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Single-cell immune landscape of measurable residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia. 急性髓性白血病可测量残留病的单细胞免疫图谱
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2666-8
Xiaodong Mo, Weilong Zhang, Guomei Fu, Yingjun Chang, Xiaohui Zhang, Lanping Xu, Yu Wang, Chenhua Yan, Mengzhu Shen, Qiuxia Wei, Changjian Yan, Xiaojun Huang

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a powerful prognostic factor of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We applied the single-cell RNA sequencing to bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with (n=20) and without (n=12) MRD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A comprehensive immune landscape with 184,231 cells was created. Compared with CD8+ T cells enriched in the MRD-negative group (MRD-_CD8), those enriched in the MRD-positive group (MRD+_CD8) showed lower expression levels of cytotoxicity-related genes. Three monocyte clusters (i.e., MRD+_M) and three B-cell clusters (i.e., MRD+_B) were enriched in the MRD-positive group. Conversion from an MRD-positive state to an MRD-negative state was accompanied by an increase in MRD-_CD8 clusters and vice versa. MRD-enriched cell clusters employed the macrophage migration inhibitory factor pathway to regulate MRD-_CD8 clusters. These findings revealed the characteristics of the immune cell landscape in MRD positivity, which will allow for a better understanding of the immune mechanisms for MRD conversion.

可测量残留病(MRD)是急性髓性白血病(AML)复发的有力预后因素。我们对异体造血干细胞移植后有 MRD(20 例)和无 MRD(12 例)患者的骨髓(BM)样本进行了单细胞 RNA 测序。建立了一个包含 184 231 个细胞的综合免疫图谱。与富集在MRD阴性组(MRD-_CD8)的CD8+T细胞相比,富集在MRD阳性组(MRD+_CD8)的CD8+T细胞的细胞毒性相关基因表达水平较低。MRD阳性组中富集了三个单核细胞群(即MRD+_M)和三个B细胞群(即MRD+_B)。从MRD阳性转为MRD阴性时,MRD-_CD8细胞群也随之增加,反之亦然。MRD富集细胞集群利用巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子途径来调节MRD-_CD8集群。这些发现揭示了MRD阳性时免疫细胞景观的特征,有助于更好地理解MRD转换的免疫机制。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular mechanisms of DNA lesion and repair during antibody somatic hypermutation. 抗体体细胞超突变过程中 DNA 损伤和修复的分子机制。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2615-1
Qian Hao, Jinfeng Li, Leng-Siew Yeap

Antibody diversification is essential for an effective immune response, with somatic hypermutation (SHM) serving as a key molecular process in this adaptation. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates SHM by inducing DNA lesions, which are ultimately resolved into point mutations, as well as small insertions and deletions (indels). These mutational outcomes contribute to antibody affinity maturation. The mechanisms responsible for generating point mutations and indels involve the base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways, which are well coordinated to maintain genomic integrity while allowing for beneficial mutations to occur. In this regard, translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases contribute to the diversity of mutational outcomes in antibody genes by enabling the bypass of DNA lesions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the distinct molecular mechanisms that generate point mutations and indels during SHM. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for elucidating the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and autoantibodies, and has implications for vaccine design and therapeutics.

抗体多样化对有效的免疫反应至关重要,而体细胞超突变(SHM)是这一适应过程中的关键分子过程。活化诱导胞苷脱氨酶(AID)通过诱导 DNA 病变启动体细胞超突变,最终转化为点突变以及小的插入和缺失(indels)。这些突变结果有助于抗体亲和力的成熟。产生点突变和嵌合突变的机制涉及碱基切除修复(BER)和错配修复(MMR)途径,这两种途径协调良好,既能保持基因组的完整性,又能发生有益的突变。在这方面,转座子合成(TLS)聚合酶通过绕过 DNA 病变,促进了抗体基因突变结果的多样性。本综述总结了我们目前对在 SHM 过程中产生点突变和嵌合体的不同分子机制的理解。了解这些机制对于阐明广谱中和抗体(bnAbs)和自身抗体的发展至关重要,对疫苗设计和治疗也有影响。
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引用次数: 0
The single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the topological differences in mammalian auditory receptors. 哺乳动物听觉受体拓扑差异的单细胞转录组图谱
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2672-1
Xiangyu Ma, Xin Chen, Yuwei Che, Siyao Zhu, Xinlin Wang, Shan Gao, Jiheng Wu, Fanliang Kong, Cheng Cheng, Yunhao Wu, Jiamin Guo, Jieyu Qi, Renjie Chai

Mammalian hair cells (HCs) are arranged spirally along the cochlear axis and correspond to different frequency ranges. Serving as primary sound detectors, HCs spatially segregate component frequencies into a topographical map. HCs display significant diversity in anatomical and physiological characteristics, yet little is known about the organization of the cochleotopic map of HCs or the molecules involved in this process. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we determined the distinct molecular profiles of inner hair cells and outer hair cells, and we identified numerous position-dependent genes that were expressed as gradients. Newly identified genes such as Ptn, Rxra, and Nfe2l2 were found to be associated with tonotopy. We employed the SCENIC algorithm to predict the transcription factors that potentially shape these tonotopic gradients. Furthermore, we confirmed that Nfe2l2, a tonotopy-related transcription factor, is critical in mice for sensing low-to-medium sound frequencies in vivo. the analysis of cell-cell communication revealed potential receptor-ligand networks linking inner hair cells to spiral ganglion neurons, including pathways such as BDNF-Ntrk and PTN-Scd4, which likely play essential roles in tonotopic maintenance. Overall, these findings suggest that molecular gradients serve as the organizing principle for maintaining the selection of sound frequencies by HCs.

哺乳动物的毛细胞(HCs)沿耳蜗轴呈螺旋状排列,对应不同的频率范围。作为主要的声音检测器,HC 在空间上将频率分隔成一个地形图。HCs在解剖和生理特征方面表现出显著的多样性,但人们对HCs耳蜗地形图的组织或参与这一过程的分子却知之甚少。通过单细胞 RNA 测序,我们确定了内毛细胞和外毛细胞不同的分子特征,并发现了许多以梯度方式表达的位置依赖性基因。新发现的基因(如 Ptn、Rxra 和 Nfe2l2)与音调相关。我们利用 SCENIC 算法预测了可能形成这些声调梯度的转录因子。此外,我们还证实了与音调相关的转录因子 Nfe2l2 对小鼠在体内感知中低频声音至关重要。对细胞-细胞通讯的分析揭示了连接内毛细胞和螺旋神经节神经元的潜在受体-配体网络,包括 BDNF-Ntrk 和 PTN-Scd4 等通路,这些通路可能在维持音调梯度方面发挥重要作用。总之,这些研究结果表明,分子梯度是维持内毛细胞选择声音频率的组织原则。
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引用次数: 0
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2 bridges the OPP and shikimate pathways to enhance aromatic amino acid production in plants. 6- 磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶 2 是连接 OPP 和莽草酸途径的桥梁,可提高植物芳香族氨基酸的产量。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2567-4
Qian Tang, Yuxin Huang, Zhuanglin Shen, Linhui Sun, Yang Gu, Huiqing He, Yanhong Chen, Jiahai Zhou, Limin Zhang, Cuihuan Zhao, Shisong Ma, Yunhai Li, Jie Wu, Qiao Zhao

The oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway provides metabolic intermediates for the shikimate pathway and directs carbon flow to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), which serve as basic protein building blocks and precursors of numerous metabolites essential for plant growth. However, genetic evidence linking the two pathways is largely unclear. In this study, we identified 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2 (PGD2), the rate-limiting enzyme of the cytosolic OPP pathway, through suppressor screening of arogenate dehydrogenase 2 (adh2) in Arabidopsis. Our data indicated that a single amino acid substitution at position 63 (glutamic acid to lysine) of PGD2 enhanced its enzyme activity by facilitating the dissociation of products from the active site of PGD2, thus increasing the accumulation of AAAs and partially restoring the defective phenotype of adh2. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the point mutation occurred in a well-conserved amino acid residue. Plants with different amino acids at this conserved site of PGDs confer diverse catalytic activities, thus exhibiting distinct AAAs producing capability. These findings uncover the genetic link between the OPP pathway and AAAs biosynthesis through PGD2. The gain-of-function point mutation of PGD2 identified here could be considered as a potential engineering target to alter the metabolic flux for the production of AAAs and downstream compounds.

磷酸戊糖氧化途径(OPP)为莽草酸途径提供代谢中间产物,并将碳流引向芳香族氨基酸(AAA)的生物合成,芳香族氨基酸是基本的蛋白质组成成分,也是植物生长所必需的多种代谢物的前体。然而,将这两条途径联系起来的遗传证据在很大程度上还不清楚。在这项研究中,我们通过对拟南芥中的氮酸脱氢酶 2(adh2)进行抑制因子筛选,确定了细胞质 OPP 途径的限速酶--6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶 2(PGD2)。我们的数据表明,PGD2 第 63 位的单个氨基酸替代(谷氨酸到赖氨酸)可促进产物从 PGD2 活性位点解离,从而增强其酶活性,增加 AAA 的积累,并部分恢复 adh2 的缺陷表型。系统进化分析表明,点突变发生在一个保存良好的氨基酸残基上。在 PGDs 的这一保守位点上存在不同氨基酸的植物具有不同的催化活性,从而表现出不同的 AAAs 生成能力。这些发现揭示了 OPP 途径与 AAAs 通过 PGD2 生物合成之间的遗传联系。在此发现的 PGD2 功能增益点突变可被视为一个潜在的工程目标,以改变 AAA 和下游化合物生产的代谢通量。
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引用次数: 0
Integration of perioperative features and intragraft TCF7L2 expression to predict lipid metabolic disorder in liver transplant recipients. 综合围手术期特征和移植体内 TCF7L2 表达预测肝移植受者的脂质代谢紊乱。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2590-x
Junbin Zhou, Rongli Wei, Guanghan Fan, Zhengxing Lian, Xuanyu Zhang, Linsong Tang, Zhetuo Qi, Haiyang Xie, Shusen Zheng, Qiang Wei, Xiao Xu
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引用次数: 0
An insect cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based gB vaccine elicits robust adaptive immune responses against Epstein-Barr virus. 基于细胞外囊泡的昆虫细胞源 gB 疫苗可激发针对 Epstein-Barr 病毒的强效适应性免疫反应。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2599-1
Qian Wu, Kaiyun Chen, Wenhui Xue, Guosong Wang, Yanbo Yang, Shaowei Li, Ningshao Xia, Yixin Chen

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first identified human tumor virus, is implicated in various human malignancies, infectious mononucleosis, and more recently, multiple sclerosis. Prophylactic vaccines have the potential to effectively prevent EBV infection. Glycoprotein B (gB) serves as the fusogen and plays a pivotal role in the virus entry process, making it a critical target for EBV vaccine development. Surface membrane proteins of enveloped viruses serve as native conformational antigens, making them susceptible to immune recognition. Utilizing lipid membrane-bound viral antigens is a promising strategy for effective vaccine presentation in this context. In this study, we employed a truncated design for gB proteins, observing that these truncated gB proteins prompted a substantial release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in insect cells. We verified that EVs exhibited abundant gB proteins, displaying the typical virus particle morphology and extracellular vesicle characteristics. gB EVs demonstrated a more efficient humoral and cellular immune response compared with the gB ectodomain trimer vaccine in mice. Moreover, the antisera induced by the gB EVs vaccine exhibited robust antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Consequently, gB EVs-based vaccines hold significant potential for preventing EBV infection and offer valuable insights for vaccine design.

爱泼斯坦-巴氏病毒(EBV)是最早被发现的人类肿瘤病毒,与多种人类恶性肿瘤、传染性单核细胞增多症以及最近的多发性硬化症有关。预防性疫苗有可能有效预防 EBV 感染。糖蛋白 B(gB)是病毒的融合原,在病毒进入过程中起着关键作用,因此是开发 EBV 疫苗的关键目标。包膜病毒的表面膜蛋白可作为原生构象抗原,使其易于被免疫识别。在这种情况下,利用脂质膜结合的病毒抗原是一种很有前景的有效疫苗展示策略。在这项研究中,我们采用了截短的 gB 蛋白设计,观察到这些截短的 gB 蛋白能促使昆虫细胞大量释放胞外囊泡(EVs)。我们证实,EVs 表现出丰富的 gB 蛋白,显示出典型的病毒颗粒形态和胞外囊泡特征。与 gB 外结构域三聚体疫苗相比,gB EVs 在小鼠体内表现出更有效的体液和细胞免疫反应。此外,gB EVs 疫苗诱导的抗血清表现出强大的抗体依赖性细胞毒性。因此,基于 gB EVs 的疫苗在预防 EBV 感染方面具有巨大潜力,并为疫苗设计提供了宝贵的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Resolving the developmental mechanisms of cardiac microthrombosis of SARS-CoV-2 based on single-cell transcriptome analysis. 基于单细胞转录组分析解析 SARS-CoV-2 心脏微血栓形成的发育机制
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2624-9
Xizi Luo, Nan Zhang, Yuntao Liu, Beibei Du, Xuan Wang, Tianxu Zhao, Bingqiang Liu, Shishun Zhao, Jiazhang Qiu, Guoqing Wang

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global health emergency. Systemic microthrombus caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is a common complication in patients with COVID-19. Cardiac microthrombosis as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the primary cause of cardiac injury and death in patietns with severe COVID-19. In this study, we performed single-cell sequencing analysis of the right ventricular free wall tissue from healthy donors, patients who died during the hypercoagulable period of characteristic coagulation abnormality (CAC), and patients who died during the fibrinolytic period of CAC. We collected 61,187 cells enriched in 24 immune cell subsets and 13 cardiac-resident cell subsets. We found that in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infected heart microthrombus, MYO1EhighRASGEF1Bhighmonocyte-derived macrophages promoted hyperactivation of the immune system and initiated the extrinsic coagulation pathway by activating chemokines CCL3, CCL5. This series of events is the main cause of cardiac microthrombi following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a SARS-CoV-2 infected heart microthrombus, excessive immune activation is accompanied by an increase in cellular iron content, which in turn promotes oxidative stress and intensifies intercellular competition. This induces cells to alter their metabolic environment, resulting in increased sugar uptake via the glycosaminoglycan synthesis pathway. In addition, high levels of reactive oxygen species generated by elevated iron levels promote increased endogenous malondialdehyde synthesis in a subpopulation of cardiac endothelial cells. This exacerbates endothelial cell dysfunction and exacerbates the coagulopathy process.

由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)引起的冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)疫情已发展成为全球卫生紧急事件。SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的全身微血栓是 COVID-19 患者的常见并发症。作为 SARS-CoV-2 感染并发症的心脏微血栓是严重 COVID-19 患者心脏损伤和死亡的主要原因。在这项研究中,我们对健康供体的右心室游离壁组织、在特征性凝血异常(CAC)的高凝期死亡的患者以及在CAC的纤溶期死亡的患者进行了单细胞测序分析。我们收集了 61,187 个细胞,其中富含 24 个免疫细胞亚群和 13 个心脏驻留细胞亚群。我们发现,在 SARS-CoV-2 感染心脏微血栓的过程中,MYO1EhighRASGEF1Bhighmonocyte-derived macrophages 促进了免疫系统的过度激活,并通过激活趋化因子 CCL3、CCL5 启动了外凝血途径。这一系列事件是 SARS-CoV-2 感染后心脏微血栓形成的主要原因。在 SARS-CoV-2 感染的心脏微血栓中,过度的免疫激活伴随着细胞铁含量的增加,这反过来又促进了氧化应激,加剧了细胞间的竞争。这促使细胞改变其代谢环境,导致通过糖胺聚糖合成途径摄取的糖分增加。此外,铁含量升高产生的大量活性氧会促进心脏内皮细胞亚群的内源性丙二醛合成增加。这加剧了内皮细胞功能障碍,并加剧了凝血过程。
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引用次数: 0
Dissecting the cell microenvironment of ovarian endometrioma through single-cell RNA sequencing. 通过单细胞 RNA 测序剖析卵巢子宫内膜瘤的细胞微环境。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2638-9
Jiangpeng Wu, Siyu Xia, Wenting Ye, Yan Sun, Jing Cai, Fubing Yu, Haiping Wen, Xiuwei Yi, Taikang Li, Mingwei Chen, Jiayun Chen, Ge Song, Chuanbin Yang, Yali Song, Jigang Wang

Ovarian endometrioma (OE), also known as "chocolate cysts," is a cystic mass that develops in the ovaries due to endometriosis and is a common gynecological condition characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, leading to symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and infertility. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms driving this pathophysiology remain largely unknown, posing challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Here, we employed integrated single-cell transcriptomic profiling of over 52,000 individual cells from endometrial tissues of OE patients and healthy donors and identified twelve major cell populations. We identified notable alterations in cell type-specific proportions and molecular signatures associated with OE. Notably, the activation of IGFBP5+ macrophages with pro-inflammatory properties, NK cell exhaustion, and aberrant proliferation of IQCG+ and KLF2+ epithelium are key features and may be the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of OE. Collectively, our data contribute to a better understanding of OE at the single cell level and may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

卵巢子宫内膜异位症(OE)又称 "巧克力囊肿",是由于子宫内膜异位症而在卵巢内形成的囊性肿块,是一种常见的妇科疾病,其特点是子宫内膜组织在子宫腔外生长,导致痛经、盆腔疼痛和不孕等症状。然而,驱动这种病理生理学的确切分子和细胞机制在很大程度上仍然未知,给诊断和治疗带来了挑战。在这里,我们对来自 OE 患者和健康捐献者子宫内膜组织的 52,000 多个单细胞进行了综合单细胞转录组分析,并确定了 12 个主要细胞群。我们发现了与 OE 相关的细胞类型特异性比例和分子特征的显著变化。值得注意的是,具有促炎特性的 IGFBP5+ 巨噬细胞的激活、NK 细胞衰竭以及 IQCG+ 和 KLF2+ 上皮细胞的异常增殖是关键特征,可能是 OE 潜在的发病机制。总之,我们的数据有助于从单细胞水平更好地了解 OE,并为开发新型治疗策略铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally. 氮的添加在全球范围内促进了土壤碳的积累。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2752-2
Xuemei Yang, Suhui Ma, Erhan Huang, Danhua Zhang, Guoping Chen, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Biao Zhu, Lingli Liu, Jingyun Fang

Soil is the largest carbon (C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate change. Increasing nitrogen (N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC (6.7%), with greater increases in croplands (10.6%) and forests (6.0%) compared to grasslands (2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C (9.7%-28.5%) over microbial-derived C (0.2%), as well as labile (5.7%) over recalcitrant components (-1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C (11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C (3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

土壤是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库,在调节全球碳循环和气候变化方面起着至关重要的作用。氮(N)沉积的增加被广泛认为是影响土壤有机碳(SOC)储存的关键因素,但其对具有不同稳定性的 SOC 成分的影响仍不清楚。在此,我们分析了来自全球 304 个地点的大量经验数据,以研究 SOC 及其组分如何对氮的增加做出反应。我们的分析表明,氮的添加导致大量 SOC 显著增加(6.7%),与草地(2.1%)相比,耕地(10.6%)和森林(6.0%)的增幅更大。在 SOC 成分方面,氮的添加促进了植物源 C 的积累(9.7%-28.5%),超过了微生物源 C 的积累(0.2%),也促进了可溶性 C 的积累(5.7%),超过了难溶性 C 的积累(-1.2%),从而导致植物源可溶性 C 的积累增加。与矿物相关有机碳(3.6%)相比,氮添加导致颗粒有机碳(11.9%)的增加幅度更大,这表明氮添加促进了所有碳库的碳积累,不稳定碳库的增加幅度大于稳定碳库。氮添加率和净初级生产力最能预测 SOC 及其组分的反应。总之,我们的研究结果表明,氮的富集可促进植物衍生和非矿物相关碳的积累,并随之降低土壤碳库的整体稳定性,这凸显了考虑氮富集对 SOC 组成成分的影响对更好地了解土壤中碳动态的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of a dual functional betulinic acid analog for the treatment of osteoarthritis by phenotypic screening. 通过表型筛选确定治疗骨关节炎的双功能白桦脂酸类似物。
IF 8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2587-2
Ze-Min Lin, Mai Xiang, Wen-Hui Wei, Shu-Hui Fan, Li Chen, Jie Wang, Xiao-Qian Yang, Chun-Hao Yang, Shi-Jun He, Jian-Ping Zuo
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引用次数: 0
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