Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.57472.5313
Alireza Nourbakhsh, A. Safarian, Sanaz Sadeghi
—In this paper, a new approach to optimize phase noise and Figure-of-Merit (FoM) in class-C oscillators is presented. This approach recruits DC voltage of the common source node of the switching pair transistors as an indicator to achieve the best performance of a class-C oscillator. The proposed indicator has the advantages of not introducing any loading effect to the output node, and independency from PVT changes. The method is simple and applicable to any oscillator with class-C topology, and with some modifications it would be applied to other oscillator topologies like class-B. The idea is verified using theoretical analysis, and circuit simulations on 0.18 µ m CMOS technology at 2GHz oscillation frequency. Moreover, a discrete prototype is fabricated at 15MHz and measurement results are provided which further validate feasibility of this approach.
{"title":"FoM Optimization in Class-C Oscillators","authors":"Alireza Nourbakhsh, A. Safarian, Sanaz Sadeghi","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.57472.5313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.57472.5313","url":null,"abstract":"—In this paper, a new approach to optimize phase noise and Figure-of-Merit (FoM) in class-C oscillators is presented. This approach recruits DC voltage of the common source node of the switching pair transistors as an indicator to achieve the best performance of a class-C oscillator. The proposed indicator has the advantages of not introducing any loading effect to the output node, and independency from PVT changes. The method is simple and applicable to any oscillator with class-C topology, and with some modifications it would be applied to other oscillator topologies like class-B. The idea is verified using theoretical analysis, and circuit simulations on 0.18 µ m CMOS technology at 2GHz oscillation frequency. Moreover, a discrete prototype is fabricated at 15MHz and measurement results are provided which further validate feasibility of this approach.","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82291051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.60423.6816
M. Jafari, A. Makui, A. Raisi
Firms outperforming competitors often get their success through innovation and new technological knowledge acquisition. This study offers a Three-Stage decision-making model for acquiring new technological knowledge and the optimal time to invest. In the first Stage, two competing firms decide to invest in a new technological knowledge without knowing its level. In the next stage, firms will develop and integrate it with their knowledge. Due to the uncertainty of new technological knowledge, a stochastic programming model is used to determine the optimal acquisition time. This model identifies the leader and follower by considering advantages such as branding and high market share as well as disadvantages such as high cost of uncertainty. Finally, we used Cournot and Stackelberg game to determine the winner in the market. The proposed model can be used as a decision-making tool to help organizations, in uncertainty, invest as leaders in acquiring new technological knowledge and entering the market, or wait until things are clear. The results of stochastic programing and game theory model show that the level of knowledge of firms at the time of production, knowledge absorption coefficient, and constant demand coefficient will have a special effect on determining the winner in the market
{"title":"A TWO-STAGE STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION BASED ON GAME THEORY","authors":"M. Jafari, A. Makui, A. Raisi","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.60423.6816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.60423.6816","url":null,"abstract":"Firms outperforming competitors often get their success through innovation and new technological knowledge acquisition. This study offers a Three-Stage decision-making model for acquiring new technological knowledge and the optimal time to invest. In the first Stage, two competing firms decide to invest in a new technological knowledge without knowing its level. In the next stage, firms will develop and integrate it with their knowledge. Due to the uncertainty of new technological knowledge, a stochastic programming model is used to determine the optimal acquisition time. This model identifies the leader and follower by considering advantages such as branding and high market share as well as disadvantages such as high cost of uncertainty. Finally, we used Cournot and Stackelberg game to determine the winner in the market. The proposed model can be used as a decision-making tool to help organizations, in uncertainty, invest as leaders in acquiring new technological knowledge and entering the market, or wait until things are clear. The results of stochastic programing and game theory model show that the level of knowledge of firms at the time of production, knowledge absorption coefficient, and constant demand coefficient will have a special effect on determining the winner in the market","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89404487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.60864.7028
M. N, G. Y. H., Yellamma Yellamma, Fateh Mebarek-oudina, M. Sankar
The joint influences of variable heat source patterns and temperature-reliant viscosity on the onset of convective motion in porous beds in the presence of gravity variance have been investigated. The linear analysis is performed using normal mode analysis and the Galerkin technique is applied to analyze the impact of variable heating and changeable gravity field on the behavior of system stability. The exponential temperature-dependent viscosity is considered. We examined three different types of heat source and gravity variance function combinations: Convection is accelerated by increases in viscosity and the gravity variance parameter, but decelerated by increases in the heat source strength. It has been shown that the configuration is more stable when the gravity variance and heat source functions are combined in instance (ii), but less stable when they are combined in case (iii).
{"title":"Effect of Variable Heat Source and Gravity Variance on the Convection in Porous Layer with Temperature-Dependent Viscosity","authors":"M. N, G. Y. H., Yellamma Yellamma, Fateh Mebarek-oudina, M. Sankar","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.60864.7028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.60864.7028","url":null,"abstract":"The joint influences of variable heat source patterns and temperature-reliant viscosity on the onset of convective motion in porous beds in the presence of gravity variance have been investigated. The linear analysis is performed using normal mode analysis and the Galerkin technique is applied to analyze the impact of variable heating and changeable gravity field on the behavior of system stability. The exponential temperature-dependent viscosity is considered. We examined three different types of heat source and gravity variance function combinations: Convection is accelerated by increases in viscosity and the gravity variance parameter, but decelerated by increases in the heat source strength. It has been shown that the configuration is more stable when the gravity variance and heat source functions are combined in instance (ii), but less stable when they are combined in case (iii).","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75079099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-18DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.61412.7291
D. A, B. P
The prediction of entropy generation with a thermal and exponential space dependent heat source of unsteady flow over a rotating disk is the artifact of the paper. For the specific physical model, Oldroyd-B within fluid flow is encrypted. Also, mechanism of cobalt and tantalum nanoparticles with in the blood is employed. The proper self-similarity variables are used to convert the non-linear PDE system of equations into an ODE form, which is then calculated using the Runge–Kutta 4 th with shooting technique and artificial neural network. Visual representations are used to show how different skewing interact with each other. With a few exceptions, the research findings of the model are quite consistent with those reported in the literature. Skin frictions decrease for the parameters like radiation, Eckert number, Brinkman number and exponential based heat source. Nusselt number rises for electric and unsteady parameters. Also, entropy generation rises for magnetic field and Brinkman number whereas opposite tendency is observed for the electric field. Since cobalt stimulates red blood cell production, while tantalum is employed in bone implants and iodinated agents for blood imaging due to its long circulation time. Thus, this research may be used to treat anemia.
{"title":"Entropy optimization of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow with non-linear radiation, exponential and thermal dependent heat source: Neuro-intelligent design","authors":"D. A, B. P","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.61412.7291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.61412.7291","url":null,"abstract":"The prediction of entropy generation with a thermal and exponential space dependent heat source of unsteady flow over a rotating disk is the artifact of the paper. For the specific physical model, Oldroyd-B within fluid flow is encrypted. Also, mechanism of cobalt and tantalum nanoparticles with in the blood is employed. The proper self-similarity variables are used to convert the non-linear PDE system of equations into an ODE form, which is then calculated using the Runge–Kutta 4 th with shooting technique and artificial neural network. Visual representations are used to show how different skewing interact with each other. With a few exceptions, the research findings of the model are quite consistent with those reported in the literature. Skin frictions decrease for the parameters like radiation, Eckert number, Brinkman number and exponential based heat source. Nusselt number rises for electric and unsteady parameters. Also, entropy generation rises for magnetic field and Brinkman number whereas opposite tendency is observed for the electric field. Since cobalt stimulates red blood cell production, while tantalum is employed in bone implants and iodinated agents for blood imaging due to its long circulation time. Thus, this research may be used to treat anemia.","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89628784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.60676.6935
A. Bedram
A
一个
{"title":"A novel method (a tube with successive increase and reduction in diameter) to increase nanofluid heat transfer in a tube","authors":"A. Bedram","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.60676.6935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.60676.6935","url":null,"abstract":"A","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79687646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.61209.7200
A. A. Ansari, Giribabu Dyanmina
{"title":"Real-Time Implementation of The Fuzzy Logic Controlled Parallel Protection Technique to Enhance the DFIG System's FRT Capability","authors":"A. A. Ansari, Giribabu Dyanmina","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.61209.7200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.61209.7200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72533438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.59239.6130
K. Ali, Anique Ahmad, Shahzad Ahmad
Flows involving two disks have significant applications in heat exchangers, rotating machinery parts, data storage devices, oceanography and viscometers. In this investigation, heat and mass transfer characteristics are examined in Casson flow between two orthogonally moving disks, with nonlinear thermal radiation under the slip and convective conditions, using the powerful tool of similarity transformation. A MATLAB code, based on quasi-linearization, has been developed for the numerical study. It is observed that, when the disks are receding, the disk expansion ratio raises the velocity profile near the center of the region between the two disks. The trend is, however, reversed when the disks are approaching each other. Moreover, all the governing parameters remarkably elevate the fluid temperature at a central region between the disks, for both cases. A remarkable lowering in concentration distribution is also noted with the Schmidt number and the chemical reaction parameter. Finally, compared to thermal and concentration profiles, it is the velocity distribution which is least affected.
{"title":"CONVECTION DRIVEN FLOW BETWEEN MOVING DISKS- A NON-LINEAR APPROACH FOR MODELLING THERMAL RADIATION","authors":"K. Ali, Anique Ahmad, Shahzad Ahmad","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.59239.6130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.59239.6130","url":null,"abstract":"Flows involving two disks have significant applications in heat exchangers, rotating machinery parts, data storage devices, oceanography and viscometers. In this investigation, heat and mass transfer characteristics are examined in Casson flow between two orthogonally moving disks, with nonlinear thermal radiation under the slip and convective conditions, using the powerful tool of similarity transformation. A MATLAB code, based on quasi-linearization, has been developed for the numerical study. It is observed that, when the disks are receding, the disk expansion ratio raises the velocity profile near the center of the region between the two disks. The trend is, however, reversed when the disks are approaching each other. Moreover, all the governing parameters remarkably elevate the fluid temperature at a central region between the disks, for both cases. A remarkable lowering in concentration distribution is also noted with the Schmidt number and the chemical reaction parameter. Finally, compared to thermal and concentration profiles, it is the velocity distribution which is least affected.","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90186233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.60138.6747
Halil Ibrahim Kemaneci, Oguz Ozan Yolcan, R. Kose
- This study investigated the thermal touch comfort of ceramic tiles. The surface temperature was calculated by calculating the heat transfer at the time of contact. It is explained how the thermal inertia phenomenon contributes to the calculation of the surface temperature, and ceramic tiles feel cold when touched. To examine tactile comfort, the structure of the human skin and the mechanism of sensing the temperature are shown. In addition, the surface temperatures during touch were calculated and compared for other coating materials at the same temperature as the ceramic tile. The applicability of the coating option and how close it is to the goal of increasing thermal comfort are discussed. Thus, by calculating how much the coated ceramic tile improves thermal comfort, an essential study has been put forward to evaluate the thermal comfort improvements made on many surfaces used as coating elements in buildings and touched by people. It was calculated that the thermal inertia could increase by 4% with a 0.25mm thin coating, and the prototype for this experiment was built. The calculated touch temperature of the coated ceramic tile increased by 0.2°C compared to the uncoated tile.
{"title":"Thermal Comfort and Energy Analysis in Ceramic Tile","authors":"Halil Ibrahim Kemaneci, Oguz Ozan Yolcan, R. Kose","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.60138.6747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.60138.6747","url":null,"abstract":"- This study investigated the thermal touch comfort of ceramic tiles. The surface temperature was calculated by calculating the heat transfer at the time of contact. It is explained how the thermal inertia phenomenon contributes to the calculation of the surface temperature, and ceramic tiles feel cold when touched. To examine tactile comfort, the structure of the human skin and the mechanism of sensing the temperature are shown. In addition, the surface temperatures during touch were calculated and compared for other coating materials at the same temperature as the ceramic tile. The applicability of the coating option and how close it is to the goal of increasing thermal comfort are discussed. Thus, by calculating how much the coated ceramic tile improves thermal comfort, an essential study has been put forward to evaluate the thermal comfort improvements made on many surfaces used as coating elements in buildings and touched by people. It was calculated that the thermal inertia could increase by 4% with a 0.25mm thin coating, and the prototype for this experiment was built. The calculated touch temperature of the coated ceramic tile increased by 0.2°C compared to the uncoated tile.","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82857399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.59366.6196
Hossein Ebrahimi, F. Kakavand, H. Seidi
: The optimal position and minimum support stiffness of a vibrating Timoshenko beam are investigated to maximize the fundamental frequency. The Finite element method is employed. According to the maximum-minimum theorem of Courant, the optimum position is at the zero of the second mode shape function. The intermediate support's position and minimal stiffness for a wide variety of slenderness proportions were achieved. It was observed that the ideal position of intermediate support and its minimum stiffness are sensitive to the slenderness ratio. Also, for thick cantilever beams with intermediate support at the optimal location, the minimum support stiffness is less than 266.9, which was reported in the literature for the Euler-Bernoulli beam. The minimum stiffness of familiar end conditions of an optimally located beam is presented for a wide range of slenderness ratios. Since, in many practical applications, it is impossible to locate support at the optimal position, the minimum support stiffness for a beam in which its intermediate support is not located at the optimal position is obtained for various boundary conditions and slenderness ratios. Furthermore, empirical evaluations were carried out, and the findings were contrasted with hypothetical estimates of the initial two natural frequencies.
{"title":"Minimum stiffness and optimal position of intermediate elastic support to maximize the fundamental frequency of a vibrating Timoshenko beam","authors":"Hossein Ebrahimi, F. Kakavand, H. Seidi","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.59366.6196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.59366.6196","url":null,"abstract":": The optimal position and minimum support stiffness of a vibrating Timoshenko beam are investigated to maximize the fundamental frequency. The Finite element method is employed. According to the maximum-minimum theorem of Courant, the optimum position is at the zero of the second mode shape function. The intermediate support's position and minimal stiffness for a wide variety of slenderness proportions were achieved. It was observed that the ideal position of intermediate support and its minimum stiffness are sensitive to the slenderness ratio. Also, for thick cantilever beams with intermediate support at the optimal location, the minimum support stiffness is less than 266.9, which was reported in the literature for the Euler-Bernoulli beam. The minimum stiffness of familiar end conditions of an optimally located beam is presented for a wide range of slenderness ratios. Since, in many practical applications, it is impossible to locate support at the optimal position, the minimum support stiffness for a beam in which its intermediate support is not located at the optimal position is obtained for various boundary conditions and slenderness ratios. Furthermore, empirical evaluations were carried out, and the findings were contrasted with hypothetical estimates of the initial two natural frequencies.","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85106277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.24200/sci.2023.60291.6709
Z. Nadi, A. Rahbar-kelishami, H. Shayesteh
23 In this study, a simple and efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure (DLLME) 24 was developed to remove diclofenac sodium (DF) from water samples. Various parameters such 25 as diclofenac concentration in aqueous phase (10-50 mg/L), process time (2-10 min), extraction 26 solvent concentration (0.005-0.025 M), and centrifuge speed (1000-5000 rpm) were investigated. 27 The experimental design was performed by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) 28 according to the central composite design to reduce the number of experiments and determine the 29 optimal extraction conditions. The effect of the single and simultaneous operational parameters 30 was evaluated. In this regard, the extraction concentration of 0.01 M, the initial diclofenac 31 concentration in aqueous phase 20 mg/L, the rotation speed of the centrifuge 4000 rpm, and the 32 residence time of 8 min were obtained as the optimum operating conditions. According to the 33 other studies and available findings, the ratio of two-phase organic and aqueous discharges 34 (Q org ⁄Q aq ) was set to 1:9. The diclofenac extraction from the aqueous phase was 77.91% in 35 optimum operating conditions. 36
{"title":"An effective dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for pharmaceutical extraction: Optimization via central composite design","authors":"Z. Nadi, A. Rahbar-kelishami, H. Shayesteh","doi":"10.24200/sci.2023.60291.6709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2023.60291.6709","url":null,"abstract":"23 In this study, a simple and efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure (DLLME) 24 was developed to remove diclofenac sodium (DF) from water samples. Various parameters such 25 as diclofenac concentration in aqueous phase (10-50 mg/L), process time (2-10 min), extraction 26 solvent concentration (0.005-0.025 M), and centrifuge speed (1000-5000 rpm) were investigated. 27 The experimental design was performed by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) 28 according to the central composite design to reduce the number of experiments and determine the 29 optimal extraction conditions. The effect of the single and simultaneous operational parameters 30 was evaluated. In this regard, the extraction concentration of 0.01 M, the initial diclofenac 31 concentration in aqueous phase 20 mg/L, the rotation speed of the centrifuge 4000 rpm, and the 32 residence time of 8 min were obtained as the optimum operating conditions. According to the 33 other studies and available findings, the ratio of two-phase organic and aqueous discharges 34 (Q org ⁄Q aq ) was set to 1:9. The diclofenac extraction from the aqueous phase was 77.91% in 35 optimum operating conditions. 36","PeriodicalId":21605,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Iranica","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84771722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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