Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.370
B. Alaba, J. Abiola, E. Olajide, D. Omoniwa
Colic is one of the most common medical problems that horse handlers or owners encounter, and also one of the most prevalent emergency conditions of veterinarians concern. The capacity of a handler or owner to recognize colic and seek help is a crucial step in determining the outcome of a case. The purpose of this study was to evaluate horse handlers' knowledge and opinions on recognizing colic. Structured open and close ended questionnaires were used to obtain information from 77 participants. Information on demographic, understanding and recognition of the normal horse, understanding and recognition of colic in the horse, personal experiences with colic and sources of information on colic were obtained. Free text box was also provided. Descriptive statistics and Chi square were the analytic methods used. Most horse handlers did not know or gave erroneous values for their horse's normal clinical parameters. Only 5% (n= 4/77), 12% (n=9/77) and 3% (n=2/77) of participants gave answers that fell within the reference range values for heart rate, rectal temperature and respiratory rate respectively. There was a significant association between knowledge of normal heart rate (P<0.05), respiratory rate (P<0.05) and rectal temperature (P<0.05), and participants level of education. Most horse handlers indicated they would check fecal output (90%; n = 70/77) and appetite (88%; n = 68/77) if they felt their horse had colic. Also, majority of the respondents said unless colic signs were severe and continuous, they would not call a veterinarian and prefer to ask other handlers or use their personal experience to get information on colic. In conclusion, horse handlers have a poor understanding of colic, with misunderstandings and gaps in their knowledge. Hence, the need for trainings and educational programmes are recommended for horse handlers to assist them in making decisions.
{"title":"Knowledge and Perceptions on recognizing Colic among Horse Handlers’ in Nigeria","authors":"B. Alaba, J. Abiola, E. Olajide, D. Omoniwa","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.370","url":null,"abstract":"Colic is one of the most common medical problems that horse handlers or owners encounter, and also one of the most prevalent emergency conditions of veterinarians concern. The capacity of a handler or owner to recognize colic and seek help is a crucial step in determining the outcome of a case. The purpose of this study was to evaluate horse handlers' knowledge and opinions on recognizing colic. Structured open and close ended questionnaires were used to obtain information from 77 participants. Information on demographic, understanding and recognition of the normal horse, understanding and recognition of colic in the horse, personal experiences with colic and sources of information on colic were obtained. Free text box was also provided. Descriptive statistics and Chi square were the analytic methods used. Most horse handlers did not know or gave erroneous values for their horse's normal clinical parameters. Only 5% (n= 4/77), 12% (n=9/77) and 3% (n=2/77) of participants gave answers that fell within the reference range values for heart rate, rectal temperature and respiratory rate respectively. There was a significant association between knowledge of normal heart rate (P<0.05), respiratory rate (P<0.05) and rectal temperature (P<0.05), and participants level of education. Most horse handlers indicated they would check fecal output (90%; n = 70/77) and appetite (88%; n = 68/77) if they felt their horse had colic. Also, majority of the respondents said unless colic signs were severe and continuous, they would not call a veterinarian and prefer to ask other handlers or use their personal experience to get information on colic. In conclusion, horse handlers have a poor understanding of colic, with misunderstandings and gaps in their knowledge. Hence, the need for trainings and educational programmes are recommended for horse handlers to assist them in making decisions.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83608165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.249
M. Rabiu, A. Natala, O. O. Okubanjo, R. David, S. Ola-Fadunsin, K. Hussain, I. Ganiyu, Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, N. Elelu, D. Sani, A. Y. Baba
Anaplasmosis, a disease caused by various species of Anaplasma, poses important economic constraints to animal breeders. In Zaria, molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens infecting cattle is very sketchy. Being hematophagous, ticks are capable of transmitting disease agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa. This study was carried out to detect for the presence of Anaplasma pathogen in the various tick species infesting white Fulani breeds of cattle owing to their high population in Zaria and environs using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Three hundred and eighty-four (n=384) white Fulani breed of cattle of varying age and sex were sampled from 32 herds in 4 villages (Bomo, Tofu, Ungwan Dabosa and Majeru). The DNA was extracted using Qiagen commercial kit following manufacturer’s instructions. Genomic DNA of the species of ticks was amplified in a semi-nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA fragment of the Anaplasma spp at expected amplicon size of 711bp. The PCR products were purified using Gel Extraction Kit (Bioland, Scientific LLC) following the manufacturer’s protocol. All sequences were subjected to a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to determined their identities and assess their homologues and similarities to those in the GenBank. A neighbor-joining tree was generated using the Molecular Engineering Genetic Analysis (MEGA 7.0) to derive the close relationship between the isolates. The result of this study implies that Anaplasma spp (MN044909) is present in all the five species of ticks infesting cattle in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria and pose a high risk on humans and animals health. Anaplasmosis, a disease caused by various species of Anaplasma, poses important economic constraints to animal breeders. In Zaria, molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens infecting cattle is very sketchy. Being hematophagous, ticks are capable of transmitting disease agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa. This study was carried out to detect for the presence of Anaplasma pathogen in the various tick species infesting white Fulani breeds of cattle owing to their high population in Zaria and environs using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Three hundred and eighty-four (n=384) white Fulani breed of cattle of varying age and sex were sampled from 32 herds in 4 villages (Bomo, Tofu, Ungwan Dabosa and Majeru). The DNA was extracted using Qiagen commercial kit following manufacturer’s instructions. Genomic DNA of the species of ticks was amplified in a semi-nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA fragment of the Anaplasma spp at expected amplicon size of 711bp. The PCR products were purified using Gel Extraction Kit (Bioland, Scientific LLC) following the manufacturer’s protocol. All sequences were subjected to a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to determined their identities and assess their homologues and similarities to those in the GenBank. A neighbor-joining tree was generated using the Molecular Engineering Genetic Analysis (M
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodid Ticks Infesting White Fulani Cattle in Zaria and its Environs, Kaduna State, Nigeria.","authors":"M. Rabiu, A. Natala, O. O. Okubanjo, R. David, S. Ola-Fadunsin, K. Hussain, I. Ganiyu, Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, N. Elelu, D. Sani, A. Y. Baba","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.249","url":null,"abstract":"Anaplasmosis, a disease caused by various species of Anaplasma, poses important economic constraints to animal breeders. In Zaria, molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens infecting cattle is very sketchy. Being hematophagous, ticks are capable of transmitting disease agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa. This study was carried out to detect for the presence of Anaplasma pathogen in the various tick species infesting white Fulani breeds of cattle owing to their high population in Zaria and environs using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Three hundred and eighty-four (n=384) white Fulani breed of cattle of varying age and sex were sampled from 32 herds in 4 villages (Bomo, Tofu, Ungwan Dabosa and Majeru). The DNA was extracted using Qiagen commercial kit following manufacturer’s instructions. Genomic DNA of the species of ticks was amplified in a semi-nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA fragment of the Anaplasma spp at expected amplicon size of 711bp. The PCR products were purified using Gel Extraction Kit (Bioland, Scientific LLC) following the manufacturer’s protocol. All sequences were subjected to a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to determined their identities and assess their homologues and similarities to those in the GenBank. A neighbor-joining tree was generated using the Molecular Engineering Genetic Analysis (MEGA 7.0) to derive the close relationship between the isolates. The result of this study implies that Anaplasma spp (MN044909) is present in all the five species of ticks infesting cattle in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria and pose a high risk on humans and animals health. \u0000Anaplasmosis, a disease caused by various species of Anaplasma, poses important economic constraints to animal breeders. In Zaria, molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens infecting cattle is very sketchy. Being hematophagous, ticks are capable of transmitting disease agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa. This study was carried out to detect for the presence of Anaplasma pathogen in the various tick species infesting white Fulani breeds of cattle owing to their high population in Zaria and environs using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Three hundred and eighty-four (n=384) white Fulani breed of cattle of varying age and sex were sampled from 32 herds in 4 villages (Bomo, Tofu, Ungwan Dabosa and Majeru). The DNA was extracted using Qiagen commercial kit following manufacturer’s instructions. Genomic DNA of the species of ticks was amplified in a semi-nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA fragment of the Anaplasma spp at expected amplicon size of 711bp. The PCR products were purified using Gel Extraction Kit (Bioland, Scientific LLC) following the manufacturer’s protocol. All sequences were subjected to a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to determined their identities and assess their homologues and similarities to those in the GenBank. A neighbor-joining tree was generated using the Molecular Engineering Genetic Analysis (M","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73605544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.363
I. Tekki, C. I. Odita, V. I. Ifende, C. Meseko, A. Bala, L. Konzing, T. E. Aneke, P. Ezekiel, M. Muhammad
The risk of rabies exposure via atypical means such as handling dogs that have uncertain vaccination status, handling/processing and eating dog meat make public enlightenment inevitable. A cross-sectional study was conducted among dog handlers, dog meat handlers, and consumers at dog sales/slaughter locations and sales points of dog meat in the three major dog markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were randomly administered to 150 respondents via face-to-face interviews or self-administered. Data collected were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® statistics version 23.0. Chi-squared test of association was conducted to determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and perceived risk of rabies exposure among respondents. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the strength of the association. Logistic regression models were statistically significant for the combination of sex and tertiary educational background to predict likelihood that respondents would eat all parts of dog meat, χ2 (2) = 7.023, P-value = 0.03. The effect size was between 6.2% (Cox and Snell R2) and 8.4% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in likelihood to eat all parts of dog meat and correctly classified as 60.9% of cases. Educational background was the only statistically significant predictor variable (p-value=0.016; 95% CI: 0.16– 0.83), as respondents in the higher educational cadre (tertiary) have a better perception of risk of rabies and are not likely to eat all parts of the dog meat nor a rabid dog. The study reveals the significance of taking appropriate actions to ensure rabies control and prevention, rather than having mere head knowledge of the disease. Strict policies against indiscriminate dog trade, uninspected slaughter, and improper processing of dog meat, are necessary steps to prevent disease incursions via atypical means.
通过非典型方式暴露狂犬病的风险，如处理接种疫苗情况不确定的狗，处理/加工和食用狗肉，使公众启蒙不可避免。在尼日利亚高原州的三个主要狗市场的狗销售/屠宰地点和狗肉销售点，对狗训训员、狗肉训训员和消费者进行了横断面研究。通过面对面访谈或自我填写的方式，随机对150名受访者进行结构化问卷调查。收集的数据使用IBM®SPSS®statistics version 23.0进行分析。采用卡方关联检验确定社会人口学特征与应答者狂犬病暴露感知风险之间的关系。使用二元逻辑回归模型来确定关联的强度。结合性别和高等教育程度的Logistic回归模型预测受访者吃狗肉的可能性有统计学意义，χ2 (2) = 7.023, p值= 0.03。效应量在6.2% (Cox and Snell R2)和8.4% (Nagelkerke R2)之间，正确分类为60.9%的病例。教育背景是唯一具有统计学意义的预测变量(p值=0.016;95% CI: 0.16 - 0.83)，因为高等教育干部(大专)的受访者对狂犬病风险有更好的认识，他们不太可能吃狗肉的所有部分，也不太可能吃患狂犬病的狗。这项研究揭示了采取适当行动以确保狂犬病控制和预防的重要性，而不是仅仅对这种疾病有初步的了解。严格的政策禁止滥用狗只交易、未经检查的屠宰和不当处理狗肉，是防止疾病通过非典型途径入侵的必要步骤。
{"title":"Assessment of Perception of Rabies Infection Risk among Dog Handlers and Dog Meat Consumers in Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"I. Tekki, C. I. Odita, V. I. Ifende, C. Meseko, A. Bala, L. Konzing, T. E. Aneke, P. Ezekiel, M. Muhammad","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.363","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of rabies exposure via atypical means such as handling dogs that have uncertain vaccination status, handling/processing and eating dog meat make public enlightenment inevitable. A cross-sectional study was conducted among dog handlers, dog meat handlers, and consumers at dog sales/slaughter locations and sales points of dog meat in the three major dog markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were randomly administered to 150 respondents via face-to-face interviews or self-administered. Data collected were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® statistics version 23.0. Chi-squared test of association was conducted to determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and perceived risk of rabies exposure among respondents. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the strength of the association. Logistic regression models were statistically significant for the combination of sex and tertiary educational background to predict likelihood that respondents would eat all parts of dog meat, χ2 (2) = 7.023, P-value = 0.03. The effect size was between 6.2% (Cox and Snell R2) and 8.4% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in likelihood to eat all parts of dog meat and correctly classified as 60.9% of cases. Educational background was the only statistically significant predictor variable (p-value=0.016; 95% CI: 0.16– 0.83), as respondents in the higher educational cadre (tertiary) have a better perception of risk of rabies and are not likely to eat all parts of the dog meat nor a rabid dog. The study reveals the significance of taking appropriate actions to ensure rabies control and prevention, rather than having mere head knowledge of the disease. Strict policies against indiscriminate dog trade, uninspected slaughter, and improper processing of dog meat, are necessary steps to prevent disease incursions via atypical means.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87688026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.361
H. Mana, A. Mutah, D. Laku, D. L. Mohzo, I. Ahmed, G. Bolbonga
Wound healing is of paramount importance in Veterinary Surgery whenever skin integrity is breached. The faster the healing rate, the better chances to mitigate contamination and infections. There is paucity of information on the use of hyaluronic acid in wound healing in Veterinary medicine. Twenty (20) clinically healthy Wister rats of both sexes were randomly grouped in to four groups (A, B, C, D) of five rats each and allowed to acclimatize for two weeks. Anesthesia was carried out using a combination of xylazine and ketamine at a dosage rate of 5mg/kg and 50mg/kg respectively, intraperitoneal. Circular skin excision was made on each rat after shaving and scrubbing using 70% ethyl alcohol. Group A rats served as negative control while group B and C served as positive controls povidone iodine and oxytetracycline spray were applied topically respectively, group D served as test group where hyaluronic acid serum was applied topically, healing was monitored for 18 days. Results (macroscopy and histology) shows group D having significant healing rate (p<0.05) compared to A, B and C. Hyaluronic acid serum used in this study was seen to have a significant wound healing contraction potential compared to povidone iodine, oxytetracycline spray and the negative control.
{"title":"Effect of Serum Hyaluronic Acid on Wound Healing in Wister Rats","authors":"H. Mana, A. Mutah, D. Laku, D. L. Mohzo, I. Ahmed, G. Bolbonga","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i2.361","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing is of paramount importance in Veterinary Surgery whenever skin integrity is breached. The faster the healing rate, the better chances to mitigate contamination and infections. There is paucity of information on the use of hyaluronic acid in wound healing in Veterinary medicine. Twenty (20) clinically healthy Wister rats of both sexes were randomly grouped in to four groups (A, B, C, D) of five rats each and allowed to acclimatize for two weeks. Anesthesia was carried out using a combination of xylazine and ketamine at a dosage rate of 5mg/kg and 50mg/kg respectively, intraperitoneal. Circular skin excision was made on each rat after shaving and scrubbing using 70% ethyl alcohol. Group A rats served as negative control while group B and C served as positive controls povidone iodine and oxytetracycline spray were applied topically respectively, group D served as test group where hyaluronic acid serum was applied topically, healing was monitored for 18 days. Results (macroscopy and histology) shows group D having significant healing rate (p<0.05) compared to A, B and C. Hyaluronic acid serum used in this study was seen to have a significant wound healing contraction potential compared to povidone iodine, oxytetracycline spray and the negative control.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77425885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.347
R. Gapsiso, M. A. Umar, A. Mohammed
The study determined the anaesthetic and physiological effects of Acepromazine-Butorphanol-Propofol (ABP-combination) and propofol alone (PRO alone) in dogs. Ten clinically healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups to evaluate the anaesthetic and physiological effects following ABP-combination and PRO-alone anaesthesia administered intravenously (iv). Acepromazine at 0.02mg/kg and Butorphanol at 0.05mg/kg iv were used to premedicate the dogs and Propofol at 4mg/kg for induction five minutes after premedication in ABP-combination group while Propofol alone at 6mg/kg for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) induction without premedication. Onset of anaesthesia, duration of anaesthesia time to standing, onset and duration of analgesia and duration of intubation were measured, whereas temperature, heart rate and respiratory rates were measured before induction of anaesthesia and at five minutes interval during anaesthesia. All the anaesthetic indices were significantly (p<0.05) different between groups while onset and duration of analgesia was recorded in ABP group only. Significantly (p<0.05) longer duration of anaesthesia was produced by ABP-combination compared with PRO-alone. Time to standing were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two treatments. The onset and duration of analgesia was 5.0±2.0 and 33.6±3.2 min. following ABP-combination but no analgesia recorded with PRO-alone. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in rectal temperature and respiratory rate from the baseline in ABP-combination group but not significant in PRO-alone group. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in heart rates between groups. ABP-combination TIVA provided longer duration of anaesthesia and analgesia with minimal effects on vital parameters. The dogs recovered from the anaesthesia uneventfully. The ABP-combination can be evaluated for clinical procedures in dog.
{"title":"Evaluation of Anaesthetic Indices and Physiological Variables Following Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with Acepromazine-Butorphanol-Propofol Combination in Dogs","authors":"R. Gapsiso, M. A. Umar, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.347","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the anaesthetic and physiological effects of Acepromazine-Butorphanol-Propofol (ABP-combination) and propofol alone (PRO alone) in dogs. Ten clinically healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups to evaluate the anaesthetic and physiological effects following ABP-combination and PRO-alone anaesthesia administered intravenously (iv). Acepromazine at 0.02mg/kg and Butorphanol at 0.05mg/kg iv were used to premedicate the dogs and Propofol at 4mg/kg for induction five minutes after premedication in ABP-combination group while Propofol alone at 6mg/kg for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) induction without premedication. Onset of anaesthesia, duration of anaesthesia time to standing, onset and duration of analgesia and duration of intubation were measured, whereas temperature, heart rate and respiratory rates were measured before induction of anaesthesia and at five minutes interval during anaesthesia. All the anaesthetic indices were significantly (p<0.05) different between groups while onset and duration of analgesia was recorded in ABP group only. Significantly (p<0.05) longer duration of anaesthesia was produced by ABP-combination compared with PRO-alone. Time to standing were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two treatments. The onset and duration of analgesia was 5.0±2.0 and 33.6±3.2 min. following ABP-combination but no analgesia recorded with PRO-alone. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in rectal temperature and respiratory rate from the baseline in ABP-combination group but not significant in PRO-alone group. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in heart rates between groups. ABP-combination TIVA provided longer duration of anaesthesia and analgesia with minimal effects on vital parameters. The dogs recovered from the anaesthesia uneventfully. The ABP-combination can be evaluated for clinical procedures in dog.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88445511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.308
N. Alhaji, M. Aliyu, A. Adamu, A. M. Adeiza, W. Nafarnda, A. Usman, I. A. Odetokun, A. Hassan, M. K. Lawan, F. Fasina
Abattoirs have been risk points for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with far-reaching implications. We assessed abattoir workers’ knowledge and risk perceptions in line with the Health Belief Model premise, and preventive preparedness towards the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as identified factors associated with its spread at slaughterhouses. A structured questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected workers (n=660) in 11 conveniently selected abattoirs in North-central Nigeria, between January and December 2021. Statistical analysis was performed at a 95% confidence level using OpenEpi 3.1. The majority (96.1%, n=634) of selected workers participated. Most workers (88.9%) were males, and 56.5% were married. Only 24.6% had tertiary education and 48.4% were butchers. Only 33.4% of the workers mentioned that COVID-19 can affect animals, while all (100.0%) reported that it can affect humans. Few of the workers practice handshake avoidance (46.1%), handwashing with soap and water (26.5%), use of hand sanitizer (21.3%), physical distancing (16.6%), and PPE (28.5%) as preventive measures, while the majority use face masks (76.8%). Age, gender, formal education, and occupation were significantly associated with knowledge, perceptions, and preventive practices toward COVID-19. Lack of physical distancing was more likely (OR=6.36; 95% CI: 3.76–10.76) to influence COVID-19 spread, while lack of PPE was 12 times more likely (OR=12.53; 95% CI: 8.01–19.63) to influence the spread of the disease in slaughterhouses. The study highlighted overall poor knowledge, perceptions, and preventive practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic amongst surveyed workers. Application of the ‘One Health’ approach mitigation would assure food safety, food security, public and environmental health.
{"title":"Assessment of Abattoir Workers’ Knowledge, Perceptions and Preventive Preparedness during COVID-19 Pandemic in North-central Nigeria: The Health Belief Model","authors":"N. Alhaji, M. Aliyu, A. Adamu, A. M. Adeiza, W. Nafarnda, A. Usman, I. A. Odetokun, A. Hassan, M. K. Lawan, F. Fasina","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.308","url":null,"abstract":"Abattoirs have been risk points for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with far-reaching implications. We assessed abattoir workers’ knowledge and risk perceptions in line with the Health Belief Model premise, and preventive preparedness towards the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as identified factors associated with its spread at slaughterhouses. A structured questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected workers (n=660) in 11 conveniently selected abattoirs in North-central Nigeria, between January and December 2021. Statistical analysis was performed at a 95% confidence level using OpenEpi 3.1. The majority (96.1%, n=634) of selected workers participated. Most workers (88.9%) were males, and 56.5% were married. Only 24.6% had tertiary education and 48.4% were butchers. Only 33.4% of the workers mentioned that COVID-19 can affect animals, while all (100.0%) reported that it can affect humans. Few of the workers practice handshake avoidance (46.1%), handwashing with soap and water (26.5%), use of hand sanitizer (21.3%), physical distancing (16.6%), and PPE (28.5%) as preventive measures, while the majority use face masks (76.8%). Age, gender, formal education, and occupation were significantly associated with knowledge, perceptions, and preventive practices toward COVID-19. Lack of physical distancing was more likely (OR=6.36; 95% CI: 3.76–10.76) to influence COVID-19 spread, while lack of PPE was 12 times more likely (OR=12.53; 95% CI: 8.01–19.63) to influence the spread of the disease in slaughterhouses. The study highlighted overall poor knowledge, perceptions, and preventive practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic amongst surveyed workers. Application of the ‘One Health’ approach mitigation would assure food safety, food security, public and environmental health.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87542460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.343
R. Onoja, A. Ogara, J. Ihedioha, S. Shoyinka
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Calocybe indica extract (CLE) on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced hematological changes and oxidative stress in rats. The rats were grouped into six equal groups of ten rats each as follows:(a) control, (b) TP 3 mg/kg only, (c) 3mg/kg TP+ 5 mg/kg finasteride, (d) 3 mg/kg TP+250 mg/kg CLE, (e) 3 mg/kg TP+ 500 mg/kg CLE and (f) 3 mg/kg TP+1000 mg/kg CLE. The rats were administered TP subcutaneously for 28 days to induce benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and simultaneously administered three graded doses of CLE, and finasteride as the standard drug. Hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological examination of the prostate were assessed. BPH induction showed higher red blood cells (RBCs) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte count as well as lower catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The simultaneous oral administration of CLE with testosterone injection did not significantly lower RBC count, Hb concentration and PCV but significantly lowered serum PSA and MDA. There was also a significantly higher WBC count, lymphocyte count, CAT and SOD activities. The results from this study suggest that dietary consumption of Calocybe indica, a mushroom with high antioxidant activity ameliorated BPH induced oxidative tissue damage and hematological alterations.
{"title":"Effects of Calocybe indica Mushroom on Oxidative Stress and Hematological Alterations in Rats with Testosterone-induced Experimental Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","authors":"R. Onoja, A. Ogara, J. Ihedioha, S. Shoyinka","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.343","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Calocybe indica extract (CLE) on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced hematological changes and oxidative stress in rats. The rats were grouped into six equal groups of ten rats each as follows:(a) control, (b) TP 3 mg/kg only, (c) 3mg/kg TP+ 5 mg/kg finasteride, (d) 3 mg/kg TP+250 mg/kg CLE, (e) 3 mg/kg TP+ 500 mg/kg CLE and (f) 3 mg/kg TP+1000 mg/kg CLE. The rats were administered TP subcutaneously for 28 days to induce benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and simultaneously administered three graded doses of CLE, and finasteride as the standard drug. Hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological examination of the prostate were assessed. BPH induction showed higher red blood cells (RBCs) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte count as well as lower catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The simultaneous oral administration of CLE with testosterone injection did not significantly lower RBC count, Hb concentration and PCV but significantly lowered serum PSA and MDA. There was also a significantly higher WBC count, lymphocyte count, CAT and SOD activities. The results from this study suggest that dietary consumption of Calocybe indica, a mushroom with high antioxidant activity ameliorated BPH induced oxidative tissue damage and hematological alterations.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89916536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.373
A. M. Saidu, J. O. Olorunfemi, D. Laku
Infrared thermography analyzes changes in the surface temperature of the skin and has been used in companion animals to identify inflammatory processes, neoplasia, pain, and neuropathies. This study evaluated and compared surgical wound surface temperatures in Nigerian Indigenous Dogs (NID). Nigerian indigenous dogs are a medium-sized breed that weighs between 8 to 30 kg with moderate hair length, and a mesocephalic cranial index. The dogs were randomly allocated into groups A, B, and C for castration, otectomy, and gastrotomy, respectively. The wound surface temperature (WST) in the NID that underwent gastrotomy were significantly higher particularly at 18-48 h compared with Pre and other sampling periods within the group. It was also found that, at 0 h versus 48 h, 18 h versus 48 h, week 1 versus 18h; 24h; 48h; and 72h showed significant (p < 0.05) differences among NID subjected to gastrotomy (group C). However, the WST of NID subjected to castration and otectomy were significantly higher than that of gastrotomy. At 48 and 72 h, and week 1, the WST of NID in otectomy also known as ear cropping (group B) and castration (group A) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of gastrotomy (Group C). Thermography of the surgical wounds aided postoperative wound management in the NID that underwent castration, otectomy and gastrotomy. Hence, the study suggests that guided WST with the aid of infrared thermography could be deployed as a useful tool to aid post operative wound management.
红外热成像分析皮肤表面温度的变化，并已在伴侣动物中用于识别炎症过程、肿瘤、疼痛和神经病变。本研究评估并比较了尼日利亚土着犬(NID)的手术伤口表面温度。尼日利亚本土犬是一个中型品种，体重在8到30公斤之间，毛发长度适中，头部指数中等。随机分为A、B、C组，分别行去势、切除卵巢和胃切除术。与胃切除术前和组内其他采样周期相比，胃切除术后NID的创面温度(WST)在18-48 h显著升高，尤其是在18-48 h。我们还发现，在0 h vs 48 h, 18h vs 48 h，第1周vs 18h;24小时;48小时;胃切除术组(C组)的WST和72h差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)，而去势和切除子宫组的WST显著高于胃切除术组。在48、72 h和第1周，切除耳朵组(B组)和阉割组(A组)NID的WST显著(p < 0.05)高于胃切除组(C组)。手术创面热成像辅助阉割、切除耳朵和胃切除术NID的术后创面处理。因此，该研究表明，在红外热成像的帮助下，引导WST可以作为一种有用的工具来帮助术后伤口管理。
{"title":"Infrared Thermography following Castration, Otectomy and Gastrotomy in Nigerian Indigenous Dogs","authors":"A. M. Saidu, J. O. Olorunfemi, D. Laku","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.373","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared thermography analyzes changes in the surface temperature of the skin and has been used in companion animals to identify inflammatory processes, neoplasia, pain, and neuropathies. This study evaluated and compared surgical wound surface temperatures in Nigerian Indigenous Dogs (NID). Nigerian indigenous dogs are a medium-sized breed that weighs between 8 to 30 kg with moderate hair length, and a mesocephalic cranial index. The dogs were randomly allocated into groups A, B, and C for castration, otectomy, and gastrotomy, respectively. The wound surface temperature (WST) in the NID that underwent gastrotomy were significantly higher particularly at 18-48 h compared with Pre and other sampling periods within the group. It was also found that, at 0 h versus 48 h, 18 h versus 48 h, week 1 versus 18h; 24h; 48h; and 72h showed significant (p < 0.05) differences among NID subjected to gastrotomy (group C). However, the WST of NID subjected to castration and otectomy were significantly higher than that of gastrotomy. At 48 and 72 h, and week 1, the WST of NID in otectomy also known as ear cropping (group B) and castration (group A) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of gastrotomy (Group C). Thermography of the surgical wounds aided postoperative wound management in the NID that underwent castration, otectomy and gastrotomy. Hence, the study suggests that guided WST with the aid of infrared thermography could be deployed as a useful tool to aid post operative wound management. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86234502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.355
A. Y. Baba, S. Saidu, B. Kaltungo, S. Ibrahim, U. Buhari
Q fever is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetiiwith global epidemiology. Transmission of the disease in humans is mainly via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria and consumption of contaminated unpasteurized milk, while in animals it is through ingestion of contaminated pasture during grazing by susceptible animals. The disease is usually asymptomatic in animals, but has been implicated in abortion, stillbirths, endometritis, mastitis and infertility. In humans, it manifests as acute and chronic forms with the acute form having signs as self-limiting flu-like syndrome, pneumonia and hepatitis. Diagnosis is mainly through serology using ELISA, CFT, dot immunoblotting, and molecular assay. This study aimed at reviewing the literature to provide relevant information on the epidemiology and risk factors of Coxiella infection in Nigeria. The disease had been reported in all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria and it is said to have no breed, sex and age predisposition. Some of the risk factors identified to play vital roles in the epidemiology of the disease in Nigeria include husbandry and management practices, transboundary transfer of animals, poor hygiene at abattoirs as well as poor knowledge, attitude, and practices by livestock owners and abattoir personnel. It is recommended that there should be public enlightenment along with continuous education of stakeholders in the livestock industry on the significance of the disease.
{"title":"The Epidemiology of Coxiella infections in Domestic Animals and Humans in Nigeria: A Review","authors":"A. Y. Baba, S. Saidu, B. Kaltungo, S. Ibrahim, U. Buhari","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.355","url":null,"abstract":"Q fever is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetiiwith global epidemiology. Transmission of the disease in humans is mainly via inhalation of aerosolized bacteria and consumption of contaminated unpasteurized milk, while in animals it is through ingestion of contaminated pasture during grazing by susceptible animals. The disease is usually asymptomatic in animals, but has been implicated in abortion, stillbirths, endometritis, mastitis and infertility. In humans, it manifests as acute and chronic forms with the acute form having signs as self-limiting flu-like syndrome, pneumonia and hepatitis. Diagnosis is mainly through serology using ELISA, CFT, dot immunoblotting, and molecular assay. This study aimed at reviewing the literature to provide relevant information on the epidemiology and risk factors of Coxiella infection in Nigeria. The disease had been reported in all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria and it is said to have no breed, sex and age predisposition. Some of the risk factors identified to play vital roles in the epidemiology of the disease in Nigeria include husbandry and management practices, transboundary transfer of animals, poor hygiene at abattoirs as well as poor knowledge, attitude, and practices by livestock owners and abattoir personnel. It is recommended that there should be public enlightenment along with continuous education of stakeholders in the livestock industry on the significance of the disease.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81893867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.345
A. Aremu, A. Oridupa, A. Basiru, J. Akorede, O. A. Ahmed
This study evaluated the safety of bioactive labelled sub-fraction of Lawsonia inermis in male Wistar rats. Twenty male rats were used for this study of five rats per group. Three groups were administered methanol bioactive sub-fraction of Lawsonia inermis at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg for fourteen days while control received distilled water orally. Physiological weight increased in all treatment groups. The group fed with 10 mg/kg had the highest weight gain compared to other treatment groups and the control. Relative organ weight of the heart, liver, kidneys, testes and pancreas did not increase (p>0.05) in all the treatment groups except the pancreas in the group fed with 5 mg/kg that increased significantly (p<0.05). The sperm count in rats fed at dose rate of 10 mg/kg increased significantly (p<0.01) compared to other treatment groups. There were no significant differences in sperm motility, volume and live/dead ratio in the treatment groups compared to control. Haematological parameters such as, PCV, RBC, WBC and haemoglobin concentration were not significantly different compared to control. The AST increased significantly (p<0.01) while urea and creatinine decreased significantly (p<0.001) in group fed with 2.5 mg/kg. 5 mg/kg showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in total protein, urea and ALP while ALT increased significantly. Serum chloride ion at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with other treatment groups. Sodium ion (Na+) decreased significantly (p<0.01), while Bicarbonates (HCO3-) increased significantly in the 5 mg/kg group. It was concluded that the bioactive sub-fraction of Lawsonia. inermis was safe at the administered dosages.
{"title":"Safety Evaluation of bioactive Sub-Fraction of Lawsonia inermis Linn leaves in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Aremu, A. Oridupa, A. Basiru, J. Akorede, O. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i1.345","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the safety of bioactive labelled sub-fraction of Lawsonia inermis in male Wistar rats. Twenty male rats were used for this study of five rats per group. Three groups were administered methanol bioactive sub-fraction of Lawsonia inermis at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg for fourteen days while control received distilled water orally. Physiological weight increased in all treatment groups. The group fed with 10 mg/kg had the highest weight gain compared to other treatment groups and the control. Relative organ weight of the heart, liver, kidneys, testes and pancreas did not increase (p>0.05) in all the treatment groups except the pancreas in the group fed with 5 mg/kg that increased significantly (p<0.05). The sperm count in rats fed at dose rate of 10 mg/kg increased significantly (p<0.01) compared to other treatment groups. There were no significant differences in sperm motility, volume and live/dead ratio in the treatment groups compared to control. Haematological parameters such as, PCV, RBC, WBC and haemoglobin concentration were not significantly different compared to control. The AST increased significantly (p<0.01) while urea and creatinine decreased significantly (p<0.001) in group fed with 2.5 mg/kg. 5 mg/kg showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in total protein, urea and ALP while ALT increased significantly. Serum chloride ion at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with other treatment groups. Sodium ion (Na+) decreased significantly (p<0.01), while Bicarbonates (HCO3-) increased significantly in the 5 mg/kg group. It was concluded that the bioactive sub-fraction of Lawsonia. inermis was safe at the administered dosages.","PeriodicalId":21527,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73819865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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