Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i3.167
F. Lawan, E. Ejeh, A. Waziri, C. Kwanashie, K. Kadima, H. Kazeem
Bovine tuberculosis is an important public health and economic disease in Nigeria. This study reports the prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at the central abattoir in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Post mortem examination of 664 cattle carcasses was done at the abattoir for 6 months. The lesions collected were processed by using NALC-NaOH and subjected to acid-fast staining and microscopy. The overall prevalence of tuberculosis based on gross tubercle lesions in cattle slaughtered at Maiduguri abattoir was 62 (9.3%). Female cattle 43 (16.7%) had significantly (p = 0.0001) higher prevalence of tubercle lesions than male cattle 19 (4.7%). Cattle with thin body condition had 44 (21.2%), optimal body condition 16 (5.8%) and overweight cattle 2 (1.1%). There was significant (p = 0.0001) difference between body condition and occurrence of tubercle lesions. Prevalence of tubercle lesions in adult cattle was 29 (17.7%), young adults (25 (7.8%) and calves 8 (4.3%). Tubercle lesions were most common in thoracic lymph node and lungs than other organs. The prevalence of tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy was 6.2% (41/664). There was significant (p=0.0001) differences in the prevalence of tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy and demographic variable except for breeds. Tubercle lesion is endemic in cattle slaughtered in Maiduguri central abattoir. One Health approach is recommended to prevent zoonotic transmission to humans and economic losses among farmers and butchers.
{"title":"Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Maiduguri Central Abattoir, Nigeria","authors":"F. Lawan, E. Ejeh, A. Waziri, C. Kwanashie, K. Kadima, H. Kazeem","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i3.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i3.167","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine tuberculosis is an important public health and economic disease in Nigeria. This study reports the prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at the central abattoir in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Post mortem examination of 664 cattle carcasses was done at the abattoir for 6 months. The lesions collected were processed by using NALC-NaOH and subjected to acid-fast staining and microscopy. The overall prevalence of tuberculosis based on gross tubercle lesions in cattle slaughtered at Maiduguri abattoir was 62 (9.3%). Female cattle 43 (16.7%) had significantly (p = 0.0001) higher prevalence of tubercle lesions than male cattle 19 (4.7%). Cattle with thin body condition had 44 (21.2%), optimal body condition 16 (5.8%) and overweight cattle 2 (1.1%). There was significant (p = 0.0001) difference between body condition and occurrence of tubercle lesions. Prevalence of tubercle lesions in adult cattle was 29 (17.7%), young adults (25 (7.8%) and calves 8 (4.3%). Tubercle lesions were most common in thoracic lymph node and lungs than other organs. The prevalence of tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy was 6.2% (41/664). There was significant (p=0.0001) differences in the prevalence of tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy and demographic variable except for breeds. Tubercle lesion is endemic in cattle slaughtered in Maiduguri central abattoir. One Health approach is recommended to prevent zoonotic transmission to humans and economic losses among farmers and butchers.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89931586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i3.108
S. Abalaka, N. Sani, I. Idoko, O. Tenuche, S. Ejeh
Post-mortem examination was carried out on a 2-week old male Friesian crossbred calf to determine the cause of death. The body condition of the calf was fair with pale mucous membranes. There was petechial to ecchymotic epicardial haemorrhages with mild hydroperitoneum and hepatomegaly. The enlarged rumen contained a large amount of white offensive rancid-smelling curdled milk mixed with watery content while the abomasum contained some sand sediment. A diagnosis of acute ruminal drinking was made based on the calf's age, reportedly feeding entirely on milk ration, and the presence of a large amount of curdled milk in the rumen. Early diagnosis and the treatment of underlying pathological conditions, correction of predisposing management practices, and rumenostomy are some of the ante-mortem ways to combat and improve the prognosis of the condition in affected calves.
{"title":"Acute Ruminal Drinking in a 2-week old Male Friesian Crossbred Calf","authors":"S. Abalaka, N. Sani, I. Idoko, O. Tenuche, S. Ejeh","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i3.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i3.108","url":null,"abstract":"Post-mortem examination was carried out on a 2-week old male Friesian crossbred calf to determine the cause of death. The body condition of the calf was fair with pale mucous membranes. There was petechial to ecchymotic epicardial haemorrhages with mild hydroperitoneum and hepatomegaly. The enlarged rumen contained a large amount of white offensive rancid-smelling curdled milk mixed with watery content while the abomasum contained some sand sediment. A diagnosis of acute ruminal drinking was made based on the calf's age, reportedly feeding entirely on milk ration, and the presence of a large amount of curdled milk in the rumen. Early diagnosis and the treatment of underlying pathological conditions, correction of predisposing management practices, and rumenostomy are some of the ante-mortem ways to combat and improve the prognosis of the condition in affected calves. ","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81458162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.83
A. Mustapha, S. K. Ghosh, J. Prasad, I. D. Peter, D. Iliyasu, I. Alkali, S. Asuku, A. Abba, M. Bamanga
Uterine torsion is considered an obstetrical emergency and should be corrected as soon as it is diagnosed. It occurs frequently in buffaloes as compared to other species of animals, mainly due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology. This case report describes the occurrence of uterine torsion in a pregnant pluriparous buffalo. The buffalo was presented with history of persistent straining for over 6 hours. The cervix was fully dilated and obstetrical examination revealed dystocia due to a left sided uterine torsion. Haematological results revealed a normal PCV but with an accompanying macrocytosis. There was also neutrophilia, eosinophilia as well as lymphopenia as well as hypocalcium and hypomagnesemia. The dystocia was corrected using the Schafer’s technique. This involved the placing of the free end of a wooden plank on the left flank while the other free end, having an assistant standing on it rested on the ground. Rolling the buffalo twice with this arrangement corrected the anomaly.
{"title":"Management of Dystocia Due to Uterine Torsion in a Murah Buffalo Using Schafer’s Technique","authors":"A. Mustapha, S. K. Ghosh, J. Prasad, I. D. Peter, D. Iliyasu, I. Alkali, S. Asuku, A. Abba, M. Bamanga","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.83","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine torsion is considered an obstetrical emergency and should be corrected as soon as it is diagnosed. It occurs frequently in buffaloes as compared to other species of animals, mainly due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology. This case report describes the occurrence of uterine torsion in a pregnant pluriparous buffalo. The buffalo was presented with history of persistent straining for over 6 hours. The cervix was fully dilated and obstetrical examination revealed dystocia due to a left sided uterine torsion. Haematological results revealed a normal PCV but with an accompanying macrocytosis. There was also neutrophilia, eosinophilia as well as lymphopenia as well as hypocalcium and hypomagnesemia. The dystocia was corrected using the Schafer’s technique. This involved the placing of the free end of a wooden plank on the left flank while the other free end, having an assistant standing on it rested on the ground. Rolling the buffalo twice with this arrangement corrected the anomaly.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80561146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.133
S. Muhammad, M. Abdurrahman, D. O. Avazi, B. Usman, E. G. Emmanuel, M. H. Sulaiman, P. Mamman, M. Babashani, B. M. Jahun, B. Mohammed, C. Awasum, A. Z. Hassan, D. A. Adawa
A one-year-old male Terrier dog weighing 22 kg was presented to the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (ABUVTH), Zaria, Nigeria, with complaints of sloughing of the skin and purulent discharges from an injured (sloughed) shoulder. Clinical examination revealed normal vital parameters, extensive necrotized skin on the dorsum extending from loin to the right shoulder and enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Blood and wound swab samples were evaluated in the clinical haematology and Microbiology Laboratories of the ABUVTH, respectively. The Pathology result showed leucocytosis due to neutrophilia and monocytosis. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the wound swab. The wound was managed by wet-to-dry bandaging technique using topical antiseptics (Para-chloroaniline solution, chlorhexidine and povidone iodine), improvised non-adhesive protective membrane (polyethylene) applied at the wound-bandage interface, bandages along with adhesive tape and systemic antibiotics. Healing occurred uneventfully within 6 weeks of the intervention. The paper discusses the detail of the management initiated and how it greatly influenced the skin wound healing in dogs. In conclusion, proper initial assessment of wounds and appropriate treatment through rigorous wound assessment and bandaging are critical to success in the wound healing and restoration of tissue integrity. This management intervention could be further investigated in animals in order to improve the quality of cutaneous wounds management.
{"title":"Management of Diffuse Necrotic Cutaneous Wound in a Dog","authors":"S. Muhammad, M. Abdurrahman, D. O. Avazi, B. Usman, E. G. Emmanuel, M. H. Sulaiman, P. Mamman, M. Babashani, B. M. Jahun, B. Mohammed, C. Awasum, A. Z. Hassan, D. A. Adawa","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.133","url":null,"abstract":"A one-year-old male Terrier dog weighing 22 kg was presented to the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (ABUVTH), Zaria, Nigeria, with complaints of sloughing of the skin and purulent discharges from an injured (sloughed) shoulder. Clinical examination revealed normal vital parameters, extensive necrotized skin on the dorsum extending from loin to the right shoulder and enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Blood and wound swab samples were evaluated in the clinical haematology and Microbiology Laboratories of the ABUVTH, respectively. The Pathology result showed leucocytosis due to neutrophilia and monocytosis. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the wound swab. The wound was managed by wet-to-dry bandaging technique using topical antiseptics (Para-chloroaniline solution, chlorhexidine and povidone iodine), improvised non-adhesive protective membrane (polyethylene) applied at the wound-bandage interface, bandages along with adhesive tape and systemic antibiotics. Healing occurred uneventfully within 6 weeks of the intervention. The paper discusses the detail of the management initiated and how it greatly influenced the skin wound healing in dogs. In conclusion, proper initial assessment of wounds and appropriate treatment through rigorous wound assessment and bandaging are critical to success in the wound healing and restoration of tissue integrity. This management intervention could be further investigated in animals in order to improve the quality of cutaneous wounds management.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75490705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.131
S. Salihu, A. Telta, M. Chiroma, N. Daniel, C. Yakubu, I. Wiam
Hygrophila auriculata (H. auricalata) plant extract was studied for it phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and its anti-diarrhoea l activity in albino rats using standard procedure. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, terpenoids and saponins. The acute toxicity of the extract was above 2000 mg/kg b. wt which is slightly toxic. The result of castor oil induced diarrhoea model indicates that the extract at all test doses was significant (p<0.05). Similarly, the extract produced a significant (p<0.05) decline in the weight and volume of intestinal contents at all tested doses. In addition, a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal test was also observed in all doses of the extract administered. This activity may be attributed to the presence of the identified phytchemicals in the plant extract. The results in this study confirmed the anti-diarrhoea. l activity of the aerial part of H. auriculata and hence support the folkloric believe and provide the scientific basis for the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of diarrhoea.
采用标准方法研究了木耳湿法植物提取物的化学成分、急性毒性和抗腹泻活性。植物化学筛选结果显示含有心苷、萜类和皂苷。提取物急性毒性在2000 mg/kg b. wt以上，有轻微毒性。蓖麻油致泻模型结果显示，各剂量蓖麻油提取物均有显著性差异(p<0.05)。同样，在所有试验剂量下，提取物均显著(p<0.05)降低了肠道内容物的重量和体积。此外，在炭粉试验中，各剂量的提取物也显著降低了胃肠道运动(p<0.05)。这种活性可能归因于植物提取物中已识别的植物化学物质的存在。本研究的结果证实了抗腹泻的作用。因此，支持了民间的说法，并为传统上使用这种植物治疗腹泻提供了科学依据。
{"title":"Acute Toxicity and Anti-diarrhoeal Activity of Aqueous Extract of Aerial Parts of Hygrophila Auriculata in Albino Rats","authors":"S. Salihu, A. Telta, M. Chiroma, N. Daniel, C. Yakubu, I. Wiam","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i2.131","url":null,"abstract":"Hygrophila auriculata (H. auricalata) plant extract was studied for it phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity and its anti-diarrhoea l activity in albino rats using standard procedure. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, terpenoids and saponins. The acute toxicity of the extract was above 2000 mg/kg b. wt which is slightly toxic. The result of castor oil induced diarrhoea model indicates that the extract at all test doses was significant (p<0.05). Similarly, the extract produced a significant (p<0.05) decline in the weight and volume of intestinal contents at all tested doses. In addition, a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the gastrointestinal motility in charcoal meal test was also observed in all doses of the extract administered. This activity may be attributed to the presence of the identified phytchemicals in the plant extract. The results in this study confirmed the anti-diarrhoea. l activity of the aerial part of H. auriculata and hence support the folkloric believe and provide the scientific basis for the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of diarrhoea.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79322032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i1.65
T. Bello, B. B. Oyelowo, R. Hassan, B. Oke, S. Idris, F. S. Maikaji, Safiyanu Abbdullahi Ahmed, M. Aliyu
The effects of graded levels of dietary protein on some haematological parameters in pubertal Yankasa rams were studied. They were randomly divided into three treatment groups (A, B and C). Groups A, B and C received 10%, 15% and 20% crude protein respectively. All rams were fed a basal diet of hay (Digitaria spp) ad-libitum and given a supplement ration of concentrate mixture at 2% body weight/day. Blood was collected once weekly via jugular venepuncture into heparinised test-tubes, and transported to the laboratory for determination of red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, white blood cell counts and total protein for twelve weeks. The overall mean red blood cell values obtained were 4.2 ± 0.1 ×106 µl, 5.2 ± 0.1 106 µl and 5.06 ± 0.1 ×106 µl, for groups A, B and C respectively. The difference between values obtained for groups B and C were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Mean packed cell volumes obtained in this study revealed that rams fed 15% crude protein had significantly (P < 0.05) higher values (31.3 ± 0.9%) than those fed 10% (25.9± 0.7%) but similar to those fed 20% (30.33 ± 0.56%) crude protein. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in mean white blood cell counts and total protein concentrations between all groups of animals fed 10% CP. Feeding rams diets containing 15 % CP (cotton seed cake and palm kernel cake) gave better values in terms of packed cell volume and red blood cell counts, than feeding diets containing 10% and 20% C.P. While graded levels of dietary protein was shown to affect packed cell volume and total protein concentration, it had no significant effect on red blood cell and white blood cell counts.
{"title":"Changes in Some Haematological Parameters of Pubertal Yankasa Rams Fed Graded Levels of Dietary Protein Using Cotton Seed and Palm Kernel Cake","authors":"T. Bello, B. B. Oyelowo, R. Hassan, B. Oke, S. Idris, F. S. Maikaji, Safiyanu Abbdullahi Ahmed, M. Aliyu","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i1.65","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of graded levels of dietary protein on some haematological parameters in pubertal Yankasa rams were studied. They were randomly divided into three treatment groups (A, B and C). Groups A, B and C received 10%, 15% and 20% crude protein respectively. All rams were fed a basal diet of hay (Digitaria spp) ad-libitum and given a supplement ration of concentrate mixture at 2% body weight/day. Blood was collected once weekly via jugular venepuncture into heparinised test-tubes, and transported to the laboratory for determination of red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, white blood cell counts and total protein for twelve weeks. The overall mean red blood cell values obtained were 4.2 ± 0.1 ×106 µl, 5.2 ± 0.1 106 µl and 5.06 ± 0.1 ×106 µl, for groups A, B and C respectively. The difference between values obtained for groups B and C were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Mean packed cell volumes obtained in this study revealed that rams fed 15% crude protein had significantly (P < 0.05) higher values (31.3 ± 0.9%) than those fed 10% (25.9± 0.7%) but similar to those fed 20% (30.33 ± 0.56%) crude protein. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in mean white blood cell counts and total protein concentrations between all groups of animals fed 10% CP. Feeding rams diets containing 15 % CP (cotton seed cake and palm kernel cake) gave better values in terms of packed cell volume and red blood cell counts, than feeding diets containing 10% and 20% C.P. While graded levels of dietary protein was shown to affect packed cell volume and total protein concentration, it had no significant effect on red blood cell and white blood cell counts. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90618402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.149
V. E. Adetunji, O. Adeyemo
This study was conducted to evaluate haematological and biochemical parameters of haemogregarine-infected (h-infected) and non-infected African hinge-back tortoises in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 120 tortoises, of which 70 were Kinixys belliana and 50 were K. homeana. Stained thin smears were examined for haemogregarines using light microscope. Haematological and biochemical analyses were carried out following standard procedures. A total of 91(75.83 %) tortoises were positive for haemogregarines. Significantly (P<0.05) lower values of haematocrit (23.92 %), haemoglobin (5.21g/dl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (21.78 %) were recorded for h-infected tortoises with haematocrit (33.29 %), haemoglobin (8.31g/dl) and MCHC (24.96 %). Higher values of white blood cells (WBC) (7.26 x 109/L) and lymphocytes (2.71x109/L), were observed in h-infected than non-infected with WBC (5.58 x 109/L) and lymphocytes (2.15x109/L). Higher values of haematocrit and haemaglobin were recorded for K. Homeana. Males had higher haematocrit (27.27 %) and WBC (7.09 x 109/L) than females with haematocrit (24.35 %) and WBC (6.93 x 109/L). Females had higher MCHC, haemoglobin and calcium values than males.The lower values of haematocrit, haemoglobin and MCHC obtained for h-infected tortoises were expected since haemogregarines are usually found intra-erythrocytic in their host thereby destroying affected erythrocytes and causing a decrease in haematocrit value. Higher WBC counts in h-infected tortoises is typical in diseased conditions. The higher level of calcium in female tortoises is due to their reproductive cycle especially vitellogenesis and egg formation. Hypo-proteinaemia recorded in h- infected tortoises was attributed to parasitism. It is concluded that majority of haematological and biochemical analytes showed considerable variations with level of infection status, species and gender.
{"title":"Haematologic and Biochemical Parameters of Haemogregarine-infected and Non-infected African Hinge-Back Tortoises in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"V. E. Adetunji, O. Adeyemo","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.149","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate haematological and biochemical parameters of haemogregarine-infected (h-infected) and non-infected African hinge-back tortoises in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 120 tortoises, of which 70 were Kinixys belliana and 50 were K. homeana. Stained thin smears were examined for haemogregarines using light microscope. Haematological and biochemical analyses were carried out following standard procedures. A total of 91(75.83 %) tortoises were positive for haemogregarines. Significantly (P<0.05) lower values of haematocrit (23.92 %), haemoglobin (5.21g/dl) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (21.78 %) were recorded for h-infected tortoises with haematocrit (33.29 %), haemoglobin (8.31g/dl) and MCHC (24.96 %). Higher values of white blood cells (WBC) (7.26 x 109/L) and lymphocytes (2.71x109/L), were observed in h-infected than non-infected with WBC (5.58 x 109/L) and lymphocytes (2.15x109/L). Higher values of haematocrit and haemaglobin were recorded for K. Homeana. Males had higher haematocrit (27.27 %) and WBC (7.09 x 109/L) than females with haematocrit (24.35 %) and WBC (6.93 x 109/L). Females had higher MCHC, haemoglobin and calcium values than males.The lower values of haematocrit, haemoglobin and MCHC obtained for h-infected tortoises were expected since haemogregarines are usually found intra-erythrocytic in their host thereby destroying affected erythrocytes and causing a decrease in haematocrit value. Higher WBC counts in h-infected tortoises is typical in diseased conditions. The higher level of calcium in female tortoises is due to their reproductive cycle especially vitellogenesis and egg formation. Hypo-proteinaemia recorded in h- infected tortoises was attributed to parasitism. It is concluded that majority of haematological and biochemical analytes showed considerable variations with level of infection status, species and gender.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83689931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.177
O. Olawuwo, S. Olaogun, O. Azeez, J. Oyewale
The domestication of the African giant rat (AGRs) (Cricetomys gambianus) to compliment the inadequate animal protein supplies in Nigeria and its potential to serve as a model for biomedical research is yet to be fully exploited. This study determines the effects of varied crude protein (CP) diet on haematological indices and body weight of AGRs. Blood samples were obtained from the orbital sinus of 30 apparently healthy adult male and female AGRs. The AGR’s were kept in captivity and divided into 6 rats per group (A, B, C, D and E). Group A served as control group. The groups werefed with graded levels of crude protein (CP) of (E) 9.83%, (D) 14.79%, (A) 21.21%, (C) 23.93% and (B) 27.84%. Each chloroform pre-anaesthetized AGRs were weighed at days 0 and 14, 28, 42 and 56, while blood samples were collected at days 28 and 56. The samples were each analyzed for erythrocyte and leucocyte parameters and platelet counts by standard methods. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and student t-test. At 28 days post-feeding, AGRs fed with 27.84% CP showed no significant elevations in erythrocyte and leucocyte values compared with control values (21.21% CP). However, at 56 days post-feeding, RBC, Hb, PCV, total WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were significantly lowered in the group fed with 27.84% CP. No significant differences in body weights were observed in rats that were fed 27.84%, 21.21%, 14.8% and 9.8% crude protein diets for 28 and 56 days.This study shows improved body weight with 27.84% CP compared with other crude protein percentage used while 14.79% CP had the best haematological parameters when compared with other crude protein groups.
{"title":"Effects of Graded Crude Protein Diet on Haematological Indices and Body Weight of African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus)","authors":"O. Olawuwo, S. Olaogun, O. Azeez, J. Oyewale","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.177","url":null,"abstract":"The domestication of the African giant rat (AGRs) (Cricetomys gambianus) to compliment the inadequate animal protein supplies in Nigeria and its potential to serve as a model for biomedical research is yet to be fully exploited. This study determines the effects of varied crude protein (CP) diet on haematological indices and body weight of AGRs. Blood samples were obtained from the orbital sinus of 30 apparently healthy adult male and female AGRs. The AGR’s were kept in captivity and divided into 6 rats per group (A, B, C, D and E). Group A served as control group. The groups werefed with graded levels of crude protein (CP) of (E) 9.83%, (D) 14.79%, (A) 21.21%, (C) 23.93% and (B) 27.84%. Each chloroform pre-anaesthetized AGRs were weighed at days 0 and 14, 28, 42 and 56, while blood samples were collected at days 28 and 56. The samples were each analyzed for erythrocyte and leucocyte parameters and platelet counts by standard methods. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and student t-test. At 28 days post-feeding, AGRs fed with 27.84% CP showed no significant elevations in erythrocyte and leucocyte values compared with control values (21.21% CP). However, at 56 days post-feeding, RBC, Hb, PCV, total WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were significantly lowered in the group fed with 27.84% CP. No significant differences in body weights were observed in rats that were fed 27.84%, 21.21%, 14.8% and 9.8% crude protein diets for 28 and 56 days.This study shows improved body weight with 27.84% CP compared with other crude protein percentage used while 14.79% CP had the best haematological parameters when compared with other crude protein groups.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90699577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.156
Muhammad, Firman Abdurrahman, Awasum
This study was carried out to evaluate the level of asepsis at various stages of the surgical procedures during the undergraduate students’ wet-lab sessions. Skin and/or wound swabs were collected from different wet lab groups, sessions and stages. The swabs were processed for bacteriological isolation using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 62 isolates of bacteria belonging to 8 genera: Staphylococcus (n=38), Streptococcus (n=1), Corynebacterium n=4), Escherichia (n=7), Proteus (n=8), Klebsiella (n=2), Serratia (n=1) and Acinetobacter (1), were isolated. The most commonly isolated species of bacteria were Staphylococcus equorum (n=31) and Proteus spp. (n=7), which were detected in swabs from ungloved and gloved hands of surgeon and his assistant, patient’s surgical sites and surgical site infections. All the isolates (Gram-positive and negative) were resistant to at least one antibiotic with resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics: ampicillin (89.3% and 100% and amoxicillin (75% and 100%) most observed. The bacteria were more susceptible to doxycycline (75%) and imipenem (87.5%) respectively. Majority of the isolates (83.3%, n=30) were multidrug resistant, presenting in one of 24 different multidrug resistance patterns. The detection of these bacteria from the normally aseptic surgical procedure indicates a break in asepsis. Similarly, the danger of spreading multidrug resistant bacteria to the surgical wounds may result in wound infection, dehiscence, delayed healing and increased cost of post-surgical management. It is recommended that adherence to stringent pre-surgical and intra-surgical asepsis should be observed.
{"title":"Contamination of Gloved Hands by Multidrug Resistant Bacteria During Small Animal Surgery Wet-labs and its Potential Implication for Occurrence of Surgical Site Infections","authors":"Muhammad, Firman Abdurrahman, Awasum","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.156","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the level of asepsis at various stages of the surgical procedures during the undergraduate students’ wet-lab sessions. Skin and/or wound swabs were collected from different wet lab groups, sessions and stages. The swabs were processed for bacteriological isolation using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 62 isolates of bacteria belonging to 8 genera: Staphylococcus (n=38), Streptococcus (n=1), Corynebacterium n=4), Escherichia (n=7), Proteus (n=8), Klebsiella (n=2), Serratia (n=1) and Acinetobacter (1), were isolated. The most commonly isolated species of bacteria were Staphylococcus equorum (n=31) and Proteus spp. (n=7), which were detected in swabs from ungloved and gloved hands of surgeon and his assistant, patient’s surgical sites and surgical site infections. All the isolates (Gram-positive and negative) were resistant to at least one antibiotic with resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics: ampicillin (89.3% and 100% and amoxicillin (75% and 100%) most observed. The bacteria were more susceptible to doxycycline (75%) and imipenem (87.5%) respectively. Majority of the isolates (83.3%, n=30) were multidrug resistant, presenting in one of 24 different multidrug resistance patterns. The detection of these bacteria from the normally aseptic surgical procedure indicates a break in asepsis. Similarly, the danger of spreading multidrug resistant bacteria to the surgical wounds may result in wound infection, dehiscence, delayed healing and increased cost of post-surgical management. It is recommended that adherence to stringent pre-surgical and intra-surgical asepsis should be observed.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90045830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.186
I. C. Chukwudi, O. C. Omemgboji, B. Anene
This study investigated the efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimes in the treatment of rats experimentally infected with diminazene aceturate-resistant strain Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Thirty Sprague Dawley male rats used for the study were randomly assigned to six groups of five rats eachas follows: group A-uninfected untreated (negative control), group B-infected and untreated (positive control), groups C-F were infected and treated with 1.0 mg/kg isometamidum chloride, administered intramuscularly on day 11 post-infection. However, rats in groups D, E and F received further treatments with 700 mg/kg sodium-ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, 0.4 mg/kg verapamil and 3 mg/kg chlorpromazine, respectively, administered orally for four days. Clearance of parasite post-treatment (PT), mortality PT, relapse parasitaemia post-clearance, body weight change, rectal temperature, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HB) concentration and red blood cell count (RBC) were determined during the experiment. Result showed parasite clearance PT of 100% in groups D and E, 80% in group F and 20% in group C by 24 hours PT. The infection relapsed on day 35 PT in 40% of rats in group C, on day 37 PT in 20% of rats in group F and lastly 20% of rats in groups D and E on day 39 PT. Rats that received drug combination showed marginal improvement in erythrocytic parameters analysed when compared with those treatment with isometamidium alone. Combination therapy showed faster clearance of parasite from the blood and also prolonged relapse post-clearance, thus had a better promising efficacy when compared to using isometamiduim chloride alone.
{"title":"Efficacy of Isometamidiumin Combination with Verapamil, Chlorpromazine or Sodium-ethylenediaminetetra-acetic Acid in Treatment of Experimental Diminazene Aceturate-resistant Strain of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infection in Rats","authors":"I. C. Chukwudi, O. C. Omemgboji, B. Anene","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v17i4.186","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the efficacy of different chemotherapeutic regimes in the treatment of rats experimentally infected with diminazene aceturate-resistant strain Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Thirty Sprague Dawley male rats used for the study were randomly assigned to six groups of five rats eachas follows: group A-uninfected untreated (negative control), group B-infected and untreated (positive control), groups C-F were infected and treated with 1.0 mg/kg isometamidum chloride, administered intramuscularly on day 11 post-infection. However, rats in groups D, E and F received further treatments with 700 mg/kg sodium-ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, 0.4 mg/kg verapamil and 3 mg/kg chlorpromazine, respectively, administered orally for four days. Clearance of parasite post-treatment (PT), mortality PT, relapse parasitaemia post-clearance, body weight change, rectal temperature, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (HB) concentration and red blood cell count (RBC) were determined during the experiment. Result showed parasite clearance PT of 100% in groups D and E, 80% in group F and 20% in group C by 24 hours PT. The infection relapsed on day 35 PT in 40% of rats in group C, on day 37 PT in 20% of rats in group F and lastly 20% of rats in groups D and E on day 39 PT. Rats that received drug combination showed marginal improvement in erythrocytic parameters analysed when compared with those treatment with isometamidium alone. Combination therapy showed faster clearance of parasite from the blood and also prolonged relapse post-clearance, thus had a better promising efficacy when compared to using isometamiduim chloride alone.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89524552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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