 49 of age, blood was collected from 10 broilers in each group via the wing vein to determine serum concentration of Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) using an Audiocomb Serum Auto-analyser.There was a significant increase in the concentration of CAT (P=0.0125) and GPx (P=0.0190), in broilers of group A at 38 days of age when compared with the control (group D). While the concentration of MDA increased significantly in broilers of group A (P=0.0004) at 42 days of age when compared with the control. Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation in the feed of broilers is shown to potentiate the antioxidant activities of CAT, GPx and MDA during infection with infectious bursal disease virus.
{"title":"Effect of Moringa oleifera Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers during Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection in Broiler Chickens","authors":"A. Balami, A. Sule, S. J. Enam, J. J. Gadzama, J. J. Ndahi, M. Mustapha, L. Adamu, A. Wakawa, T. Aluwong, P. Abdu","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.229","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to assess the effect of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) on oxidative stress biomarkers in broiler chickens fed Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) supplemented feed. Two hundred- and forty-day-old Ross 308 hybrid broiler chicks were randomly assigned into groups A, B, C and D of 60 chicks each.The chicks were raised on deep litter housing.Broiler starter (BS) and broiler finisher (BF) mash were formulated for broilers in groups A and B each with 5% MOL supplemented as part of the feed.while BS and BF were formulated without MOL for broilers in groups C and D. Broiler chickens in groups A, B and C were challenged with 0.05 ml of a live vvIBDV at 35 days of age, whereas those in group D served as controls. At days 35, 38, 42 and 49 of age, blood was collected from 10 broilers in each group via the wing vein to determine serum concentration of Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) using an Audiocomb Serum Auto-analyser.There was a significant increase in the concentration of CAT (P=0.0125) and GPx (P=0.0190), in broilers of group A at 38 days of age when compared with the control (group D). While the concentration of MDA increased significantly in broilers of group A (P=0.0004) at 42 days of age when compared with the control. Moringa oleifera leaf supplementation in the feed of broilers is shown to potentiate the antioxidant activities of CAT, GPx and MDA during infection with infectious bursal disease virus.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73117259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.219
S. Hassan, B. Maikai, J. Kabir, M. Aliyu
Maintenance of strict biosecurity measures is essential in preventing disease spread from Live Bird Markets (LBMs) which serve as a major intermingling area for poultry from different sources. This study assessed the Biosecurity measures and spatial distribution of daily Live Bird Markets of four North-western States in Nigeria. Closed ended questionnaires were administered in 35 daily LBMs in Kaduna, Kano, Katsina and Zamfara states and identification of disinfectants used in the LBMs were noted. Swab samples of birds’ cages in the LBMs were taken for E. coli isolation. The live bird managers and marketers were all male (100%) across all the four states. Only 6(17%) out of the 35 LBMs had high biosecurity level, 69% had a moderate biosecurity level and 5(14%) were graded as low. Of the 400 Live bird marketers administered questionnaires, only 71 (18%) employ good biosecurity practices and 305(76%) were graded as fair and remaining 24(6%) as poor. Majority of the LBMs were located within human settlements without any form of barrier. There were seven main types of disinfectants identified across the all LBMs. Esherichia coli was isolated from 1(17%) LBM among the 6(17%) LBMs that were identified to have and use disinfectant. From the remaining 29(83%) LBMs, E.coli was isolated from only 5(17%) despite lacking in use of disinfectant by these LBMs. Live bird marketers should be educated on the need to adhere to biosecurity measures and practices.
{"title":"Assessment of Biosecurity Measures and Distribution of Daily Live Bird Markets in Four North-Western States of Nigeria ","authors":"S. Hassan, B. Maikai, J. Kabir, M. Aliyu","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.219","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of strict biosecurity measures is essential in preventing disease spread from Live Bird Markets (LBMs) which serve as a major intermingling area for poultry from different sources. This study assessed the Biosecurity measures and spatial distribution of daily Live Bird Markets of four North-western States in Nigeria. Closed ended questionnaires were administered in 35 daily LBMs in Kaduna, Kano, Katsina and Zamfara states and identification of disinfectants used in the LBMs were noted. Swab samples of birds’ cages in the LBMs were taken for E. coli isolation. The live bird managers and marketers were all male (100%) across all the four states. Only 6(17%) out of the 35 LBMs had high biosecurity level, 69% had a moderate biosecurity level and 5(14%) were graded as low. Of the 400 Live bird marketers administered questionnaires, only 71 (18%) employ good biosecurity practices and 305(76%) were graded as fair and remaining 24(6%) as poor. Majority of the LBMs were located within human settlements without any form of barrier. There were seven main types of disinfectants identified across the all LBMs. Esherichia coli was isolated from 1(17%) LBM among the 6(17%) LBMs that were identified to have and use disinfectant. From the remaining 29(83%) LBMs, E.coli was isolated from only 5(17%) despite lacking in use of disinfectant by these LBMs. Live bird marketers should be educated on the need to adhere to biosecurity measures and practices.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79995067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.222
A. Akanmu, H. Yunus, S. Balogun, O. Sodipo, L. M. Paul, I. Gulani
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn) [Cucurbitaceae] is a famous vegetable crop used for food since ancient times but little is known of its antibacterial potential. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activities of the aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts of the plant against some clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium spp) using the disc diffusion method. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, cardenolites and flavonoids. Corynebacterium spp was the most susceptible (with maximum inhibition zone of 30.00±0.00 mm). The two extracts had varied antibacterial activity at the same level. At the concentration of 400mg/ml, aqueous extract inhibited S. aureus, Corynebacterium spp, E. coli and K. pneumoniae, while ethanol extract inhibited S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. typhi and Corynebacterium spp. B. subtilis was inhibited only at the highest (significant) concentration of 600mg/ml (7.00±0.00 mm)[p<0.05]. The MIC value for both extracts against Corynebacterium spp was 25mg/ml. The MBC value against Corynebacterium spp was observed at 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml for the aqueous and ethanol extract respectively. The results suggest that the ethanol extract was bactericidal at low concentration while the aqueous extract was bacteriostatic at low concentration and bactericidal at high concentration against Corynebacterium spp. The difference between the MBC for the two extracts was significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that extract of C. sativus could be a potential source of natural antibacterial agent
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanol Fruit Extracts of Cucumis sativus Linn. Against Selected Microorganisms at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri","authors":"A. Akanmu, H. Yunus, S. Balogun, O. Sodipo, L. M. Paul, I. Gulani","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.222","url":null,"abstract":"Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn) [Cucurbitaceae] is a famous vegetable crop used for food since ancient times but little is known of its antibacterial potential. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activities of the aqueous and ethanol fruit extracts of the plant against some clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium spp) using the disc diffusion method. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, cardenolites and flavonoids. Corynebacterium spp was the most susceptible (with maximum inhibition zone of 30.00±0.00 mm). The two extracts had varied antibacterial activity at the same level. At the concentration of 400mg/ml, aqueous extract inhibited S. aureus, Corynebacterium spp, E. coli and K. pneumoniae, while ethanol extract inhibited S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. typhi and Corynebacterium spp. B. subtilis was inhibited only at the highest (significant) concentration of 600mg/ml (7.00±0.00 mm)[p<0.05]. The MIC value for both extracts against Corynebacterium spp was 25mg/ml. The MBC value against Corynebacterium spp was observed at 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml for the aqueous and ethanol extract respectively. The results suggest that the ethanol extract was bactericidal at low concentration while the aqueous extract was bacteriostatic at low concentration and bactericidal at high concentration against Corynebacterium spp. The difference between the MBC for the two extracts was significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that extract of C. sativus could be a potential source of natural antibacterial agent","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77197430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.243
H. Gambo, S. U. Hassan, I. O. Igbokwe, Y. A. Geidam
Mineral mining activities with environmental pollution in Nigeria resulted in lead intoxication in humans and livestock. The likelihood of lead contamination of the environment from non-mining sources may exist in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. The study was carried out to evaluate the bioaccumulation of lead in extensively reared local scavenger chickens-LSC (Gallus gallusdomesticus) in Maiduguri. Two hundred samples each of the liver, kidney, intestine, muscle and blood were tested for lead using standard methods in toxicologic evaluation. There were significant (p<0.05) variations in lead levels in the kidney, liver, muscle, intestine and blood of local scavenger chickens. The highest mean lead level (17.0±12.0µg/kg) was observed in the liver, and the lowest leadlevel (4.0±7.0µg/kg) was in the blood. No significant (p>0.05) sex differences existed in the frequency of lead detection. Mean lead level in the liver of males was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of females with the highest and lowest mean lead levels occurring in the liver and kidney of male chickens, respectively. The highest lead level detected was 414 µg/kg; in the kidney of a female LSC. It was therefore concluded that environmental pollution with lead may be detected in LSCthat bioaccumulate lead; with the liver having the highest affinity.
{"title":"Lead Levels in Tissues of Local Scavenger Chickens in Maiduguri, Nigeria","authors":"H. Gambo, S. U. Hassan, I. O. Igbokwe, Y. A. Geidam","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.243","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral mining activities with environmental pollution in Nigeria resulted in lead intoxication in humans and livestock. The likelihood of lead contamination of the environment from non-mining sources may exist in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. The study was carried out to evaluate the bioaccumulation of lead in extensively reared local scavenger chickens-LSC (Gallus gallusdomesticus) in Maiduguri. Two hundred samples each of the liver, kidney, intestine, muscle and blood were tested for lead using standard methods in toxicologic evaluation. There were significant (p<0.05) variations in lead levels in the kidney, liver, muscle, intestine and blood of local scavenger chickens. The highest mean lead level (17.0±12.0µg/kg) was observed in the liver, and the lowest leadlevel (4.0±7.0µg/kg) was in the blood. No significant (p>0.05) sex differences existed in the frequency of lead detection. Mean lead level in the liver of males was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of females with the highest and lowest mean lead levels occurring in the liver and kidney of male chickens, respectively. The highest lead level detected was 414 µg/kg; in the kidney of a female LSC. It was therefore concluded that environmental pollution with lead may be detected in LSCthat bioaccumulate lead; with the liver having the highest affinity.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82524339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.193
D. Esonu, S. Ismail, A. Ajala, S. Yusuf, R. Otolorin
Staphylococcal infections and salmonellosis are important food-borne diseases affecting both humans and animals, and the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans through the consumption of animal food products remains a challenge. To determine the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in fresh milk and milk products sold in Zaria and environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria, ninety samples were purchased comprising of 49 pasteurized milk, 20 ghee (Clarified butter) and 21 fresh milk samples in Zaria. The Samples were pre-enriched before plating on a suitable selective media. Biochemical and Sugar fermentation tests were used to detect S. aureus and Salmonella isolates; also, antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out on positive isolates. The overall prevalence of S. aureus and Salmonella spp. in fresh milk and milk products (pasteurized milk and ghee) were 31.1% (28/90) and 6.7% (6/90), respectively. Higher prevalence of S. aureus was found in fresh milk (38.1%) than in ghee (35%) and pasteurized milk (26.5%). Also, a higher prevalence of Salmonella organism was found in fresh milk (9.5%) than in pasteurized milk (6.1%) and ghee (5%). Positive isolates of S. aureus showed the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance to oxacillin (100%), then tetracycline (64%) and vancomycin (57.1%), while positive isolates of Salmonella showed oxacillin (100%) and vancomycin (100%), followed by tetracycline (33.3%). Most of the isolates displayed resistance to more than three (3) different classes of antimicrobials, indicating multi-drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need for education and public awareness regarding hygienic processing, handling and storage of fresh milk and milk products; thus, the abuse and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in animals should be discouraged.
{"title":"Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species in Fresh Milk and Milk Products Sold in Zaria and Environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"D. Esonu, S. Ismail, A. Ajala, S. Yusuf, R. Otolorin","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.193","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcal infections and salmonellosis are important food-borne diseases affecting both humans and animals, and the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans through the consumption of animal food products remains a challenge. To determine the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in fresh milk and milk products sold in Zaria and environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria, ninety samples were purchased comprising of 49 pasteurized milk, 20 ghee (Clarified butter) and 21 fresh milk samples in Zaria. The Samples were pre-enriched before plating on a suitable selective media. Biochemical and Sugar fermentation tests were used to detect S. aureus and Salmonella isolates; also, antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out on positive isolates. The overall prevalence of S. aureus and Salmonella spp. in fresh milk and milk products (pasteurized milk and ghee) were 31.1% (28/90) and 6.7% (6/90), respectively. Higher prevalence of S. aureus was found in fresh milk (38.1%) than in ghee (35%) and pasteurized milk (26.5%). Also, a higher prevalence of Salmonella organism was found in fresh milk (9.5%) than in pasteurized milk (6.1%) and ghee (5%). Positive isolates of S. aureus showed the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance to oxacillin (100%), then tetracycline (64%) and vancomycin (57.1%), while positive isolates of Salmonella showed oxacillin (100%) and vancomycin (100%), followed by tetracycline (33.3%). Most of the isolates displayed resistance to more than three (3) different classes of antimicrobials, indicating multi-drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need for education and public awareness regarding hygienic processing, handling and storage of fresh milk and milk products; thus, the abuse and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in animals should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82711997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.179
S. Ibrahim, S. Danbirni, A. Saidu, B. Usman, B. Y. Kaltungo, F. Mohammed
Tuberculosis (TB) is recognized as the most important threat to human and animal health causing morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. A study was conducted to assess the epidemiology and zoonotic implications of TB in two states of northeastern Nigeria, using abattoir surveillance, culture, and molecular typing methods. The human sputum of in-patients from selected hospitals within the study areas was also collected, cultured, and subjected to molecular typing. Out of the 250 human sputa collected, 74 (29.6%) were positive for culture and 40(16%) were positive on Bioline® analysis. Also, of the 200 tissues collected, 62(32.5%) were AFB positive and 25(12.5%) were positive on culture and 18(9.0%) were positive on Bioline® analysis. All positive isolates on Bioline® analyses were further subjected to Genotype® MBTC analysis. A total of (n = 58) isolates; sputum (n=40) and tissue (n=18), identified as MBTC were further subjected to Genotype MBTC® Hain assay PCR analysis. in order to differentiate them into their various species. Of the MBTC isolates from the tissues, 8(4.0%) were found to be Mycobacterium bovis, 5(2.5%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the remaining 5(2.5%) were unidentified using the standard banding patterns. The 40 MBTC from sputum showed 30 (75%) as Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6(15%) were Mycobacterium bovis, 3(7.5%) were Mycobacterium africanum and 1(0.4%) was unidentified using the standard banding patterns. In conclusion, the study revealed the public health importance of bTB in the study area. There is also the need for public health awareness programs on the zoonotic nature of bTB among the abattoir workers and the herdsmen.
{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Cattle and Human Patients in Bauchi and Gombe States, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"S. Ibrahim, S. Danbirni, A. Saidu, B. Usman, B. Y. Kaltungo, F. Mohammed","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i2.179","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is recognized as the most important threat to human and animal health causing morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. A study was conducted to assess the epidemiology and zoonotic implications of TB in two states of northeastern Nigeria, using abattoir surveillance, culture, and molecular typing methods. The human sputum of in-patients from selected hospitals within the study areas was also collected, cultured, and subjected to molecular typing. Out of the 250 human sputa collected, 74 (29.6%) were positive for culture and 40(16%) were positive on Bioline® analysis. Also, of the 200 tissues collected, 62(32.5%) were AFB positive and 25(12.5%) were positive on culture and 18(9.0%) were positive on Bioline® analysis. All positive isolates on Bioline® analyses were further subjected to Genotype® MBTC analysis. A total of (n = 58) isolates; sputum (n=40) and tissue (n=18), identified as MBTC were further subjected to Genotype MBTC® Hain assay PCR analysis. in order to differentiate them into their various species. Of the MBTC isolates from the tissues, 8(4.0%) were found to be Mycobacterium bovis, 5(2.5%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the remaining 5(2.5%) were unidentified using the standard banding patterns. The 40 MBTC from sputum showed 30 (75%) as Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6(15%) were Mycobacterium bovis, 3(7.5%) were Mycobacterium africanum and 1(0.4%) was unidentified using the standard banding patterns. In conclusion, the study revealed the public health importance of bTB in the study area. There is also the need for public health awareness programs on the zoonotic nature of bTB among the abattoir workers and the herdsmen.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78269442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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