Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050105
Arun Dev Sharma, Inderjeet Kaur, Ravneet Kaur, Amrita Chauhan
Abstract
Melaleuca is a well-known genus of the Myrtaceae family, one of the major plant families with a high concentration of essential oils. The Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), a genus of aromatic and herbaceous trees that belongs to the Myrtaceae family, is well known to produce herbal essential oils owing to the presence of therapeutic and medicinal elements in the plant’s by-products. In the present study, tea tree essential oil (TTEO) was extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia and was evaluated for its phytochemicals, antifungal, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. GC-FID analysis and fingerprint analysis were performed. Different antioxidant assays were performed like DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical, iron-reducing potential, iron chelating activity. Antibacterial activity was observed by the disk diffusion method against gram-positive (G+) and gram-negative (G−) bacteria. Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were also performed. Antifungal activity against “Aspergillosis” and “Mucormycosis” causing fungal strains was also evaluated. GC-FID revealed the presence of α-terpineol, a major component of TTEO, along with other bioactive components. The IC50 value for various assays was observed in the following order: Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (7.4486), DPPH (34.0961), ABTS (38.9952), Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (47.4052). The best antimicrobial activity was against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160) with an inhibition zone of 0.9 cm. TTEO showed strong anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential and can be employed as an antidiabetic agent due to its inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity. Based on these findings, it was concluded that TTEO can be widely employed across various sectors, including aromatherapy, herbal and allopathic medicine, cosmetics, and as a natural biocide, fungicide, and preservative.
{"title":"Essential Oil from Melaleuca alternifolia: Aromatic Profiling, Phytochemical Analysis and Assessment of Diverse Biological Activities","authors":"Arun Dev Sharma, Inderjeet Kaur, Ravneet Kaur, Amrita Chauhan","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050105","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Melaleuca is a well-known genus of the Myrtaceae family, one of the major plant families with a high concentration of essential oils. The Australian tea tree (<i>Melaleuca alternifolia</i>), a genus of aromatic and herbaceous trees that belongs to the Myrtaceae family, is well known to produce herbal essential oils owing to the presence of therapeutic and medicinal elements in the plant’s by-products. In the present study, tea tree essential oil (TTEO) was extracted from <i>Melaleuca alternifolia</i> and was evaluated for its phytochemicals, antifungal, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. GC-FID analysis and fingerprint analysis were performed. Different antioxidant assays were performed like DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), nitric oxide radical, hydroxyl radical, iron-reducing potential, iron chelating activity. Antibacterial activity was observed by the disk diffusion method against gram-positive (G<sup>+</sup>) and gram-negative (G<sup>−</sup>) bacteria. Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were also performed. Antifungal activity against “Aspergillosis” and “Mucormycosis” causing fungal strains was also evaluated. GC-FID revealed the presence of α-terpineol, a major component of TTEO, along with other bioactive components. The IC50 value for various assays was observed in the following order: Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (7.4486), DPPH (34.0961), ABTS (38.9952), Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (47.4052). The best antimicrobial activity was against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MTCC 3160) with an inhibition zone of 0.9 cm. TTEO showed strong anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential and can be employed as an antidiabetic agent due to its inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity. Based on these findings, it was concluded that TTEO can be widely employed across various sectors, including aromatherapy, herbal and allopathic medicine, cosmetics, and as a natural biocide, fungicide, and preservative.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050026
N. A. Bezborodova, M. V. Bytov, N. A. Martynov, O. V. Sokolova, M. V. Petropavlovsky, S. V. Volskaya
Abstract
BoLA-DRB3 is a part of the major histocompatibility complex characterized by more than 100 polymorphic sites within the exon 2. This gene is associated with immunological traits and resistance or susceptibility to various diseases as well as with productive traits and milk quality in cattle. The purpose of the study was a primary evaluation of the allelic polymorphism in BoLA-DRB3 exon 2 in the Ural region using nested PCR and RFLP-PCR. The objects of the study were Holstein cows (n = 55). Restriction fragment lengths were determined by the agarose gel electrophoresis. According to the BoLA-DRB3.2 genotyping, the most common genotypes were *23/*24, *24/*24, *16/*16, *24/*28, and *9/*38 (distribution frequency from 8.9 to 26.5%); other genotypes (*24/*38, *24/*9, *2/*37, *16/*26) were characterized by a lower distribution frequency. The majority of identified alleles (*2, *9, *26, *37, *38) in the studied sampling were earlier proven to be neutral. In the studied population, the genomes associated with the susceptibility or resistance to the leukemia virus were revealed in 56 and 29% of animals, respectively; 15% of animals were characterized by a neutral genotype. Based on these results, one can conclude about the necessity of genetic screening of cattle populations for the BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism, especially in regions that are epidemiologically unfavorable in relation to leukemia. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs to enrich cattle herds with alleles associated with the resistance to the bovine leukemia virus.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Distribution Frequency of the Variants of Allelic Polymorphism in the BoLA-DRB3 Exon 2 Using RFLP-PCR","authors":"N. A. Bezborodova, M. V. Bytov, N. A. Martynov, O. V. Sokolova, M. V. Petropavlovsky, S. V. Volskaya","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050026","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>BoLA-DRB3</i> is a part of the major histocompatibility complex characterized by more than 100 polymorphic sites within the exon 2. This gene is associated with immunological traits and resistance or susceptibility to various diseases as well as with productive traits and milk quality in cattle. The purpose of the study was a primary evaluation of the allelic polymorphism in <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> exon 2 in the Ural region using nested PCR and RFLP-PCR. The objects of the study were Holstein cows (<i>n</i> = 55). Restriction fragment lengths were determined by the agarose gel electrophoresis. According to the BoLA-DRB3.2 genotyping, the most common genotypes were *23/*24, *24/*24, *16/*16, *24/*28, and *9/*38 (distribution frequency from 8.9 to 26.5%); other genotypes (*24/*38, *24/*9, *2/*37, *16/*26) were characterized by a lower distribution frequency. The majority of identified alleles (*2, *9, *26, *37, *38) in the studied sampling were earlier proven to be neutral. In the studied population, the genomes associated with the susceptibility or resistance to the leukemia virus were revealed in 56 and 29% of animals, respectively; 15% of animals were characterized by a neutral genotype. Based on these results, one can conclude about the necessity of genetic screening of cattle populations for the <i>BoLA</i>-<i>DRB3</i> polymorphism, especially in regions that are epidemiologically unfavorable in relation to leukemia. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs to enrich cattle herds with alleles associated with the resistance to the bovine leukemia virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050075
A. N. Gulov, I. N. Kolchaeva
Abstract
The main purpose of preservation of drone sperm is to use such sperm for instrumental insemination of queen bees, which will reproduce many worker bees, as well as queens, do after natural mating. Preservation of honey bee drone sperm can occur through cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen and at temperatures above freezing. The use of antibiotic and antioxidant can reduce or prevent the microbial contamination of drone sperm during long-term storage at temperatures above freezing. The purpose of this study was to compare the viability, motility and fertility of undiluted sperm stored at a temperature of 3°C without antibiotics and antioxidants for a year or more. Undiluted semen was stored in sealed capillary tubes for 365 and 425 days. The survival of spermatozoa was assessed by total motility and by staining with 1% eosin. Preserved drone sperm after long-term storage in cooled form has an average viability of 53.7% (47.9–78%) and a total sperm motility of 14.1% (0–30%) on average. Virgin queen bees artificially inseminated with stored sperm laid fertile eggs. However, some of these fertile eggs hatched drone larvae. We found drone pupae that were located in worker cages with capped worker. The hypothesis is proposed that long-term storage at a temperature above freezing (3°C) can produce functional changes in drone spermatozoa. Some possible effects of these functional changes in spermatozoa may be hatched diploid drones.
{"title":"Long-Term Cooling (for a Year or More) the Sperm of Honey Bee Drones","authors":"A. N. Gulov, I. N. Kolchaeva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050075","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The main purpose of preservation of drone sperm is to use such sperm for instrumental insemination of queen bees, which will reproduce many worker bees, as well as queens, do after natural mating. Preservation of honey bee drone sperm can occur through cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen and at temperatures above freezing. The use of antibiotic and antioxidant can reduce or prevent the microbial contamination of drone sperm during long-term storage at temperatures above freezing. The purpose of this study was to compare the viability, motility and fertility of undiluted sperm stored at a temperature of 3°C without antibiotics and antioxidants for a year or more. Undiluted semen was stored in sealed capillary tubes for 365 and 425 days. The survival of spermatozoa was assessed by total motility and by staining with 1% eosin. Preserved drone sperm after long-term storage in cooled form has an average viability of 53.7% (47.9–78%) and a total sperm motility of 14.1% (0–30%) on average. Virgin queen bees artificially inseminated with stored sperm laid fertile eggs. However, some of these fertile eggs hatched drone larvae. We found drone pupae that were located in worker cages with capped worker. The hypothesis is proposed that long-term storage at a temperature above freezing (3°C) can produce functional changes in drone spermatozoa. Some possible effects of these functional changes in spermatozoa may be hatched diploid drones.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050154
N. G. Vlasenko, S. V. Burlakova, M. T. Egorycheva
Abstract
The study is concerned with an assessment of the effectiveness of application of biofungicides in the spring wheat cultivation. Studies were carried out on the experimental field of the plant protection department of the Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences located in the forest-steppe zone in Novosibirsk oblast in 2019–2021. The potential for application of the microbiological formulations Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, and Fitosporin-M was investigated in terms of protection of spring wheat against diseases using the cultivar Novosibirskaya 31. The study assessed the effect of the biological formulations on the development of leaf diseases as well as on the growth processes and yield of wheat. Leaf infection development was at a moderate level. At the beginning of milk level of grain maturity, effectiveness (efficacy) against Septoria-caused disease (STB) reached 47.3% with Fitosporin-M, 67.7% with the fungicide Titul DUO, and 31.2–75.3% in combination with the seed treatment. The efficacy of seed treatment with Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, and Scarlet and crop treatment with the fungicide Titul DUO against powdery mildew ranged from 6.7 to 52.2% and from 82.6 to 95.6% against leaf rust. Treatment of planted wheat with Fitosporin-M and its combination with the seed pretreatment did not have a delaying effect on these leaf diseases. Expansion of the flag leaf area in the experiment ranged within 9.4–41.9% relative to control (11.7 cm2) and peaked in Trichodermin + Titul DUO and Sporobacterin + Titul DUO variants. Treatment of seeds and growing wheat with the formulations influenced the wheat spike structure. Combination of seed treatment and application of the biological formulations Fitosporin-M and Titul DUO to wheat plants led to an increase in spike length (by 8.1–17.9%), number of spikelets (by 6.1–14.4%) and grains (by 21.8–43.4%) per spike, and weight of grains per spike (by 28.9–61.1%). Thousand-grain weight appreciably increased by 2.7–14% in all experimental variants. Variants with Trichodermin + Titul DUO, Sporobacterin + Titul DUO, and Scarlet + Titul DUO were comparable by yield; furthermore, they ensured gain in the cereal harvest of 0.75, 0.72, and 0.8 t/ha, respectively. Treatment of wheat plants with Fitosporin-M and Titul DUO resulted in additional 0.25 and 0.66 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control (2.31 t/ha).
摘要 本研究旨在评估在春小麦种植中施用生物杀菌剂的效果。研究于 2019-2021 年在位于新西伯利亚州森林草原区的俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚联邦农业生物技术研究中心植物保护部实验场进行。研究了微生物制剂 Trichodermin、Sporobacterin 和 Fitosporin-M 在保护新西伯利亚 31 号春小麦免受病害侵袭方面的应用潜力。研究评估了生物制剂对叶片病害发展以及小麦生长过程和产量的影响。叶片病害发展处于中等水平。在谷物成熟初期，Fitosporin-M 对七叶病（STB）的防治效果（药效）达到 47.3%，杀菌剂 Titul DUO 的防治效果达到 67.7%，与种子处理剂结合使用的防治效果达到 31.2-75.3%。用 Trichodermin、Sporobacterin 和 Scarlet 对种子进行处理，再用杀菌剂 Titul DUO 对作物进行处理，对白粉病的防效为 6.7% 至 52.2%，对叶锈病的防效为 82.6% 至 95.6%。用 Fitosporin-M 处理种植的小麦以及将其与种子预处理结合使用，对这些叶部病害没有延缓作用。与对照组（11.7 平方厘米）相比，试验中旗叶面积扩大了 9.4% 至 41.9%，在 Trichodermin + Titul DUO 和 Sporobacterin + Titul DUO 变体中达到顶峰。用这些制剂处理种子和生长中的小麦会影响小麦穗的结构。将种子处理与对小麦植株施用生物制剂 Fitosporin-M 和 Titul DUO 结合使用，可增加穗长（8.1-17.9%）、每穗小穗数（6.1-14.4%）和穗粒数（21.8-43.4%）以及每穗粒重（28.9-61.1%）。所有试验变种的千粒重都明显增加了 2.7-14%。使用 Trichodermin + Titul DUO、Sporobacterin + Titul DUO 和 Scarlet + Titul DUO 的变种产量相当；此外，它们分别确保了 0.75 吨/公顷、0.72 吨/公顷和 0.8 吨/公顷的谷物收成。与对照组（2.31 吨/公顷）相比，用 Fitosporin-M 和 Titul DUO 处理小麦植株可分别增产 0.25 吨/公顷和 0.66 吨/公顷。
{"title":"Biofungicides in the Spring Wheat Cultivation Practices","authors":"N. G. Vlasenko, S. V. Burlakova, M. T. Egorycheva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050154","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study is concerned with an assessment of the effectiveness of application of biofungicides in the spring wheat cultivation. Studies were carried out on the experimental field of the plant protection department of the Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences located in the forest-steppe zone in Novosibirsk oblast in 2019–2021. The potential for application of the microbiological formulations Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, and Fitosporin-M was investigated in terms of protection of spring wheat against diseases using the cultivar Novosibirskaya 31. The study assessed the effect of the biological formulations on the development of leaf diseases as well as on the growth processes and yield of wheat. Leaf infection development was at a moderate level. At the beginning of milk level of grain maturity, effectiveness (efficacy) against Septoria-caused disease (STB) reached 47.3% with Fitosporin-M, 67.7% with the fungicide Titul DUO, and 31.2–75.3% in combination with the seed treatment. The efficacy of seed treatment with Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, and Scarlet and crop treatment with the fungicide Titul DUO against powdery mildew ranged from 6.7 to 52.2% and from 82.6 to 95.6% against leaf rust. Treatment of planted wheat with Fitosporin-M and its combination with the seed pretreatment did not have a delaying effect on these leaf diseases. Expansion of the flag leaf area in the experiment ranged within 9.4–41.9% relative to control (11.7 cm<sup>2</sup>) and peaked in Trichodermin + Titul DUO and Sporobacterin + Titul DUO variants. Treatment of seeds and growing wheat with the formulations influenced the wheat spike structure. Combination of seed treatment and application of the biological formulations Fitosporin-M and Titul DUO to wheat plants led to an increase in spike length (by 8.1–17.9%), number of spikelets (by 6.1–14.4%) and grains (by 21.8–43.4%) per spike, and weight of grains per spike (by 28.9–61.1%). Thousand-grain weight appreciably increased by 2.7–14% in all experimental variants. Variants with Trichodermin + Titul DUO, Sporobacterin + Titul DUO, and Scarlet + Titul DUO were comparable by yield; furthermore, they ensured gain in the cereal harvest of 0.75, 0.72, and 0.8 t/ha, respectively. Treatment of wheat plants with Fitosporin-M and Titul DUO resulted in additional 0.25 and 0.66 t/ha, respectively, compared to the control (2.31 t/ha).</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050051
Ivo Ganchev
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a model that would be able to simulate the kinetics of cell growth, lactic acid production, pH drop and sugar consumption in algae-based fermentations with Lactobacillus acidophilus BUCSAV-375 strain. The kinetic parameters of the primary models for these dependent variables were expressed as a function of the initial dry matter concentration of the media, obtaining by treatment of biomass of microalgae of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis), and their buffering capacity. Later the parameters obtained from these models were used to establish mathematical relationships with the independent variables tested. The models were validated with 6 fermentations of L.acidophilus in different algae-based media. In most cases the proposed models adequately describe the biochemical changes taking place during fermentation and are a promising approach for the formulation of algae-based probiotic foods.
{"title":"Growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Medium Based on Spirulina platensis Biomass","authors":"Ivo Ganchev","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050051","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of this study was to develop a model that would be able to simulate the kinetics of cell growth, lactic acid production, pH drop and sugar consumption in algae-based fermentations with <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> BUCSAV-375 strain. The kinetic parameters of the primary models for these dependent variables were expressed as a function of the initial dry matter concentration of the media, obtaining by treatment of biomass of microalgae of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>), and their buffering capacity. Later the parameters obtained from these models were used to establish mathematical relationships with the independent variables tested. The models were validated with 6 fermentations of <i>L.</i> <i>acidophilus</i> in different algae-based media. In most cases the proposed models adequately describe the biochemical changes taking place during fermentation and are a promising approach for the formulation of algae-based probiotic foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050063
A. A. Goncharenko, A. V. Makarov, T. V. Semenova, V. N. Tochilin, N. A. Clochko, M. S. Goncharenko, P. A. Plotnikov
Abstract
The aim of the study is to quantify the contribution of additive, dominant, and epistatic dispersions to the overall genetic variation of the 1000-grain weight trait to increase the efficiency of breeding heterotic hybrids of winter rye. The experiments were carried out at the experimental base of the Federal Research Center Nemchinovka (Moscow oblast). The starting material was ten male sterile homozygous inbred lines carrying the Pump-type cytoplasm. These lines were crossed with two male fertile test lines: mf H-842 and mf H-1247. Test crosses were carried out in 2019 on two isolated plots according to the topcross scheme. The resulting hybrids and their parent forms were tested in 2020 and 2021 on plots of 8 m2 in twofold repetition. The test for epistasis and decomposition of the genetic varianсе into additive and dominant components was carried out by the method of Jinks, Perkins, and Brees (1969). The data show that the additive interaction of genes, as well as incomplete dominance, plays the main role in determining the trait of granularity. A stable ratio of these interactions was established over the years: the proportion of additive effects varied at the level of 83.9–84.7%, and the proportion of dominant effects at the level of 15.3–16.1%. The indicator of the degree of dominance (sqrt {{text{(}}H1{text{/}}D{text{)}}} ) was less than one and varied slightly over the years. It follows from this that dominant alleles affecting gross grain do not completely suppress the effect of their recessive alleles. For this reason, simple interlinear hybrids inherit an intermediate phenotype compared to the parent forms. The most coarse-grained hybrids were obtained by crossing lines ms H-1054, ms H-649, and ms H-1090 with the coarse-grained tester mf H-1247. It is concluded that, in the synthesis of commercial rye hybrids, it is necessary to strive to ensure that all parent forms are gross-grained. To obtain such lines, it is advisable to use methods of recurrent selection as well as convergent and cumulative breeding.
{"title":"Genetic Analysis of the 1000-Grain Weight Trait in Interlinear Hybrids of Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.)","authors":"A. A. Goncharenko, A. V. Makarov, T. V. Semenova, V. N. Tochilin, N. A. Clochko, M. S. Goncharenko, P. A. Plotnikov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050063","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of the study is to quantify the contribution of additive, dominant, and epistatic dispersions to the overall genetic variation of the 1000-grain weight trait to increase the efficiency of breeding heterotic hybrids of winter rye. The experiments were carried out at the experimental base of the Federal Research Center Nemchinovka (Moscow oblast). The starting material was ten male sterile homozygous inbred lines carrying the Pump-type cytoplasm. These lines were crossed with two male fertile test lines: mf H-842 and mf H-1247. Test crosses were carried out in 2019 on two isolated plots according to the topcross scheme. The resulting hybrids and their parent forms were tested in 2020 and 2021 on plots of 8 m<sup>2</sup> in twofold repetition. The test for epistasis and decomposition of the genetic varianсе into additive and dominant components was carried out by the method of Jinks, Perkins, and Brees (1969). The data show that the additive interaction of genes, as well as incomplete dominance, plays the main role in determining the trait of granularity. A stable ratio of these interactions was established over the years: the proportion of additive effects varied at the level of 83.9–84.7%, and the proportion of dominant effects at the level of 15.3–16.1%. The indicator of the degree of dominance <span>(sqrt {{text{(}}H1{text{/}}D{text{)}}} )</span> was less than one and varied slightly over the years. It follows from this that dominant alleles affecting gross grain do not completely suppress the effect of their recessive alleles. For this reason, simple interlinear hybrids inherit an intermediate phenotype compared to the parent forms. The most coarse-grained hybrids were obtained by crossing lines ms H-1054, ms H-649, and ms H-1090 with the coarse-grained tester mf H-1247. It is concluded that, in the synthesis of commercial rye hybrids, it is necessary to strive to ensure that all parent forms are gross-grained. To obtain such lines, it is advisable to use methods of recurrent selection as well as convergent and cumulative breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050129
M. A. Smirnov, I. I. Bartenev, O. M. Nechaeva
Abstract
The necessity to provide beet-growing farms with high-quality planting material determines the main vector of domestic sugar beet seed-growing development. A special role in the crop seed-growing is assigned to improvement of the main methods, including the development of a promising raw-material storage technique. The aim of the investigations is to reveal the impact of physical and chemical methods of raw-material storage, both separately and in combination, on the planting material safety as well as on the productivity of sugar beet seed-bearing plants. The investigations were performed by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Mazlumov All-Russia Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar in Voronezh oblast in 2019–2021. The study object was represented by beet mother roots and seed-bearing plants of the domestic hybrid (RMS-127) of male sterile form. The experiments were performed in a beet root storehouse and on isolated plots according to methodological recommendations and instructions for sugar beet seed-growing. The experiment scheme was: (1) control (without treatment); (2) treatment of mother beet roots with infrared radiation (30 s) using a Minin reflector (blue lamp); (3) spraying of mother beet roots with fungicide Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t); (4) treatment with Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t) + infrared radiation (30 s); and (5) treatment with Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t) + surfactant Allur, Zh (0.003 L/t). As a result, the treatment of sugar beet mother roots by fungicide Kagatnik, VRK in combination with infrared radiation or with surfactant Allur, Zh enables the reduction of mass losses by 1.6–2.3 absolute % and proliferation by 21.4–23.3 absolute % during storage as well as the rise in the yield of suitable for planting beet roots by 6–7 absolute %. Positive aftereffect of the storage technique of beet mother roots on the development and productivity of sugar beet seed-bearing plants was determined. The yield increase of the obtained sugar beet seeds was 0.5 t/ha, and the portion of high-quality seeds of sowing fractions (3.5–4.5 mm and 4.5–5.5 mm) was 96–98%.
{"title":"Prospects of Using Chemical and Physical Methods of Raw-Material Protection in Sugar Beet Seed-Growing","authors":"M. A. Smirnov, I. I. Bartenev, O. M. Nechaeva","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050129","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The necessity to provide beet-growing farms with high-quality planting material determines the main vector of domestic sugar beet seed-growing development. A special role in the crop seed-growing is assigned to improvement of the main methods, including the development of a promising raw-material storage technique. The aim of the investigations is to reveal the impact of physical and chemical methods of raw-material storage, both separately and in combination, on the planting material safety as well as on the productivity of sugar beet seed-bearing plants. The investigations were performed by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Mazlumov All-Russia Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar in Voronezh oblast in 2019–2021. The study object was represented by beet mother roots and seed-bearing plants of the domestic hybrid (RMS-127) of male sterile form. The experiments were performed in a beet root storehouse and on isolated plots according to methodological recommendations and instructions for sugar beet seed-growing. The experiment scheme was: (1) control (without treatment); (2) treatment of mother beet roots with infrared radiation (30 s) using a Minin reflector (blue lamp); (3) spraying of mother beet roots with fungicide Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t); (4) treatment with Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t) + infrared radiation (30 s); and (5) treatment with Kagatnik, VRK (0.10 L/t) + surfactant Allur, Zh (0.003 L/t). As a result, the treatment of sugar beet mother roots by fungicide Kagatnik, VRK in combination with infrared radiation or with surfactant Allur, Zh enables the reduction of mass losses by 1.6–2.3 absolute % and proliferation by 21.4–23.3 absolute % during storage as well as the rise in the yield of suitable for planting beet roots by 6–7 absolute %. Positive aftereffect of the storage technique of beet mother roots on the development and productivity of sugar beet seed-bearing plants was determined. The yield increase of the obtained sugar beet seeds was 0.5 t/ha, and the portion of high-quality seeds of sowing fractions (3.5–4.5 mm and 4.5–5.5 mm) was 96–98%.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050117
A. M. Shpanev, V. V. Smuk
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on weed infestation of fields in the crop rotation, including cereals, row crops, and grasses, to understand the possibilities to manage the species composition and population of weed plants in the northwest of the Russian Federation. The experiments were performed in 2012–2018 in Leningrad oblast during the fifth rotation with the following crops: blue lupine, winter rye, spring barley with sowing of perennial grasses (red clover and timothy-grass), perennial grasses of the first and second year, potato, and spring rape. Weed infestation of fields in the crop rotation depended more on biological features of cultivated crops (species abundance of 76.1%, initial density of 29.6%, and phytomass after harvest of 21.0%) than on individual parameters of weed infestation (3.5, 8.3, and 17.7%, respectively). Weather conditions exerted the decisive effect on initial weed infestation (49.7%) and smaller effect on the species abundance (30.7%) and aboveground biomass of weeds (20.6%). Weather conditions influenced the effects of applied mineral fertilizers (interaction of 4.0–11.9%) and integrated plant-protection system (interaction of 2.9–12.0%). Among the studied factors of crop production intensification, application of herbicides in the variant with integrated plant-protection system exerted the greatest impact on the species abundance (26%) and final phytomass of weeds (26.2%), whereas long term application of mineral fertilizers affected the initial weed infestation of agrocenoses (10.2%), which was statistically significant for every year of the research (23.0–67.8%). The combined effect of mineral fertilizers and herbicides determined to the greatest rate the formation of the aboveground mass of weeds (interaction of 0.9–5.0%), in years with excessive humidity in particular.
{"title":"The Contribution of Factors to Weed Infestation of Grain–Grass–Row Crops in the Northwest of the Russian Federation","authors":"A. M. Shpanev, V. V. Smuk","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050117","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on weed infestation of fields in the crop rotation, including cereals, row crops, and grasses, to understand the possibilities to manage the species composition and population of weed plants in the northwest of the Russian Federation. The experiments were performed in 2012–2018 in Leningrad oblast during the fifth rotation with the following crops: blue lupine, winter rye, spring barley with sowing of perennial grasses (red clover and timothy-grass), perennial grasses of the first and second year, potato, and spring rape. Weed infestation of fields in the crop rotation depended more on biological features of cultivated crops (species abundance of 76.1%, initial density of 29.6%, and phytomass after harvest of 21.0%) than on individual parameters of weed infestation (3.5, 8.3, and 17.7%, respectively). Weather conditions exerted the decisive effect on initial weed infestation (49.7%) and smaller effect on the species abundance (30.7%) and aboveground biomass of weeds (20.6%). Weather conditions influenced the effects of applied mineral fertilizers (interaction of 4.0–11.9%) and integrated plant-protection system (interaction of 2.9–12.0%). Among the studied factors of crop production intensification, application of herbicides in the variant with integrated plant-protection system exerted the greatest impact on the species abundance (26%) and final phytomass of weeds (26.2%), whereas long term application of mineral fertilizers affected the initial weed infestation of agrocenoses (10.2%), which was statistically significant for every year of the research (23.0–67.8%). The combined effect of mineral fertilizers and herbicides determined to the greatest rate the formation of the aboveground mass of weeds (interaction of 0.9–5.0%), in years with excessive humidity in particular.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s106836742305004x
N. N. Dubenok, A. V. Lebedev
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to gain insight into the dynamics of the mensuration indicators, such as average height and diameter and the stand basal areas and standing timber stock, of planted pine forest of various initial densities over a 120-year period based on long-term observations on permanent sample plots. The study targets pine plantations on permanent trial plots of the Forest Experimental Station (Moscow). The growth and yield of forest stands planted on permanent plots was compared against tables of the growth course (yield) tables) of fully stocked pine stands in European Russia and yield tables of modal pine stands of European Russia (the southern boreal ecological region as well as zones of mixed and deciduous forests and forest-steppe). The real curves of the dynamics of the stand indicators are located across the entire range of the presented tabular values. The yield tables, however, offer an oversimplified representation of change in the mensuration indicators, which have a nonsteady dynamics in the actual stands over time. The time series (of dynamics) of average heights and diameters, basal areas, and stocks on sample plots are noted to deviate significantly from the yield tables’ data on fully stocked and modal pine forest stands. An alternative to traditional tables can be prognostic models of the dynamics of mensuration indicators with a different starting state of forest stands without strict alignment with the quality (bonitet) basis.
{"title":"Dynamics of Mensuration Indicators in a Forest Pine Plantation Based on Data of the Long-Term Observations","authors":"N. N. Dubenok, A. V. Lebedev","doi":"10.3103/s106836742305004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s106836742305004x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of the study is to gain insight into the dynamics of the mensuration indicators, such as average height and diameter and the stand basal areas and standing timber stock, of planted pine forest of various initial densities over a 120-year period based on long-term observations on permanent sample plots. The study targets pine plantations on permanent trial plots of the Forest Experimental Station (Moscow). The growth and yield of forest stands planted on permanent plots was compared against tables of the growth course (yield) tables) of fully stocked pine stands in European Russia and yield tables of modal pine stands of European Russia (the southern boreal ecological region as well as zones of mixed and deciduous forests and forest-steppe). The real curves of the dynamics of the stand indicators are located across the entire range of the presented tabular values. The yield tables, however, offer an oversimplified representation of change in the mensuration indicators, which have a nonsteady dynamics in the actual stands over time. The time series (of dynamics) of average heights and diameters, basal areas, and stocks on sample plots are noted to deviate significantly from the yield tables’ data on fully stocked and modal pine forest stands. An alternative to traditional tables can be prognostic models of the dynamics of mensuration indicators with a different starting state of forest stands without strict alignment with the quality (bonitet) basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139053827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.3103/s1068367423050038
A. E. Chernitskiy, I. A. Shkuratova, A. P. Poryvaeva, E. V. Pechura, O. G. Tomskikh
Abstract
The study was carried out to assess the informativeness of blood L-lactate and integral leukocyte indices to predict severe mycoplasmosis in calves naturally infected with M. bovis. In the conditions of agricultural enterprises of the Ural Federal District, daily clinical observation of 36 Holstein calves naturally infected with M. bovis at the age of 10–15 days was carried out for 1 month. In blood samples obtained from the jugular vein of animals at the first signs of the disease, the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and also hematocrit was determined on an Abacus Junior Vet analyzer (Diatron), the concentration of L-lactate was determined by reaction with paraoxy-diphenyl on a UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu), a differential count of leukocytes in blood smears stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa was performed on an Olympus BX43 microscope (Olympus, Japan), and the integral leukocyte indices, the Krebs’ index (KI), the leukocyte intoxication index of Ya.Ya. Kalf-Kalif (LII), reactive neutrophil response by T.Sh. Khabirov (RNR), adaptation index (AI), Bredeck’s index (BI), nuclear shift index (NSI), lymphocyte-granulocyte index (LGI), neutrophil-monocyte ratio index (NMR), index of blood leukocyte shift (BLSI), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio index (LMR), and lymphocyte-neutrophil ratio (LNR) were also calculated. A mild and moderate course of mycoplasmosis was established in 22 (61.1%) calves and a severe course in 14 (38.9%). In animals predisposed to a severe course of the disease, an increased level of L-lactate in the blood was recorded at the first clinical signs of the disease: > 1.68 mmol/l, AI > 1.57 units, LGI > 16.7 units, LNR > 1.41 units, reduced KI < 0.645 units, and BLSI < 0.600 units. The informativeness of predictors for prognosticating severe mycoplasmosis in calves was assessed as very good, sensitivity was 71.4–85.7% and specificity was 81.8–90.9%. The accumulation of L-lactate in the blood of animals and changes in leukocyte indices (AI, LGI, LNR, KI, BLSI) are interrelated.
{"title":"Informativeness of Blood L-Lactate and Integral Leukocyte Indices for Prediction of Severe Mycoplasmosis in Calves","authors":"A. E. Chernitskiy, I. A. Shkuratova, A. P. Poryvaeva, E. V. Pechura, O. G. Tomskikh","doi":"10.3103/s1068367423050038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367423050038","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study was carried out to assess the informativeness of blood L-lactate and integral leukocyte indices to predict severe mycoplasmosis in calves naturally infected with <i>M. bovis</i>. In the conditions of agricultural enterprises of the Ural Federal District, daily clinical observation of 36 Holstein calves naturally infected with <i>M. bovis</i> at the age of 10–15 days was carried out for 1 month. In blood samples obtained from the jugular vein of animals at the first signs of the disease, the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and also hematocrit was determined on an Abacus Junior Vet analyzer (Diatron), the concentration of L-lactate was determined by reaction with paraoxy-diphenyl on a UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu), a differential count of leukocytes in blood smears stained according to Romanovsky-Giemsa was performed on an Olympus BX43 microscope (Olympus, Japan), and the integral leukocyte indices, the Krebs’ index (KI), the leukocyte intoxication index of Ya.Ya. Kalf-Kalif (LII), reactive neutrophil response by T.Sh. Khabirov (RNR), adaptation index (AI), Bredeck’s index (BI), nuclear shift index (NSI), lymphocyte-granulocyte index (LGI), neutrophil-monocyte ratio index (NMR), index of blood leukocyte shift (BLSI), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio index (LMR), and lymphocyte-neutrophil ratio (LNR) were also calculated. A mild and moderate course of mycoplasmosis was established in 22 (61.1%) calves and a severe course in 14 (38.9%). In animals predisposed to a severe course of the disease, an increased level of L-lactate in the blood was recorded at the first clinical signs of the disease: > 1.68 mmol/l, AI > 1.57 units, LGI > 16.7 units, LNR > 1.41 units, reduced KI < 0.645 units, and BLSI < 0.600 units. The informativeness of predictors for prognosticating severe mycoplasmosis in calves was assessed as very good, sensitivity was 71.4–85.7% and specificity was 81.8–90.9%. The accumulation of L-lactate in the blood of animals and changes in leukocyte indices (AI, LGI, LNR, KI, BLSI) are interrelated.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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