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Parents’ Perspectives Regarding Anti-Asian Racism During COVID-19: Supporting Elementary Students at School COVID-19期间家长对反亚裔种族主义的看法:支持小学生
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/2372966X.2022.2098813
Cixin Wang, Charissa S. L. Cheah, Jia Li Liu, Qianyu Zhu, Mazneen Havewala, Ruofan Ma, Yeram Cheong, Madison Housden
Abstract A surge of racism and xenophobia toward Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to high levels of stress within this community. We conducted in-depth semistructured interviews with 40 Chinese American parents (35 mothers, Mage = 40.86; SD = 5.59) with elementary school-aged children (Mage = 8.76; SD= 2.17) to understand parents’ perception of their children’s experiences with discrimination and how schools can support Asian American students. Interviews were coded using thematic analyses. The majority of parents (n = 28, 70%) expressed concerns about racial discrimination for their children. However, 28 (70%) parents did not have any specific discussions about racism and discrimination with their children partially because parents felt that the topic of race/racial discrimination was too complex for children to understand. Some parents (22.5%) were also worried that too much discussion about race and discrimination would trigger more discrimination. We identified parents’ beliefs about potential risk and protective factors for racial bullying and discrimination. Parents also generated strategies regarding how schools can help prevent racial discrimination for Asian American students. These strategies set the foundation for collaborative efforts and solutions to prevent bullying and mitigate the harm caused by the historically-based marginalization of Asian Americans during the COVID-19 and beyond. IMPACT STATEMENT This is one of the first qualitative studies to understand Chinese American parents’ perception of their children’s experiences with racial discrimination during COVID-19. Based on the thematic analysis of 40 interviews, we identified parents’ beliefs about potential risk and protective factors for racial discrimination and how schools can help prevent bullying and discrimination for Asian American elementary students. These parent-generated strategies can set the foundation for collaborative efforts to prevent bullying and mitigate the harm caused by the historically-based marginalization of Asian Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,针对亚裔美国人的种族主义和仇外心理激增,导致这个社区的压力很大。我们对40位美籍华人父母进行了深入的半结构化访谈(35位母亲,Mage = 40.86;SD = 5.59)与小学学龄儿童(Mage = 8.76;SD= 2.17),了解家长对孩子遭受歧视经历的看法,以及学校如何支持亚裔美国学生。访谈采用专题分析进行编码。大多数家长(n = 28,70 %)表示担心自己的孩子受到种族歧视。然而,有28位(70%)家长没有与孩子进行任何关于种族主义和种族歧视的具体讨论,部分原因是父母认为种族/种族歧视的话题过于复杂,孩子无法理解。一些家长(22.5%)还担心过多地讨论种族和歧视会引发更多的歧视。我们确定了父母对种族欺凌和歧视的潜在风险和保护因素的看法。家长们还就学校如何帮助防止亚裔美国学生受到种族歧视提出了策略。这些战略为合作努力和解决方案奠定了基础,以防止欺凌行为,减轻亚裔美国人在2019冠状病毒病期间及以后因历史原因被边缘化所造成的伤害。本研究是了解华裔美国父母对其子女在2019冠状病毒病期间遭受种族歧视的看法的首批定性研究之一。基于对40个访谈的主题分析,我们确定了家长对种族歧视的潜在风险和保护因素的看法,以及学校如何帮助防止亚裔美国小学生的欺凌和歧视。这些由父母制定的战略可以为合作努力奠定基础,以防止欺凌行为,减轻亚裔美国人在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间及以后因历史原因而被边缘化所造成的伤害。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of Intellectual Disability With the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition: Analysis of Part Score Profiles and Diagnostic Outcomes 用韦氏儿童智力量表评估智力残疾,第五版:部分得分概况和诊断结果分析
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2094284
Renee Bergeron, Randy Floyd, P. McNicholas, Ryan L. Farmer
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引用次数: 0
Epistemological Diversity, Constructionism, and Social Justice Research in School Psychology 学校心理学的认识论多样性、建构主义与社会正义研究
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.1080/2372966X.2022.2094283
Sujay V. Sabnis, Daniel S. Newman
Abstract Calls for school psychology researchers to produce scholarship explicitly centered on social justice have grown in recent years. There is a growing community of scholars dedicated to this research area but the knowledge base produced so far remains narrow and constrained in nature. We connect the constrained nature of this scholarship to the epistemological dominance of objectivism which has manifested in many ways, including calls to standardize the meaning of social justice. Social justice researchers must produce their research (whether qualitative, quantitative, or mixed) within the confines of objectivist culture even though social injustice exceeds the constraints of any one epistemological framework. We argue that in order to foster social justice research in school psychology, a plurality of epistemologies is crucial. We present the epistemology of constructionism, and provide various examples of what an epistemologically diversified approach to school psychology research, practice and teaching in social justice may look like. Impact Statement The authors critique the restrictive role of objectivism in social justice-related research in school psychology. This paper can assist the field of school psychology to broaden its epistemological boundaries through constructionism which in turn can allow equity-oriented school psychologists to have a deeper engagement with issues of power, inequity, and injustice in research, practice, and teaching.
近年来,越来越多的人呼吁学校心理学研究人员拿出明确以社会正义为中心的学术成果。致力于这一研究领域的学者群体越来越多,但迄今为止产生的知识库仍然狭窄,性质有限。我们将这一学术的受约束性质与客观主义的认识论主导联系起来,客观主义在许多方面表现出来,包括呼吁规范社会正义的含义。社会正义研究人员必须在客观主义文化的范围内进行研究(无论是定性的、定量的还是混合的),即使社会不公正超过了任何一个认识论框架的限制。我们认为,为了促进学校心理学中的社会正义研究,多元的认识论是至关重要的。我们介绍了建构主义的认识论,并提供了各种例子,说明在社会正义中,学校心理学研究、实践和教学的认识论多元化方法可能是什么样子的。影响声明作者批评了客观主义在学校心理学中与社会正义相关的研究中的限制作用。本文可以通过建构主义来帮助学校心理学领域拓宽其认识论边界,这反过来又可以让以公平为导向的学校心理学家在研究、实践和教学中更深入地参与权力、不公平和不公正的问题。
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引用次数: 3
A Call for Equity-Focused Social-Emotional Learning 呼吁以公平为中心的社会情感学习
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.1080/2372966X.2022.2093125
Chynna S. McCall, Monica E. Romero, Wenxia Yang, Tanya Weigand
Abstract The approaches we are using presently with social–emotional learning (SEL) curricula are not truly meeting the needs of our students. SEL programs have proven successful in many areas of mental and social wellbeing but fall short of their intended goals of promoting social warmth and human relationships. The literature suggests that minoritized students consistently report issues with perceptions of fit in the classroom environment, and these perceptions have known negative effects on academic and social outcomes. Current SEL curricula largely reflect White, middle class, American beliefs and values, perpetuating the negative social arrangements of disenfranchisement and marginalization. There is a significant need to reframe SEL curriculum development to remove this majority influence and encourage school stakeholders to challenge existing social inequities. SEL curricula have the potential to be key elements in creating more equitable school communities by more effectively addressing discrimination and prejudice through their frames of reference and the skills they help students and other stakeholders develop. Future research, actionable items and recommendations regarding how to adapt current SEL curricula are also discussed. Impact Statement Current social–emotional learning (SEL) continues to perpetuate systems of oppression and fails to meet the needs of our minoritized student populations (Black/indigenous/people of color, LGBTQ+, dis/abled, immigrant, etc.). The school psychologist is integral in helping to facilitate the shift in the focus of SEL from “fixing” the deficits of individual students to focusing on the social contexts and social systems that affect the entire classroom, school, and community in order to more effectively meet the needs of minoritized student populations.
摘要我们目前在社会情感学习(SEL)课程中使用的方法并不能真正满足学生的需求。SEL项目已被证明在心理和社会福利的许多领域取得了成功,但未能达到促进社会温暖和人际关系的预期目标。文献表明,少数族裔学生一直报告他们对适合课堂环境的看法存在问题,这些看法对学术和社会结果有已知的负面影响。目前的SEL课程在很大程度上反映了白人、中产阶级、美国人的信仰和价值观,使剥夺选举权和边缘化的负面社会安排永久化。非常需要重新构建SEL课程开发,以消除这种多数人的影响,并鼓励学校利益相关者挑战现有的社会不平等。SEL课程有可能成为创建更公平的学校社区的关键要素,通过其参考框架和帮助学生和其他利益相关者发展的技能,更有效地解决歧视和偏见问题。还讨论了关于如何调整当前SEL课程的未来研究、可操作项目和建议。影响声明当前的社会-情感学习(SEL)继续延续压迫制度,未能满足我们少数族裔学生群体(黑人/土著/有色人种、LGBTQ+、残疾人、移民等)的需求。学校心理学家在帮助推动SEL的重点从“修复”个别学生的缺陷转移到关注影响整个课堂、学校和社区的社会环境和社会制度,以便更有效地满足少数族裔学生群体的需求。
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引用次数: 2
The Role of Racial Match Between Students and Teachers in School-Based Consultation 师生种族匹配在校本咨询中的作用
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2087477
Andryce Clinkscales, Courtenay A. Barrett, Shelbie E Spear
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引用次数: 0
Teachers’ Racial Bias: Can Teachers Rate an African American Boy Similarly to His Racial Counterparts on Problem Behaviors for a Broad Rating Scale? 教师的种族偏见:教师能否对非裔美国男孩的问题行为进行与其他种族男孩相似的评分?
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/2372966X.2022.2041212
Isaac L. Woods
Abstract After decades of advancement in education equality, a disproportional number of racially minoritized students are placed in special education. Addressing the disproportionality is a complicated issue due to various contributing factors. One possible cause is racial bias from teachers who rate problem behaviors of African American boys for special education evaluations. This study investigated the effect of a student’s race on teachers’ ratings of problem behavior for special education evaluations. In an online study, the race of an African American student, Asian American student, and European American student were manipulated in a vignette of a hypothetical child. Participants read one of three vignettes and completed the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment Teacher Report Form and a 7-item questionnaire. Although results evinced teachers perceived the home life of the African American student as poorer quality, no racial bias in ratings of internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, referrals for special education, likelihood of postsecondary education, and academic functioning were found. The strengths, limitations, and implications for experimental studies and clinical practice for examining racial bias are discussed. Impact Statement This experimental study seeks to determine when manipulating the race/ethnicity of a child, can teachers rate a vignette of a student similarly on a broad rating scale. No prior study has centered African American boys, used a norm-referenced broad rating scale for both externalizing disorders and internalizing disorders in a vignette, and included national sample in an online study on racial bias in the United States of America.
摘要经过几十年的教育平等发展,少数种族学生被安排接受特殊教育的人数不成比例。由于各种因素,解决这种不均衡现象是一个复杂的问题。一个可能的原因是教师对非裔美国男孩的问题行为进行评分,以进行特殊教育评估。本研究调查了学生种族对教师在特殊教育评估中问题行为评分的影响。在一项在线研究中,一名非洲裔美国学生、亚裔美国学生和欧洲裔美国学生的种族在一个假设孩子的小插曲中被操纵。参与者阅读了三个小插曲中的一个,并完成了Achenbach基于经验的评估系统教师报告表和一份7项问卷。尽管研究结果表明,教师认为非裔美国学生的家庭生活质量较差,但在内化行为、外化行为、特殊教育转介、接受中学后教育的可能性和学术功能方面没有发现种族偏见。讨论了研究种族偏见的实验研究和临床实践的优势、局限性和意义。影响声明这项实验研究试图确定在操纵儿童的种族/民族时,教师能否在广泛的评分表上对学生的小插曲进行类似的评分。此前没有任何研究以非裔美国男孩为中心,在一个小插曲中使用了外化障碍和内化障碍的常模参考的广泛评分量表,并在一项关于美利坚合众国种族偏见的在线研究中纳入了全国样本。
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引用次数: 2
Supporting Teachers’ Use of Classroom Management Strategies via Different School-Based Consultation Models: Which Is More Cost-Effective for Whom? 通过不同的学校咨询模式支持教师使用课堂管理策略:哪一种对谁更具成本效益?
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2087476
Emily R. DeFouw, J. Owens, Samantha M. Margherio, S. Evans
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引用次数: 0
Relation Between Peer Victimization and Mental Health Among Chinese Students: Perceived School Climate and Covitality as Potential Moderators 中国学生同伴受害与心理健康的关系:学校氛围和Covitality作为潜在调节因素
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2088250
Qianyu Zhu, Yeram Cheong, Cixin Wang
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Interim Assessment Outcomes Among Elementary-Aged English Learners Using Mathematics Computation, Oral Reading Fluency, and English Proficiency Levels 用数学计算、口语阅读流畅性和英语熟练程度预测小学英语学习者中期评估结果
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/2372966X.2022.2041211
G. J. Hall, Mitchell A. Markham, Meghan McMackin, Elizabeth C. Moore, Craig A Albers
Abstract The current study examined the validity of curriculum-based measures (CBM) in mathematics computation (M-COMP) and oral reading fluency (R-CBM) in predicting spring mathematics and reading performance level and performance risk (>1 SD below the national mean) among students classified as English Learners (ELs). Additionally, the current study assessed the incremental predictive value of English language proficiency (ELP) beyond CBM performance. The results indicated that ELP explains a significant portion of variability above M-COMP and R-CBM and increases the accuracy of predicting at-risk performance status on spring measures of mathematics and reading. The findings highlight the challenges of assessing the predictive accuracy of M-COMP and R-CBM among students classified as ELs, as well as the extent to which comprehensive measures of ELP account for variance in both performance level and at-risk status beyond CBMs. The implications for school data-based decision-making for language-minoritized students and directions for future research are discussed. Impact Statement Equity in Response-to-Intervention (RTI) is predicated on accurate measurement of skills within universal screening. The current study’s findings suggest that CBMs alone explain less variance and are less predictive of academic performance than when combined with English language proficiency scores. The predictive accuracy of R-CBM and M-COMP varied between students classified as ELs and non-ELs but in only very limited circumstances were these measurable differences. These results indicated that although CBMs are an efficient system of screening among non-ELs, it is also necessary to consider students’ ELP levels when making decisions within RTI models.
摘要本研究考察了基于课程的数学计算测量(M-COMP)和口语阅读流畅性测量(R-CBM)在预测英语学习者春季数学和阅读成绩水平和成绩风险(低于全国平均水平1标准差)方面的有效性。此外,本研究评估了英语语言能力(ELP)在CBM表现之外的增量预测价值。结果表明,相对于M-COMP和R-CBM, ELP解释了很大一部分变异,并提高了数学和阅读春季测试中预测风险表现状态的准确性。研究结果强调了评估M-COMP和R-CBM在被归类为ELs的学生中的预测准确性的挑战,以及ELP的综合测量在多大程度上解释了表现水平和风险状态在cbm之外的差异。讨论了基于数据的学校决策对语言少数学生的影响以及未来的研究方向。干预反应公平性(RTI)的影响陈述是基于普遍筛查中技能的准确测量。目前的研究结果表明,与英语语言能力分数相结合相比,CBMs单独解释的差异较小,对学业成绩的预测也较差。R-CBM和M-COMP的预测准确性在ei和非ei学生之间存在差异,但仅在非常有限的情况下存在这些可测量的差异。这些结果表明,尽管建立信任机制是一种有效的筛选非语言能力的系统,但在RTI模型中做出决策时,也有必要考虑学生的语言能力水平。
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引用次数: 1
Unlocking the Promise of Multitiered Systems of Support (MTSS) for Linguistically Diverse Students: Advancing Science, Practice, and Equity 为语言多样性学生开启多层支持系统(MTSS)的希望:推进科学、实践和公平
IF 3 3区 心理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/2372966X.2022.2105612
Jorge E. Gonzalez, Lillian Durán, Sylvia Linan-Thompson, S. Jimerson
Abstract With its emphasis on early identification, quality instruction, interventions for students at risk of educational failure, and use of data on student response to instruction, multitiered systems of support (MTSS) offer numerous advantages over a remedial approach. Leveraging the promise of MTSS will rely, however, on equitable distribution of the advantages of this approach, especially for culturally and linguistically diverse students (CLD). The articles in this special topic section address CLD student contexts and apply this knowledge to culturally responsive explorations of assessment and instruction with an emphasis on the role of English language proficiency and language of instruction. Recognizing the importance of early identification and progress monitoring, several studies focus on the adequacy of screeners and curriculum-based measurement (CBM) tools for CLD children within MTSS. Across the studies, several important themes emerge in unlocking the promise of MTSS for CLD students, including (a) the need for validated measures for use with CLD, especially those sensitive to levels of English proficiency; (b) the importance of English language proficiency (ELP) in understanding responsiveness to intervention; (c) the language of instruction holds important relationships to performance on screeners, CBM, and achievement outcomes; and (d) English language instruction did not appear to impede performance on outcomes. Implications for advancing practice are also discussed. Impact Statement This article provides a synthesis of articles in a special topic section focused on MTSS with CLD students. Key themes across articles highlight the challenges and opportunities to advance the science of MTSS and invite scholars to further examine challenges of MTSS with CLD, including implementation and policy implications.
摘要多层支持系统强调早期识别、高质量的教学、对有教育失败风险的学生的干预以及对学生对教学反应数据的使用,与补救方法相比,它提供了许多优势。然而,利用MTSS的承诺将依赖于公平分配这种方法的优势,特别是对于文化和语言多样化的学生(CLD)。本专题部分的文章探讨了CLD学生的背景,并将这些知识应用于评估和教学的文化响应探索,重点是英语水平和教学语言的作用。认识到早期识别和进度监测的重要性,几项研究重点关注MTSS中CLD儿童的筛查人员和基于课程的测量(CBM)工具的充分性。在这些研究中,在为CLD学生开启MTSS的前景方面出现了几个重要主题,包括(a)需要对CLD使用经过验证的措施,特别是那些对英语水平敏感的措施;(b) 英语水平在理解干预反应方面的重要性;(c) 教学语言与筛选人员的表现、CBM和成绩有着重要的关系;(d)英语教学似乎没有妨碍成绩。还讨论了对推进实践的启示。影响声明这篇文章在一个专题部分提供了文章的综合,重点是CLD学生的MTSS。文章中的关键主题强调了推进MTSS科学的挑战和机遇,并邀请学者进一步研究MTSS与CLD的挑战,包括实施和政策影响。
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引用次数: 3
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School Psychology Review
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