Gravity effects are more prominent in thermal recovery simulations due to larger densitydifference between phases. Historically, the streamline method has been unable toaccount for gravity effects. This is a result of assuming that the fluid path follows thestreamline path and therefore no communication among streamlines. However with gravity,a fluid pathline is different from a fluid streamline. Each phase can move vertically asa result of the gravity segregation effect in addition to the flow along streamline.Gravity effects are accounted in the streamline method by an operator splitting technique.The idea is to isolate the convective flow from diffusion due to gravity for separatesolutions. The convective part is calculated along the common streamline trajectories andthe diffusion part is determined by the direction of gravity. While this has been done successfullyfor isothermal problems, it is still a challenge to obtain both accuracy and efficiencyfor non-isothermal flow. This paper further examines the mixed streamline methodwith an operator splitting technique for this class of problems. The pressure equation fordefining streamlines was derived by summing up the mass conservation equations. Then,the mass and heat transport equations in terms of the streamline time-of-flight coordinatewere solved for each streamline. A gravity step will be followed by solving the segregationequations over the dimensional grid. For simplification of modeling, heat was assumed totransfer by convection only, of which direction is parallel with the flowing phases and theinfluence of temperature in the simulation model is through changes in fluid viscosity only.The proposed approach was tested through simulation of heavy oil recovery by means ofhot waterflooding. The results were verified with those of a commercial fully implicit thermalsimulator.
{"title":"MODELING OF GRAVITY EFFECTS IN STREAMLINE-BASED SIMULATION FOR THERMAL RECOVERY","authors":"Usman Usman","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.3.976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.3.976","url":null,"abstract":"Gravity effects are more prominent in thermal recovery simulations due to larger densitydifference between phases. Historically, the streamline method has been unable toaccount for gravity effects. This is a result of assuming that the fluid path follows thestreamline path and therefore no communication among streamlines. However with gravity,a fluid pathline is different from a fluid streamline. Each phase can move vertically asa result of the gravity segregation effect in addition to the flow along streamline.Gravity effects are accounted in the streamline method by an operator splitting technique.The idea is to isolate the convective flow from diffusion due to gravity for separatesolutions. The convective part is calculated along the common streamline trajectories andthe diffusion part is determined by the direction of gravity. While this has been done successfullyfor isothermal problems, it is still a challenge to obtain both accuracy and efficiencyfor non-isothermal flow. This paper further examines the mixed streamline methodwith an operator splitting technique for this class of problems. The pressure equation fordefining streamlines was derived by summing up the mass conservation equations. Then,the mass and heat transport equations in terms of the streamline time-of-flight coordinatewere solved for each streamline. A gravity step will be followed by solving the segregationequations over the dimensional grid. For simplification of modeling, heat was assumed totransfer by convection only, of which direction is parallel with the flowing phases and theinfluence of temperature in the simulation model is through changes in fluid viscosity only.The proposed approach was tested through simulation of heavy oil recovery by means ofhot waterflooding. The results were verified with those of a commercial fully implicit thermalsimulator.","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77409477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulfur in diesel fuel will influence particulate matter emission either in exhaust gasflow or in atmosphere. The other effect of sulfur it can cause corrosion and engine wear.Further, sulfur also can influence on catalytic system in exhaust pipe. Due to this reasonsulfur level in diesel fuel should be set as lower as possible. The process can be used toreduce sulfur level is desulfurization process (hydrotreatment). At the hydrotreatment todesulfurize diesel fuel, lubricity can decrease, it is cause by reduction of fuel componentswhich have good natural lubricity.Lubricity, is very relevant to the satisfactory operation of diesel fuel engines whichrelay on the fuel to lubricate many of the moving and rubbing metal parts of the fuelinjection equipment. Some injection equipment may be at risk if operated on fuels of lowlubricity.Biodiesel as results of transesterification has a good lubricity, the test results of addingbiodiesel into a lower lubricity of diesel fuel indicate that biodiesel can be used to increasediesel fuel lubricity.
{"title":"BIODIESEL AS A LUBRICITY ADDITIVE FOR DIESEL FUEL","authors":"Pallawagau La Puppung","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.2.984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.2.984","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur in diesel fuel will influence particulate matter emission either in exhaust gasflow or in atmosphere. The other effect of sulfur it can cause corrosion and engine wear.Further, sulfur also can influence on catalytic system in exhaust pipe. Due to this reasonsulfur level in diesel fuel should be set as lower as possible. The process can be used toreduce sulfur level is desulfurization process (hydrotreatment). At the hydrotreatment todesulfurize diesel fuel, lubricity can decrease, it is cause by reduction of fuel componentswhich have good natural lubricity.Lubricity, is very relevant to the satisfactory operation of diesel fuel engines whichrelay on the fuel to lubricate many of the moving and rubbing metal parts of the fuelinjection equipment. Some injection equipment may be at risk if operated on fuels of lowlubricity.Biodiesel as results of transesterification has a good lubricity, the test results of addingbiodiesel into a lower lubricity of diesel fuel indicate that biodiesel can be used to increasediesel fuel lubricity.","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89940411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The last decade has observed frantic efforts by geoscientists to extract as much information as possible from seismic data. From the traditional role of establishing subsurface structural geometry, seismic processing and interpretations have evolved into an ever increasing role in providing rock physical properties such as acoustic impedance (AI) and porosity (0). The more common use of 3-D seismic surveys, in both exploration and development stages, have fur- ther underlined the role of seismic data as provider of inter-well rock property data. Further developments in the petrophysics-related seismic interpretation have also shown efforts to ex- tract information related to contents of formation rocks. From the widely acknowledged brightspot analysis for detecting presence of gas-bearing porous rocks in the last decades of the 20 century to the later efforts to extract information regarding fluid saturation in reservoir. Actually, as early as in mid- 1960s have scientists started to investigate the relations between acoustic signals and fluid saturation (e.g King, 1966; Domenico, 1976; Gregory, 1976). However, due to the fact that the then commonly used of 2-D seismic was considered as having insuf- ficient resolution for any practical uses in the field, the efforts remained mainly for academic purposes only. Rapid developments in technology of 3-D seis- mic survey and processing, as well as its more com- mon use at present have prompted attentions back to the investigations aimed at extracting fluid saturation information from seismie data. In 1990s have Widarsono and Saptono (1997) started a series of investigation through laboratory measurements and modeling using core samples. This was followed by more works not only at laboratory level but at larger levels of well and field scales (e.g. Widarsono Saptono, 2000a, 2000b, and 2001; and Widarsono et al, 2002a, 2000b). Other investigators (e.g. Furre Brevik, 2000; Wu, 2000; Zhu et al, 2000; and more recently Wu et al, 2005) have also devoted some works to achieving the same goal. Other paths of development have incorporated other supporting tech- niques such as non-linear regression (e.g.Balch et al, 1998) and artificial neural network (e.g. Poupon Ingram, 1999; Oldenziel et al, 2000).From various investigations using seismic waves as the sole data for fluid saturation extraction, short- comings were soon felt in the form of 'narrow bands' of acoustic signals (ie P-wave velocity, V, and acoustic impedance, AI) that are influenced by varia- tions in fluid saturation. In other words, V, and AI are not too influenced by variation in fluid saturation. This reduces the effectiveness of seismic-derived V and Al as fluid saturation indicators. Efforts were then devoted to link V, and AI to other parameters such as rock true resistivity (R), a parameter known to be very sensitive to variation in fluid saturation. Widarsono and Saptono (2003, 2004) provide laboratory verifications and first field trial w
在过去的十年里，地球科学家们疯狂地从地震数据中提取尽可能多的信息。从建立地下结构几何的传统作用，地震处理和解释在提供岩石物理性质(如声阻抗(AI)和孔隙度(0))方面的作用越来越大。在勘探和开发阶段，三维地震调查的应用越来越普遍，这进一步强调了地震数据作为井间岩石性质数据的提供者的作用。与岩石物理有关的地震解释的进一步发展也显示出提取与地层岩石含量有关的信息的努力。从20世纪最后几十年被广泛认可的用于检测含气多孔岩石存在的亮点分析，到后来用于提取储层流体饱和度信息的努力。实际上，早在20世纪60年代中期，科学家们就开始研究声信号与流体饱和度之间的关系(如King, 1966;多梅尼科,1976;格里高利,1976)。然而，由于当时普遍使用的二维地震被认为在现场的任何实际应用中具有不足的分辨率，因此这些努力仍然主要用于学术目的。随着三维地震测量与处理技术的迅速发展和日益普遍的应用，从地震资料中提取流体饱和度信息的研究又重新受到重视。在20世纪90年代，Widarsono和Saptono(1997)通过实验室测量和使用岩心样本建模开始了一系列的调查。随后，不仅在实验室水平，而且在更大的井和现场规模上进行了更多的工作(例如，Widarsono Saptono, 2000a, 2000b和2001;和Widarsono等人，2002a, 2000b)。其他研究者(如Furre Brevik, 2000;吴,2000;Zhu et al .， 2000;最近Wu et al, 2005)也投入了一些工作来实现同样的目标。其他的发展路径包含了其他支持技术，如非线性回归(如balch等人，1998年)和人工神经网络(如Poupon Ingram, 1999年;Oldenziel et al, 2000)。从使用地震波作为流体饱和度提取的唯一数据的各种研究中，很快就发现了受流体饱和度变化影响的声信号(即p波速度，V和声阻抗，AI)的“窄带”形式的缺点。也就是说，V和AI不受流体饱和度变化的太大影响。这降低了地震导出的V和Al作为流体饱和度指标的有效性。然后致力于将V和AI与其他参数联系起来，例如岩石真电阻率(R)，该参数对流体饱和度的变化非常敏感。Widarsono和Saptono(2003,2004)提供了实验室验证和首次现场试验，并取得了一定程度的成功。然而，上述工作仍然采用了理论公式中的某些假设(即恒定/均匀孔隙率)，这反过来又降低了生成和使用的所得公式的有效性。本文是由三部分组成的工作的第一部分，致力于重新制定Gassmann理论与Poupon和Hossin页岩砂水饱和度模型的结合。这些模型将取代上述工作中使用的无页岩的Archie模型，该模型被认为对大多数现场应用无效。通过这种重新表述，希望得到一个更稳健的电阻率作为声阻抗函数(R， = fAI)的模型/公式，从而可以从地震声阻抗中提取更可靠的电阻率。综上所述，本文提出的部分工作的目标是建立一种从地震声阻抗(AI)获得地层岩石真电阻率(R)的模型/方法，并对Widarsono Saptono(2003,2004)中报道的先前工作进行修正/修改。
{"title":"Seismic-Derived Rock True Resistivity (R) Revisited. Part I: Reformulation Of Combined Gassmann – Shaly Sand Models","authors":"B. Widarsono, Merkurius F Mendrofa","doi":"10.29017/scog.29.2.867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.29.2.867","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has observed frantic efforts by geoscientists to extract as much information as possible from seismic data. From the traditional role of establishing subsurface structural geometry, seismic processing and interpretations have evolved into an ever increasing role in providing rock physical properties such as acoustic impedance (AI) and porosity (0). The more common use of 3-D seismic surveys, in both exploration and development stages, have fur- ther underlined the role of seismic data as provider of inter-well rock property data. Further developments in the petrophysics-related seismic interpretation have also shown efforts to ex- tract information related to contents of formation rocks. From the widely acknowledged brightspot analysis for detecting presence of gas-bearing porous rocks in the last decades of the 20 century to the later efforts to extract information regarding fluid saturation in reservoir. Actually, as early as in mid- 1960s have scientists started to investigate the relations between acoustic signals and fluid saturation (e.g King, 1966; Domenico, 1976; Gregory, 1976). However, due to the fact that the then commonly used of 2-D seismic was considered as having insuf- ficient resolution for any practical uses in the field, the efforts remained mainly for academic purposes only. Rapid developments in technology of 3-D seis- mic survey and processing, as well as its more com- mon use at present have prompted attentions back to the investigations aimed at extracting fluid saturation information from seismie data. In 1990s have Widarsono and Saptono (1997) started a series of investigation through laboratory measurements and modeling using core samples. This was followed by more works not only at laboratory level but at larger levels of well and field scales (e.g. Widarsono Saptono, 2000a, 2000b, and 2001; and Widarsono et al, 2002a, 2000b). Other investigators (e.g. Furre Brevik, 2000; Wu, 2000; Zhu et al, 2000; and more recently Wu et al, 2005) have also devoted some works to achieving the same goal. Other paths of development have incorporated other supporting tech- niques such as non-linear regression (e.g.Balch et al, 1998) and artificial neural network (e.g. Poupon Ingram, 1999; Oldenziel et al, 2000).From various investigations using seismic waves as the sole data for fluid saturation extraction, short- comings were soon felt in the form of 'narrow bands' of acoustic signals (ie P-wave velocity, V, and acoustic impedance, AI) that are influenced by varia- tions in fluid saturation. In other words, V, and AI are not too influenced by variation in fluid saturation. This reduces the effectiveness of seismic-derived V and Al as fluid saturation indicators. Efforts were then devoted to link V, and AI to other parameters such as rock true resistivity (R), a parameter known to be very sensitive to variation in fluid saturation. Widarsono and Saptono (2003, 2004) provide laboratory verifications and first field trial w","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77204995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important parameter of surfactant flooding in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes is the interfacial tension (IFT) reduction between the injecting fluid and the reservoir oil. To measure the IFT precisely and accurately at high pressure and temperature, Pendant Drop Apparatus had been set up. IFT between surfactant solution and reservoir oil have been investigated at several different pressure and temperature. The working pressure ranged from 0 psig up to 5000 psig, and the temperature varied from ambient condition to 80oC. The results indicated that the interfacial tension behavior of surfactant solution and reservoir oil was very unique characteristics as the pressure and temperature increase. However, some conclusion can be withdrawn from these experiments. Increasing pressure causes relatively minor change in IFT. On the other hand the rise of temperature tended to raise the IFT much more significant. Since the surfactant solution having unique behavior therefore it is recommended that IFT must be measured in laboratory at the reservoir condition before injecting in to a reservoir.
{"title":"Interfacial Tension Between Injecting Fluid And Reservoir Oil At Elevated Pressure And Temperature","authors":"Sugihardjo Sugihardjo","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.1.863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.1.863","url":null,"abstract":"An important parameter of surfactant flooding in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes is the interfacial tension (IFT) reduction between the injecting fluid and the reservoir oil. To measure the IFT precisely and accurately at high pressure and temperature, Pendant Drop Apparatus had been set up. IFT between surfactant solution and reservoir oil have been investigated at several different pressure and temperature. The working pressure ranged from 0 psig up to 5000 psig, and the temperature varied from ambient condition to 80oC. The results indicated that the interfacial tension behavior of surfactant solution and reservoir oil was very unique characteristics as the pressure and temperature increase. However, some conclusion can be withdrawn from these experiments. Increasing pressure causes relatively minor change in IFT. On the other hand the rise of temperature tended to raise the IFT much more significant. Since the surfactant solution having unique behavior therefore it is recommended that IFT must be measured in laboratory at the reservoir condition before injecting in to a reservoir.","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aromatic content in gasoline fuels should be limited due to its influencies to the cleanessof engine combustion chamber and emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide andhidrocarbon. Ussually the highest aromatic content mean more higher its benzene contentand it will couse increase of air pullotion. According to specification of gasoline 91(SKNo. 3674 k/24/DJM/2006), maximum aromatic content is 50 % volume. Those specificationconform to catagory 1 of World Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC). However, aromatic and benzenecontent test on domestic gasoline in Indonesia obviously fulfil maximum limit for gasolinecatagory 2 of WWCF. Effect of several volume variaties of aromatic content in gasoline91 againts deposit development and cleaness (rating) of engine combution chamberwill be discuss in this paper.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF GASOLINE’S AROMATIC CONTENT ON ENGINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER DEPOSIT FORMING","authors":"Djainuddin Semar, Nur Ahadiat","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.1.973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.1.973","url":null,"abstract":"Aromatic content in gasoline fuels should be limited due to its influencies to the cleanessof engine combustion chamber and emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide andhidrocarbon. Ussually the highest aromatic content mean more higher its benzene contentand it will couse increase of air pullotion. According to specification of gasoline 91(SKNo. 3674 k/24/DJM/2006), maximum aromatic content is 50 % volume. Those specificationconform to catagory 1 of World Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC). However, aromatic and benzenecontent test on domestic gasoline in Indonesia obviously fulfil maximum limit for gasolinecatagory 2 of WWCF. Effect of several volume variaties of aromatic content in gasoline91 againts deposit development and cleaness (rating) of engine combution chamberwill be discuss in this paper.","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79375455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The palynological investigation of the Paleogene sediments is based on cutting samples collected from the exploration wells which are drilled in East Java area. The occurrence of pollen Meyeripollis naharkotensis and spore Cicatricosisporites dorogensis in the upper well sections suggests the pollen zone of Meyeripollis naharkotensis which is equivalent to Oligocene age. Meanwhile, the occurrence of pollen Proxapertites operculatus and spore Cicatricosisporites eocenicus below Meyeripollis naharkotensis zone indicates the appearance of Proxapertites operculatus zone within the lower sections which is equivalent to Eocene. In addition, foraminiferal and nannoplankton analyses confirm the Oligocene-Eocene age by identifying the occurrence of letter stage of Te4-Tb and nanno zone of NP20-P25. The appearance of the Gondwanan/Australian elements including Dacrydium and Casuarina with common and regular occurrences throughout the studied sections are controversial as these pollen were firstly recorded in the younger sediments (Early Miocene) of other areas such as Northwest Java sea, South Sumatra and Natuna sea following the collision of the Australian plate and the Sundaland in the latest Oligocene. Furthermore, the absence of these palynomorphs within the Paleogene sediments of Central Java and South Sulawesi strengthens the above assumption. Therefore, in regard to East Java, the appearance of Dacrydium and Casuarina may indicate earlier arrival of the Gondwanan/ Australian fragment in this area compared to that in other areas of Indonesia.
{"title":"Gondwanan Palynomorphs From The Paleogene Sediments Of East Java The Evidence Of Earlier Arrival","authors":"E. B. Lelono","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.2.864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.2.864","url":null,"abstract":"The palynological investigation of the Paleogene sediments is based on cutting samples collected from the exploration wells which are drilled in East Java area. The occurrence of pollen Meyeripollis naharkotensis and spore Cicatricosisporites dorogensis in the upper well sections suggests the pollen zone of Meyeripollis naharkotensis which is equivalent to Oligocene age. Meanwhile, the occurrence of pollen Proxapertites operculatus and spore Cicatricosisporites eocenicus below Meyeripollis naharkotensis zone indicates the appearance of Proxapertites operculatus zone within the lower sections which is equivalent to Eocene. In addition, foraminiferal and nannoplankton analyses confirm the Oligocene-Eocene age by identifying the occurrence of letter stage of Te4-Tb and nanno zone of NP20-P25. The appearance of the Gondwanan/Australian elements including Dacrydium and Casuarina with common and regular occurrences throughout the studied sections are controversial as these pollen were firstly recorded in the younger sediments (Early Miocene) of other areas such as Northwest Java sea, South Sumatra and Natuna sea following the collision of the Australian plate and the Sundaland in the latest Oligocene. Furthermore, the absence of these palynomorphs within the Paleogene sediments of Central Java and South Sulawesi strengthens the above assumption. Therefore, in regard to East Java, the appearance of Dacrydium and Casuarina may indicate earlier arrival of the Gondwanan/ Australian fragment in this area compared to that in other areas of Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89594027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calcium sulfate scale is a type of scale found in petroleum industry and shows seriousproblem, because it can plug pore media and cause a decrease in production rate.Actual calcium sulfate (CaSO4) concentrations of S1, S2, S3 and S4 injection watersamples were in the range of 0.0208 to 0.4583 meq/l. While, the values of solubility ofS1, S2, S3 and S4 water samples at 77,145 and 1770F are in a range of 23.20 to 27.43meq/l. Based on the results of calcium sulfate scaling tendency calculations showed thatthe values of solubility of S1, S2, S3 and S4 water samples at various temperature conditions(77,140 and 1750F) are higher than actual CaSO4 concentrations for the samewater samples. No occurrence of CaSO4 scale was found in all analyzed injection watersamples at different temperature conditions (77,140 and 1750F).
{"title":"STUDY OF CALCIUM SULFATE SCALING INDEX TENDENCY CALCULATIONS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS IN INJECTION WATER SAMPLES FROM OILFIELDS","authors":"Tjuwati Makmur","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.3.975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.3.975","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium sulfate scale is a type of scale found in petroleum industry and shows seriousproblem, because it can plug pore media and cause a decrease in production rate.Actual calcium sulfate (CaSO4) concentrations of S1, S2, S3 and S4 injection watersamples were in the range of 0.0208 to 0.4583 meq/l. While, the values of solubility ofS1, S2, S3 and S4 water samples at 77,145 and 1770F are in a range of 23.20 to 27.43meq/l. Based on the results of calcium sulfate scaling tendency calculations showed thatthe values of solubility of S1, S2, S3 and S4 water samples at various temperature conditions(77,140 and 1750F) are higher than actual CaSO4 concentrations for the samewater samples. No occurrence of CaSO4 scale was found in all analyzed injection watersamples at different temperature conditions (77,140 and 1750F).","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72595833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seismo-electric phenomena gained more attention from geophysicists over the last decade.The development of theoretical background and the success of laboratory experimentsas well as limited field applications give a lot of opportunities and hope as a meansfor providing exploration and production data. Seismo-electric effect accommodates anyphenomena which links seismic and electrical energy including seismic to electric conversionas well as electro kinetic in origin.Experiment has been conducted to prove that free ions can be considered to accumulateinside a granite crack containing crude oil which in turn can generate stream oscillatoryelectric current when a seismic wave hit the fracture. As a result, electric potential canbe detected at the mouth of the fracture which intersects the borehole. The environmentalnature of the mouth which is full of fluid facilitates the detection of high resolution seismoelectricsignal by simple electrodes which is made of metal.
{"title":"SEISMO-ELECTRIC PHENOMENA FROM GRANITE CRACK CONTAINING CRUDE OIL","authors":"S. Munadi","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.1.974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.1.974","url":null,"abstract":"Seismo-electric phenomena gained more attention from geophysicists over the last decade.The development of theoretical background and the success of laboratory experimentsas well as limited field applications give a lot of opportunities and hope as a meansfor providing exploration and production data. Seismo-electric effect accommodates anyphenomena which links seismic and electrical energy including seismic to electric conversionas well as electro kinetic in origin.Experiment has been conducted to prove that free ions can be considered to accumulateinside a granite crack containing crude oil which in turn can generate stream oscillatoryelectric current when a seismic wave hit the fracture. As a result, electric potential canbe detected at the mouth of the fracture which intersects the borehole. The environmentalnature of the mouth which is full of fluid facilitates the detection of high resolution seismoelectricsignal by simple electrodes which is made of metal.","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77034158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To fulfill yearly increase National demand for fuel oils (FO), therefor this paperconducted to researched the posibility added low sulfur wax residue (LSWR) into Nationalfuel oil comersial to some percentage volume againts its characteristic changes.Base on its pour point, the fuel oils modification formula, named FO-90 that has pourpoint 90oF, this formula content 6% volume LSWR.The laboratory test result, shown that nearly all characteristic fuel oils modification isconform with current domestic fuel oils specification 2, issued by Directorate GeneralOils and Gas on behalf of Indonesian goverment in their SK No. 03/P/DM/MIGAS/1986dated April 14, 1986.This paper proposes fuel oils specification, as input for government policy in reformulationof Indonesian fuel oils specification which confirm with international fuel oil specification.
{"title":"THE EFFECT ADDITION OF LSWR INTO FUEL OILS AGAINST ALTERATION ITS PHYSICALS AND CHEMICALS PROPERTIES","authors":"Djainuddin Semar, Nur Ahadiat","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.3.980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.3.980","url":null,"abstract":"To fulfill yearly increase National demand for fuel oils (FO), therefor this paperconducted to researched the posibility added low sulfur wax residue (LSWR) into Nationalfuel oil comersial to some percentage volume againts its characteristic changes.Base on its pour point, the fuel oils modification formula, named FO-90 that has pourpoint 90oF, this formula content 6% volume LSWR.The laboratory test result, shown that nearly all characteristic fuel oils modification isconform with current domestic fuel oils specification 2, issued by Directorate GeneralOils and Gas on behalf of Indonesian goverment in their SK No. 03/P/DM/MIGAS/1986dated April 14, 1986.This paper proposes fuel oils specification, as input for government policy in reformulationof Indonesian fuel oils specification which confirm with international fuel oil specification.","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75926151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of fluid content to the sonic wave propagation in the reservoir rock hasbeen studied experimentally using the well log data. Evidence shows that the water contentaffects the sonic wave propagation only in a specific interval, while oil content also affectsthe sonic wave propagation but at a specific low interval. There is a discontinuity wherethe effect of oil content changes suddenly with an increasing oil content. Higher than thisvalue it seems that there is no effect of oil content on sonic wave transit time.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF OIL CONTENT ON SONIC WAVE PROPAGATION (Analyses from Well Log Data)","authors":"S. Munadi","doi":"10.29017/scog.30.2.983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29017/scog.30.2.983","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of fluid content to the sonic wave propagation in the reservoir rock hasbeen studied experimentally using the well log data. Evidence shows that the water contentaffects the sonic wave propagation only in a specific interval, while oil content also affectsthe sonic wave propagation but at a specific low interval. There is a discontinuity wherethe effect of oil content changes suddenly with an increasing oil content. Higher than thisvalue it seems that there is no effect of oil content on sonic wave transit time.","PeriodicalId":21649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72743066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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