Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-111-123
G. Musheghyan, G. Arajyan, М. V. Poghosyan, J. Sarkissian
Neurodegenerative diseases are going to increase as the life expectancy is getting longer. Most patients with neurodegenerative diseases (ND) complain of pain, the origin of which remains largely unknown and requires further research. One of the reasons why the topic of pain and PD is difficult to address is that it is sometimes tough to discern whether a particular pain is due to PD or not. Chronic pain is such a common symptom among the general population, and people with PD are not immune to common problems as well. However, there are aspects of PD that may exacerbate the pain experienced from a common problem. In addition, there are particular types of pain that may be unique to people with PD. There is a frequent and more intense onset of pain in Parkinson’s disease, as the most important non-motor symptom, with a violation of both the emotional measurement of pain and the subjective perception of its intensity. In addition, various types of pain have been described in PD, mainly neuropathic or nociceptive. The presence of pain symptoms is often not taken into account in the recommendations for treatment, leaving their management at the discretion of only doctors. Studies focusing on pain frequency in such disorders suggest a high prevalence of pain in selected populations from 40% to 86% in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The methods of pain assessment vary between studies so the type of pain has been rarely reported. However, a prevalent nonneuropathic origin of pain emerged for PD. The electrophysiological investigations on 8 rats Albino lines (230±30g.) has been conducted: intacts (5 animals) and on the rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) (3 animals) has been conducted. The extracellular recording of impulse activity 229 single neurons of ventral-posterolateral nucleus (nVPL) of thalamus on high frequency stimulation of second somatosensory cortex of the brain has been produced. Analyses of relative degree frequency intensity of depressor and excitatory effects, on the bases of diagrams of average frequency of impulses, presented as disk graphs in mentioned conditions following changes of tetanic depressor and excitatory reactions, accompanied by posttetanic depressor and potentiation has been revealed. On the model of PD in both sequences, in comparison with norm, reduction in the number of neurons, responded by inhibitory poststimulus reactions has been revealed. The prestimulus frequency of nVPL neurons impulse activity, preceding to both inhibitory and excitatory sequences, in comparison with, dramatically increased turned out to be. The poststimulus frequency of impulse activity on the model of PD, accompanied by inhibitory and excitatory sequences also significantly increased turned out to be. A significant shift of frequency of pre- and poststimulus activity in pathology is a consequence of the development of excitotoxicity, that is fraught with apoptosis and dead. In conclusion, on the model of PD the excitotoxicity revealed in
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF THE IMPULSE ACTIVITY OF NEURONS IN THE VENTRAL POSTEROLATERAL NUCLEUS (VPL) OF THE RAT’S THALAMUS IN RESPONSE TO SOMATOSENSOR CORE STIMULATION IN A PARKINSON’S DISEASE MODEL","authors":"G. Musheghyan, G. Arajyan, М. V. Poghosyan, J. Sarkissian","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-111-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-111-123","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases are going to increase as the life expectancy is getting longer. Most patients with neurodegenerative diseases (ND) complain of pain, the origin of which remains largely unknown and requires further research. One of the reasons why the topic of pain and PD is difficult to address is that it is sometimes tough to discern whether a particular pain is due to PD or not. Chronic pain is such a common symptom among the general population, and people with PD are not immune to common problems as well. However, there are aspects of PD that may exacerbate the pain experienced from a common problem. In addition, there are particular types of pain that may be unique to people with PD. There is a frequent and more intense onset of pain in Parkinson’s disease, as the most important non-motor symptom, with a violation of both the emotional measurement of pain and the subjective perception of its intensity. In addition, various types of pain have been described in PD, mainly neuropathic or nociceptive. The presence of pain symptoms is often not taken into account in the recommendations for treatment, leaving their management at the discretion of only doctors. Studies focusing on pain frequency in such disorders suggest a high prevalence of pain in selected populations from 40% to 86% in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The methods of pain assessment vary between studies so the type of pain has been rarely reported. However, a prevalent nonneuropathic origin of pain emerged for PD. The electrophysiological investigations on 8 rats Albino lines (230±30g.) has been conducted: intacts (5 animals) and on the rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) (3 animals) has been conducted. The extracellular recording of impulse activity 229 single neurons of ventral-posterolateral nucleus (nVPL) of thalamus on high frequency stimulation of second somatosensory cortex of the brain has been produced. Analyses of relative degree frequency intensity of depressor and excitatory effects, on the bases of diagrams of average frequency of impulses, presented as disk graphs in mentioned conditions following changes of tetanic depressor and excitatory reactions, accompanied by posttetanic depressor and potentiation has been revealed. On the model of PD in both sequences, in comparison with norm, reduction in the number of neurons, responded by inhibitory poststimulus reactions has been revealed. The prestimulus frequency of nVPL neurons impulse activity, preceding to both inhibitory and excitatory sequences, in comparison with, dramatically increased turned out to be. The poststimulus frequency of impulse activity on the model of PD, accompanied by inhibitory and excitatory sequences also significantly increased turned out to be. A significant shift of frequency of pre- and poststimulus activity in pathology is a consequence of the development of excitotoxicity, that is fraught with apoptosis and dead. In conclusion, on the model of PD the excitotoxicity revealed in ","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77320212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-90-102
V. Kulagina, L. M. Sungatullina, S. S. Ryazanov, M. KhayrullinaA., R. R. Shagidullin, E. H. Rupova
Organic farming is designed to maintain soil fertility and to assist biodiversity restoration. Developing of methods for assessment of ecological and biological state of soil under organic agriculture is becoming an increasingly urgent task. The purpose of the current work is to evaluate the capabilities of an integrated indicator to identify significant differences in ecological and biological soil states under organic and traditional farming management. The proposed integral indices were calculated on the basis of the number of trophic groups of microorganisms, ecological and trophic indices, and nitrogen and humus soil content. The studies were performed on gray forest soils of the two farms located in the Mamadyshsky and Vysokogorsky districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. The soils of fields with traditional farming and fields where the organic farming system has been used for 3–5 years were compared. In the samples taken in 2019, the following parameters were determined: the content of humus and total nitrogen, the number of 6 trophic groups of microorganisms, the coefficient of mineralization, and the index of pedotrophy. The studied parameters were ranked in the following order of informativeness for separating soils of organic and traditional fields: the number of amylolytics and actinomycetes > the number of ammonifiers > the number of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms, pedotrophs, micromycetes > the content of humus, total nitrogen> the index of pedotrophy, the coefficient of mineralization / immobilization. The variability in the number of trophic groups of microorganisms is generally medium and high. The values of the studied parameters, in addition to the number of pedotrophic and cellulose-destroying microorganisms, increased in the following order: soils of traditional fields < soils of organic fields < virgin soils. The number of pedotrophs and cellulose-destroying microorganisms, on the contrary, decreased from traditional fields to virgin areas, therefore, to calculate the integral indicator of the biological state of soils (IPBS), it was decided to use not just the point obtained from the number of these groups of microorganisms, but the inverted value «100 – point». The calculation of the integral indicator of the biological state of soils was carried out first using all 10 studied parameters, and then 8, 6, and 3 of the most informative ones. The least informative ones were excluded from the calculation. It was shown that the IGBP reflected the level of anthropogenic loads in all cases. When all 10 parameters were used, the integral indicator changed naturally in the following order: virgin background area – organic fields – traditional fields. The maximum value of the integral indicator of the biological state was observed in the virgin area, which is distinguished by the best biological state of soils, in organic fields the values of the integral indicator are lower, and in traditional fields – the lowest. With a sequen
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE SET OF PARAMETERS FOR AN INTEGRAL EVALUATION OF AN ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE","authors":"V. Kulagina, L. M. Sungatullina, S. S. Ryazanov, M. KhayrullinaA., R. R. Shagidullin, E. H. Rupova","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-90-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-90-102","url":null,"abstract":"Organic farming is designed to maintain soil fertility and to assist biodiversity restoration. Developing of methods for assessment of ecological and biological state of soil under organic agriculture is becoming an increasingly urgent task. The purpose of the current work is to evaluate the capabilities of an integrated indicator to identify significant differences in ecological and biological soil states under organic and traditional farming management. The proposed integral indices were calculated on the basis of the number of trophic groups of microorganisms, ecological and trophic indices, and nitrogen and humus soil content. The studies were performed on gray forest soils of the two farms located in the Mamadyshsky and Vysokogorsky districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. The soils of fields with traditional farming and fields where the organic farming system has been used for 3–5 years were compared. In the samples taken in 2019, the following parameters were determined: the content of humus and total nitrogen, the number of 6 trophic groups of microorganisms, the coefficient of mineralization, and the index of pedotrophy. The studied parameters were ranked in the following order of informativeness for separating soils of organic and traditional fields: the number of amylolytics and actinomycetes > the number of ammonifiers > the number of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms, pedotrophs, micromycetes > the content of humus, total nitrogen> the index of pedotrophy, the coefficient of mineralization / immobilization. The variability in the number of trophic groups of microorganisms is generally medium and high. The values of the studied parameters, in addition to the number of pedotrophic and cellulose-destroying microorganisms, increased in the following order: soils of traditional fields < soils of organic fields < virgin soils. The number of pedotrophs and cellulose-destroying microorganisms, on the contrary, decreased from traditional fields to virgin areas, therefore, to calculate the integral indicator of the biological state of soils (IPBS), it was decided to use not just the point obtained from the number of these groups of microorganisms, but the inverted value «100 – point». The calculation of the integral indicator of the biological state of soils was carried out first using all 10 studied parameters, and then 8, 6, and 3 of the most informative ones. The least informative ones were excluded from the calculation. It was shown that the IGBP reflected the level of anthropogenic loads in all cases. When all 10 parameters were used, the integral indicator changed naturally in the following order: virgin background area – organic fields – traditional fields. The maximum value of the integral indicator of the biological state was observed in the virgin area, which is distinguished by the best biological state of soils, in organic fields the values of the integral indicator are lower, and in traditional fields – the lowest. With a sequen","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80099808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-175-196
E. Chuyan, I. Mironyuk, I. Cheretaev, M. Ravaeva, T. Grishina, R. N. Ablaeva
The effect of acetylsalicylic acid and its complex compounds with the metals cobalt (Co2+), zinc (Zn2+), nickel (Ni2+) and manganese (Mn2+) at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg on the parameters of the rat cardiorespiratory system was studied. It is shown that in the process of complexation of acetylsalicylic acid with bimetals, there is not only an increase or decrease in certain effects inherent in the precursor molecule – acetylsalicylic acid, but also the appearance of new properties, the manifestation of which is dose-dependent. The study was carried out on the basis of the Center for collective use of scientific equipment «Experimental Physiology and Biophysics» of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology and Biophysics of the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. The research of the biological effect of the acetylsalicylic acid, АСCo2+, АСZn2+, АСNi2+, АСMn2+was carried out during their intraperitoneal injection into rats in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Simultaneously the following characteristics of all the groups’ animals were registered: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The pulse pressure (PP) was calculated on the basis of the SBP and DBP indices difference. BP, HR and RR of the rats were registered with the help of the system NIBP200A («BiopacSystems, Inc.», USA). The experimental data obtained in our studies confirm the literature data, which show that in the process of complexation there is not only an increase or decrease in certain effects that are characteristic of precursor molecules-salicylates, but also the appearance of new properties of derived substances. This suggests that certain biological effects of salicylates may be associated with interaction with metalloenzymes. Thus, the obtained data confirm the cardiotropic effectiveness of new coordination compounds, show the dose dependence of these effects and open up the prospects for further studies of their biological action when used repeatedly in chronic experiments.
{"title":"DOSE-DEPENDENT CARDIOTROPIC EFFECTS OF ACETYLSALICYLATES","authors":"E. Chuyan, I. Mironyuk, I. Cheretaev, M. Ravaeva, T. Grishina, R. N. Ablaeva","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-175-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-175-196","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of acetylsalicylic acid and its complex compounds with the metals cobalt (Co2+), zinc (Zn2+), nickel (Ni2+) and manganese (Mn2+) at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg on the parameters of the rat cardiorespiratory system was studied. It is shown that in the process of complexation of acetylsalicylic acid with bimetals, there is not only an increase or decrease in certain effects inherent in the precursor molecule – acetylsalicylic acid, but also the appearance of new properties, the manifestation of which is dose-dependent. The study was carried out on the basis of the Center for collective use of scientific equipment «Experimental Physiology and Biophysics» of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology and Biophysics of the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. The research of the biological effect of the acetylsalicylic acid, АСCo2+, АСZn2+, АСNi2+, АСMn2+was carried out during their intraperitoneal injection into rats in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Simultaneously the following characteristics of all the groups’ animals were registered: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The pulse pressure (PP) was calculated on the basis of the SBP and DBP indices difference. BP, HR and RR of the rats were registered with the help of the system NIBP200A («BiopacSystems, Inc.», USA). The experimental data obtained in our studies confirm the literature data, which show that in the process of complexation there is not only an increase or decrease in certain effects that are characteristic of precursor molecules-salicylates, but also the appearance of new properties of derived substances. This suggests that certain biological effects of salicylates may be associated with interaction with metalloenzymes. Thus, the obtained data confirm the cardiotropic effectiveness of new coordination compounds, show the dose dependence of these effects and open up the prospects for further studies of their biological action when used repeatedly in chronic experiments.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90082720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-63-74
O. Grebennikova, R. Pilkevich
The physiological and biochemical parameters of 6 genotypes of genus Ficus species leaves, associated with drought tolerance during the periods of the summer drought on the Southern coast of Crimea were determined. The specific features of the water regime of the species F. carica, F. palmata, F. virgata under the influence of drought factors were revealed. The species F. virgata turned out to be the most sensitive to insufficient water supply. Weak ability to retain moisture and insufficient turgidity was observed in the leaves of the varieties Krymskiy Cherniy and Opylitel Nikitskiy. Leaves of the species F. palmata are characterized by reduced water cut, good water-holding ability and restore tissue turgor at a high level. Protective and adaptive reactions to water stress of the leaves of the Sabrutsiya Rozovaya and Sary Stambulskiy varieties are manifested in the economical use of moisture and protects tissues from excessive dehydration, which ensures a sufficient level of repair for normal physiological processes. It was established that at different periods of the summer season, the biochemical parameters of the studied genotypes at different stages of the experiment varied differently. At the beginning of the summer period, in most of the studied genotypes, the content of proline decreased under full leaves watering, with the restoration of turgidity, it increased, and at the end of the summer, the opposite changes occurred. The activity of peroxidase during restoration of tissue turgor at the beginning of the summer period increased and decreased to a minimum at the end of summer. Catalase activity at the beginning of the summer period decreased with watering the leaves and increased with wilting but at the end of the summer demonstrated no changes with watering and wilting of the leaves and varied in different directions when the turgor was restored. The activity of polyphenol oxidase at the beginning of the summer period at the stage of complete watering and restoration of turgor increased in most genotypes, changed in different directions when wilting, and in late summer it decreased during watering and restoration of turgor and increased after wilting. Despite the amplification of the drought factors, at the end of the summer period the leaves of the studied genotypes preserved the possibility to carry out normal metabolic processes to a greater extent. It was revealed that the proline content, the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase contribute significantly to the adaptation to drought of the studied genus Ficus species. Analysis of the obtained data allows suggesting that the varieties Sabrutsiya Rozovaya, Sary Stambulskiy and the species F. palmata, which have good water-holding abilities, a high degree of repair after critical dehydration and the ability of the antioxidant system to quickly respond to extreme conditions display the highest adaptive ability to the hydrothermal stress effects, which indicates their relativ
{"title":"COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SOME FICUS SPECIES AND VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF SUMMER MOISTURE DEFICIT ON THE SOUTHERN COAST OF CRIMEA","authors":"O. Grebennikova, R. Pilkevich","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-63-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-63-74","url":null,"abstract":"The physiological and biochemical parameters of 6 genotypes of genus Ficus species leaves, associated with drought tolerance during the periods of the summer drought on the Southern coast of Crimea were determined. The specific features of the water regime of the species F. carica, F. palmata, F. virgata under the influence of drought factors were revealed. The species F. virgata turned out to be the most sensitive to insufficient water supply. Weak ability to retain moisture and insufficient turgidity was observed in the leaves of the varieties Krymskiy Cherniy and Opylitel Nikitskiy. Leaves of the species F. palmata are characterized by reduced water cut, good water-holding ability and restore tissue turgor at a high level. Protective and adaptive reactions to water stress of the leaves of the Sabrutsiya Rozovaya and Sary Stambulskiy varieties are manifested in the economical use of moisture and protects tissues from excessive dehydration, which ensures a sufficient level of repair for normal physiological processes. It was established that at different periods of the summer season, the biochemical parameters of the studied genotypes at different stages of the experiment varied differently. At the beginning of the summer period, in most of the studied genotypes, the content of proline decreased under full leaves watering, with the restoration of turgidity, it increased, and at the end of the summer, the opposite changes occurred. The activity of peroxidase during restoration of tissue turgor at the beginning of the summer period increased and decreased to a minimum at the end of summer. Catalase activity at the beginning of the summer period decreased with watering the leaves and increased with wilting but at the end of the summer demonstrated no changes with watering and wilting of the leaves and varied in different directions when the turgor was restored. The activity of polyphenol oxidase at the beginning of the summer period at the stage of complete watering and restoration of turgor increased in most genotypes, changed in different directions when wilting, and in late summer it decreased during watering and restoration of turgor and increased after wilting. Despite the amplification of the drought factors, at the end of the summer period the leaves of the studied genotypes preserved the possibility to carry out normal metabolic processes to a greater extent. It was revealed that the proline content, the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase contribute significantly to the adaptation to drought of the studied genus Ficus species. Analysis of the obtained data allows suggesting that the varieties Sabrutsiya Rozovaya, Sary Stambulskiy and the species F. palmata, which have good water-holding abilities, a high degree of repair after critical dehydration and the ability of the antioxidant system to quickly respond to extreme conditions display the highest adaptive ability to the hydrothermal stress effects, which indicates their relativ","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84490934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-163-178
А. Y. Prosekov
Forests are a unique environmental phenomenon, since their space serves as the fundamental basis for the life of an innumerable number of biological species. Significant integral limited territories of forests are important ecosystems of our planet and have a significant impact on climate and biological processes. Mixed or single-breed, mountain or plain, dense or well-groomed, the forest as a self-regulating system with its life cycle is directly related to the natural balance. Currently, fragmentation, degradation and loss of natural habitats of animals are recognized as serious threats to the conservation of wildlife around the world. First of all, these changes are anthropogenic in nature and directly affect forests as a sphere of existence of the animal world. This issue is updated in the works of modern domestic and foreign scientists. Fragmentation, deterioration, and destruction of natural animal habitats are major threats to global wildlife conservation. The article introduces some results of monitoring the existing data on the layout chart, exportation, and protection of hunting grounds on the territory of the Kemerovo region (Kuzbass). The data were provided by the Kemerovo Regional Department of Wildlife Protection. The article focuses on the population of large game species, e.g. elks. The research covered two municipalities, namely Krapivinsky and Topkinsky municipal districts. The study proved that monitoring data analysis can provide reliable initial assessment of the changes that happen to the hunting grounds and the local biodiversity as a result of natural and man-induced processes. A comparative analysis of game population in several economic zones of the Kemerovo region revealed a strong connection between the uneven growth and / or decrease in the animal population on the hunting grounds and the level of forest coverage. Based on the study of monitoring data, analysis of comparative material on the number of hunting species in different economic zones of the Kemerovo region revealed the existence of natural connections between uneven growth and/or reducing the number of animals on the hunting grounds, and’s forest coverage rate. The study confirms and complements the research of Russian and foreign researchers on the complex influence of anthropogenic and biological factors on changes in the parameters of the population of hunting species (elk). The obtained results contribute to modern research on the mechanisms of population regulation. To improve the efficiency of hunting resources use, it is necessary to conduct on-farm management with the introduction of new methods of land quality assessment based on forest management materials in geoinformation systems. These points fit into the prospects of our further research.
{"title":"EFFECT OF FOREST COVERAGE ON THE DYNAMICS OF ELK POPULATION IN SOME AREAS OF KUZBASS","authors":"А. Y. Prosekov","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-163-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-163-178","url":null,"abstract":"Forests are a unique environmental phenomenon, since their space serves as the fundamental basis for the life of an innumerable number of biological species. Significant integral limited territories of forests are important ecosystems of our planet and have a significant impact on climate and biological processes. Mixed or single-breed, mountain or plain, dense or well-groomed, the forest as a self-regulating system with its life cycle is directly related to the natural balance. Currently, fragmentation, degradation and loss of natural habitats of animals are recognized as serious threats to the conservation of wildlife around the world. First of all, these changes are anthropogenic in nature and directly affect forests as a sphere of existence of the animal world. This issue is updated in the works of modern domestic and foreign scientists. Fragmentation, deterioration, and destruction of natural animal habitats are major threats to global wildlife conservation. The article introduces some results of monitoring the existing data on the layout chart, exportation, and protection of hunting grounds on the territory of the Kemerovo region (Kuzbass). The data were provided by the Kemerovo Regional Department of Wildlife Protection. The article focuses on the population of large game species, e.g. elks. The research covered two municipalities, namely Krapivinsky and Topkinsky municipal districts. The study proved that monitoring data analysis can provide reliable initial assessment of the changes that happen to the hunting grounds and the local biodiversity as a result of natural and man-induced processes. A comparative analysis of game population in several economic zones of the Kemerovo region revealed a strong connection between the uneven growth and / or decrease in the animal population on the hunting grounds and the level of forest coverage. Based on the study of monitoring data, analysis of comparative material on the number of hunting species in different economic zones of the Kemerovo region revealed the existence of natural connections between uneven growth and/or reducing the number of animals on the hunting grounds, and’s forest coverage rate. The study confirms and complements the research of Russian and foreign researchers on the complex influence of anthropogenic and biological factors on changes in the parameters of the population of hunting species (elk). The obtained results contribute to modern research on the mechanisms of population regulation. To improve the efficiency of hunting resources use, it is necessary to conduct on-farm management with the introduction of new methods of land quality assessment based on forest management materials in geoinformation systems. These points fit into the prospects of our further research.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86456891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-3-13
L. Ayba, Y. Abilfazova, O. Belous
On the basis of the Institute of Agriculture of Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia (Sukhum) there is a collection of sweet Actinidia, research on the introduction and selection of kiwi is actively being conducted, the forms of trellises, planting schemes, crown formation, optimal harvest times, etc. are being studied. Since 2003, research has been conducted to obtain varieties of sweet Actinidia, characterized by less pubescence of the fruit or its complete absence. This article discusses the changes in the biochemical composition of kiwi fruits, depending on the timing of their collection. Objects of research are promising kiwi varieties with hairless skin grown in number lecture plantation IAASA Gulripshyi district of the Abkhazia Republic: Pobeditel, Otchara, Apsny, Gulripshskyj. The fruits were selected in two terms – during the physiological maturity period (the second decade of November) and during the consumer maturity period (the first decade of January). The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Subtropical Scientific Centre, Sochi, Russia Federation) using classical methods. The fruits of the new varieties of kiwi without pubescence skin were characterized by a more pronounced dark color of the peel (compared to the classic varieties), small-fruited (no more than 6.0 cm in size), multi-seeded and lack of pubescence. The flesh of the fruit is greenish-yellow in color with a rich sweet taste and a delicate consistency, different from the pubescent varieties of kiwi. Among the studied varieties cv. Pobeditel was distinguished by a light green and sweet-tasting pulp, with a large number of seeds. The Otchara variety was distinguished by a slightly noticeable pubescence of the fruit and a very thin skin. The flesh of the fruit is light green, loose, with a large number of seeds. In the variety of the fruits are larger, with a large number of seeds. The flesh is light green with a brownish tinge compared to the Gulripshskyj variety, which has a lighter flesh, also with more seeds. It is shown that valuable biochemical components (soluble solids, sugars and organic acids) accumulate more than others in the fruits of the Pobeditel variety. The variation (V, %) of these traits in fruits depends on the variety and the harvest period. By the second harvest period (January), all fruits showed a decrease in the content of ascorbic acid, in the varieties Apsny, Otchara and Gulripshskyj to 40–47 % of the November amount, in the Pobeditel variety by January, the amount of vitamin C was 23 % of the original. The content of ascorbic acid is most dependent on the harvest period, the coefficient of variation depending on the variety is 12.03 % (Gulripshskyj) – 42.31 % (Pobeditel). Fruits taken at a later date (January) contain a higher amount of dry matter, which indicates that the assimilation processes in the fruit continue until January. In the fruits taken in January, synthetic maturation processes continue, as a
{"title":"CHANGES IN THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS IN KIWI FRUITS DUE TO THE PERIOD OF THEIR COLLECTION","authors":"L. Ayba, Y. Abilfazova, O. Belous","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-3-13","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of the Institute of Agriculture of Academy of Sciences of Abkhazia (Sukhum) there is a collection of sweet Actinidia, research on the introduction and selection of kiwi is actively being conducted, the forms of trellises, planting schemes, crown formation, optimal harvest times, etc. are being studied. Since 2003, research has been conducted to obtain varieties of sweet Actinidia, characterized by less pubescence of the fruit or its complete absence. This article discusses the changes in the biochemical composition of kiwi fruits, depending on the timing of their collection. Objects of research are promising kiwi varieties with hairless skin grown in number lecture plantation IAASA Gulripshyi district of the Abkhazia Republic: Pobeditel, Otchara, Apsny, Gulripshskyj. The fruits were selected in two terms – during the physiological maturity period (the second decade of November) and during the consumer maturity period (the first decade of January). The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Subtropical Scientific Centre, Sochi, Russia Federation) using classical methods. The fruits of the new varieties of kiwi without pubescence skin were characterized by a more pronounced dark color of the peel (compared to the classic varieties), small-fruited (no more than 6.0 cm in size), multi-seeded and lack of pubescence. The flesh of the fruit is greenish-yellow in color with a rich sweet taste and a delicate consistency, different from the pubescent varieties of kiwi. Among the studied varieties cv. Pobeditel was distinguished by a light green and sweet-tasting pulp, with a large number of seeds. The Otchara variety was distinguished by a slightly noticeable pubescence of the fruit and a very thin skin. The flesh of the fruit is light green, loose, with a large number of seeds. In the variety of the fruits are larger, with a large number of seeds. The flesh is light green with a brownish tinge compared to the Gulripshskyj variety, which has a lighter flesh, also with more seeds. It is shown that valuable biochemical components (soluble solids, sugars and organic acids) accumulate more than others in the fruits of the Pobeditel variety. The variation (V, %) of these traits in fruits depends on the variety and the harvest period. By the second harvest period (January), all fruits showed a decrease in the content of ascorbic acid, in the varieties Apsny, Otchara and Gulripshskyj to 40–47 % of the November amount, in the Pobeditel variety by January, the amount of vitamin C was 23 % of the original. The content of ascorbic acid is most dependent on the harvest period, the coefficient of variation depending on the variety is 12.03 % (Gulripshskyj) – 42.31 % (Pobeditel). Fruits taken at a later date (January) contain a higher amount of dry matter, which indicates that the assimilation processes in the fruit continue until January. In the fruits taken in January, synthetic maturation processes continue, as a","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90768550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-156-168
A. A. Portugalskaia, G. J. Levenchik, V. Pavlenko
Previously, researchers hypothesized that the emergence of a system of mirror neurons (MNS) in the process of evolution could be a key mechanism that ensured the appearance of speech in humans. The aim of this work was to establish a relationship between the activity of the MNS in the perception of speech messages, indicators of intelligence and empathy. 25 healthy men and women (18–35 years old) were test subjects. We found that when observing hand movements with a computer mouse on a monitor screen and performing such movements independently, the power of EEG mu- and tau rhythms in the central and temporal cortical regions decreased in subjects. Based on this, we consider it probable that a certain contribution to the dynamics of neocortex activity in this situation is made by the activation of neurons in the MNS. Upon presentation of speech utterances to the research participants, the EEG amplitude changed, including in the range of the alpha rhythm. The most pronounced EEG changes developed 0.3–0.5 s after the end of the keywords. The processing of information during the perception of the phrase “I raise my hands and raise my head” in most of the subjects was reflected in the desynchronization of the indicated rhythm. The perception of the absurd phrase «I run around my hands and run around my head» was often accompanied by an increase in EEG oscillations in the range of the alpha rhythm. The perception of such a phrase, including the awareness of its contradiction to common sense, apparently caused stress in memory processes with an attempt to actively inhibit irrelevant information. These processes probably led to an increase in the amplitude of mu and tau rhythms in the central and temporal regions of the neocortex. The subjects with the highest IQs showed the greatest activation of the mu-rhythm when perceiving the correct phrase. When an absurd phrase was perceived, the greatest desynchronization in the central regions of the neocortex developed in subjects with high indices of various dimensions of empathy. Probably people with a high level of empathy, i.e. with a good development of emotional intelligence, they more easily and quickly realized the absurdity of the specified phrase. We consider the obtained results as evidence of the participation of MNS in the perception and awareness of speech messages describing a person’s physical actions.
{"title":"THE ACTIVITY OF THE MIRROR SYSTEM OF THE BRAIN DURING THE PERCEPTION OF SPEECH AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LEVEL OF INTELLIGENCE AND EMPATHY","authors":"A. A. Portugalskaia, G. J. Levenchik, V. Pavlenko","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-156-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-156-168","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, researchers hypothesized that the emergence of a system of mirror neurons (MNS) in the process of evolution could be a key mechanism that ensured the appearance of speech in humans. The aim of this work was to establish a relationship between the activity of the MNS in the perception of speech messages, indicators of intelligence and empathy. 25 healthy men and women (18–35 years old) were test subjects. We found that when observing hand movements with a computer mouse on a monitor screen and performing such movements independently, the power of EEG mu- and tau rhythms in the central and temporal cortical regions decreased in subjects. Based on this, we consider it probable that a certain contribution to the dynamics of neocortex activity in this situation is made by the activation of neurons in the MNS. Upon presentation of speech utterances to the research participants, the EEG amplitude changed, including in the range of the alpha rhythm. The most pronounced EEG changes developed 0.3–0.5 s after the end of the keywords. The processing of information during the perception of the phrase “I raise my hands and raise my head” in most of the subjects was reflected in the desynchronization of the indicated rhythm. The perception of the absurd phrase «I run around my hands and run around my head» was often accompanied by an increase in EEG oscillations in the range of the alpha rhythm. The perception of such a phrase, including the awareness of its contradiction to common sense, apparently caused stress in memory processes with an attempt to actively inhibit irrelevant information. These processes probably led to an increase in the amplitude of mu and tau rhythms in the central and temporal regions of the neocortex. The subjects with the highest IQs showed the greatest activation of the mu-rhythm when perceiving the correct phrase. When an absurd phrase was perceived, the greatest desynchronization in the central regions of the neocortex developed in subjects with high indices of various dimensions of empathy. Probably people with a high level of empathy, i.e. with a good development of emotional intelligence, they more easily and quickly realized the absurdity of the specified phrase. We consider the obtained results as evidence of the participation of MNS in the perception and awareness of speech messages describing a person’s physical actions.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81545255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-256-261
O. Khaeva, L. Ikoeva
In conditions of multiple drug resistance of microorganisms to recently used drugs, the search for new chemotherapeutic agents with a pronounced bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect with low toxicity and teratogenicity remains relevant. Chromone derivatives with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity (membrane-stabilizing, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antioxidant) are promising compounds for the search for new generation chemotherapeutic drugs. As a result of the study, it was found that gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus shows the highest sensitivity to the studied compounds when growing on a liquid nutrient medium. The studied compounds are also active against pathogenic strains of Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (IPC) of the most active substances in relation to St. strains aureus is 10 μg/ml for 7-acetoxy-3-(p-bromophenyl)iminomethylchromone, and for 3-(p-bromophenyl)-iminomethylchromone and 7-acetoxy-3-(p-sulfamidophenyl)iminomethylchromone – 20 μg/ml. For 7-acetoxy-3- (p-bromophenyl)iminomethylchromone and 3-(p-bromophenyl)iminomethylchromone, a high antibacterial activity was revealed with respect to the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis – MPC – 20 μg / ml. The synthesized compounds exhibit a low bacteriostatic activity with respect to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Experimental studies have shown that the nature and position of substituents in the structure of 3–aryliminomethylchromones affects their antibacterial activity against strains of gram-positive bacteria Staphulococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, a strain of gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli. The presence in the series of synthesized 3–aryliminomethylchromones of compounds with high bacteriostatic activity at the level of an antibacterial drug from the group of sulfonamides – norsulfazole was established.
{"title":"ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 3-ARILYMINOMETHYLCHROMONES","authors":"O. Khaeva, L. Ikoeva","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-256-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-3-256-261","url":null,"abstract":"In conditions of multiple drug resistance of microorganisms to recently used drugs, the search for new chemotherapeutic agents with a pronounced bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect with low toxicity and teratogenicity remains relevant. Chromone derivatives with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity (membrane-stabilizing, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antioxidant) are promising compounds for the search for new generation chemotherapeutic drugs. As a result of the study, it was found that gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus shows the highest sensitivity to the studied compounds when growing on a liquid nutrient medium. The studied compounds are also active against pathogenic strains of Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (IPC) of the most active substances in relation to St. strains aureus is 10 μg/ml for 7-acetoxy-3-(p-bromophenyl)iminomethylchromone, and for 3-(p-bromophenyl)-iminomethylchromone and 7-acetoxy-3-(p-sulfamidophenyl)iminomethylchromone – 20 μg/ml. For 7-acetoxy-3- (p-bromophenyl)iminomethylchromone and 3-(p-bromophenyl)iminomethylchromone, a high antibacterial activity was revealed with respect to the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis – MPC – 20 μg / ml. The synthesized compounds exhibit a low bacteriostatic activity with respect to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Experimental studies have shown that the nature and position of substituents in the structure of 3–aryliminomethylchromones affects their antibacterial activity against strains of gram-positive bacteria Staphulococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, a strain of gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli. The presence in the series of synthesized 3–aryliminomethylchromones of compounds with high bacteriostatic activity at the level of an antibacterial drug from the group of sulfonamides – norsulfazole was established.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75450025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-26-35
S. Bolychevsky, E. Zinchenko, I. V. Miroshniçhenko
In the prenatal period, neural networks undergo the most significant morphological changes and subsequent functional transformations. The influence of a combination of factors of passive tobacco smoking to the development of the central mechanisms of respiratory control in the prenatal period remains unexplored. The present study was devoted to the study of the prenatal effect of passive smoking factors on the functioning of the central mechanisms of respiratory control in newborn rat. The study was carried out on 107 isolated brain stem-spinal cord preparations of the brain of newborn white outbred rats in vitro. Passive smoking was modeled by fumigating experimental animals with cigarette smoke. To simulate the hypercapnic effect, the bulbospinal preparations were perfused for 10 minutes with a solution of artificial cerebrospinal fluid with a saturated gas mixture, consisting of 10 % CO2 and 90 % O2; to simulate hypoxic exposure, the preparations were irrigated with a solution of artificial cerebrospinal fluid with a saturated gas mixture for 20 minutes 5 % CO2 and 95 % N2. As a result of the study, it was found that in newborn rats that underwent prenatal passive smoking, there is a high frequency of generation of inspiratory discharges, a shift in the spectral power density peaks of respiratory discharges in both ranges towards low frequencies, a decrease in their power, a decrease in the amplitude and a shorter duration of inspiratory discharges. in comparison with intact animals. A feature of the reaction to hypoxia in newborn rats who have undergone prenatal passive smoking is a late formation of the hypoxic depression of respiratory rhythm, reaction to hypercapnia characterized by no reduction in duration respiratory cycle. Thus performed by us research shows that prenatal secondhand smoke affects the mechanism of formation of the respiratory rhythm and pattern and also modifies the respiratory response to change in the partial tension of respiratory gases in cerebrospinal fluid in vitro.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF PRENATAL PASSIVE SMOKING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL RESPIRATORY REGULATION MECHANISM IN NEWBORN RATS IN VITRO","authors":"S. Bolychevsky, E. Zinchenko, I. V. Miroshniçhenko","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-26-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-1-26-35","url":null,"abstract":"In the prenatal period, neural networks undergo the most significant morphological changes and subsequent functional transformations. The influence of a combination of factors of passive tobacco smoking to the development of the central mechanisms of respiratory control in the prenatal period remains unexplored. The present study was devoted to the study of the prenatal effect of passive smoking factors on the functioning of the central mechanisms of respiratory control in newborn rat. The study was carried out on 107 isolated brain stem-spinal cord preparations of the brain of newborn white outbred rats in vitro. Passive smoking was modeled by fumigating experimental animals with cigarette smoke. To simulate the hypercapnic effect, the bulbospinal preparations were perfused for 10 minutes with a solution of artificial cerebrospinal fluid with a saturated gas mixture, consisting of 10 % CO2 and 90 % O2; to simulate hypoxic exposure, the preparations were irrigated with a solution of artificial cerebrospinal fluid with a saturated gas mixture for 20 minutes 5 % CO2 and 95 % N2. As a result of the study, it was found that in newborn rats that underwent prenatal passive smoking, there is a high frequency of generation of inspiratory discharges, a shift in the spectral power density peaks of respiratory discharges in both ranges towards low frequencies, a decrease in their power, a decrease in the amplitude and a shorter duration of inspiratory discharges. in comparison with intact animals. A feature of the reaction to hypoxia in newborn rats who have undergone prenatal passive smoking is a late formation of the hypoxic depression of respiratory rhythm, reaction to hypercapnia characterized by no reduction in duration respiratory cycle. Thus performed by us research shows that prenatal secondhand smoke affects the mechanism of formation of the respiratory rhythm and pattern and also modifies the respiratory response to change in the partial tension of respiratory gases in cerebrospinal fluid in vitro.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73366827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-127-142
A. Sverdrup, L. Frolova
The paper presents the results of a study of the hypothetical evolution of unicellular hydrobionts from Verhniy Kaban Lake of Kazan by 18S rRNA marker gene with aim of identifying species saprobity based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. Verhniy Kaban Lake is an isolated freshwater reservoir. Its coastline is relatively smooth except for the northern end, which forms swampy and overgrown bay. To the West of lake an urban settlement is situated and to the East are highway and garden plots. Lake length is about 1 km, average and maximum widths are 245 m and 370 m respectively. Deepest point is 15 m; average depth is 8 m; lake area – 25 hectares. Quality of lake water is classified as polluted. One of methods used for ecological assessment of water reservoirs is the bioindication method based on ability of indicator species to survive in water of certain pollution degree. At present, freshwater hydrobiont species from V.Sladechek’s list (1973) are used as indicators. Indicator species lists expand very slowly due to the long process of experimental observations. At the same time, price drop of the next-generation sequencing technologies allows to identify more organisms and run molecular phylogenetic analysis with aim of identifying species saprobity based on study of hypothetic evolution of hydrobionts by marker genes including 18S rRNA. The advantage of using 18S rRNA/16S rRNA ribosomal genes is that they are present in all organisms. Ribosomal genes are ones of the most conservative genes. Therefore, the systematic position of the organism and the time of divergence with closely related species can be determined via analysis of similarities and differences in rRNA sequences. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbour joining (NJ) and maximal parsimony (MP) methods for Verhniy Kaban Lake hydrobionts identified with next-generation sequencing method (Illumina) by 18S rRNA marker gene (SRR7510986, SRR7465374, SRR7516513). Phylogenetic analysis of hydrobionts of Verhniy Kaban Lake by 18S rRNA marker gene revealed 12 clusters with a high bootstrap value (68–100 %), containing 12 existing indicator species of hydrobionts and 13 unicellular algae and ciliates – indicator species of different saprobity that did not previously have the status of bioindicators – algae: Diplosphaera mucosa (o-b-saprobity), Mucidosphaerium pulchellum (p-a-saprobity), Dinobryon pediforme (b-mesosaprobity), Gomphoneis minuta (b-mesosaprobity), Nitzschia amphibia (o-b-saprobity), Rhabdonema adriaticum (o-b-saprobity), Synura mammillosa (b-o-saprobity), Cryptomonas ozolini (b-mesosaprobity); ciliates: Astylozoon enriquesi (b-mesosaprobity), Blepharocorys curvigula (p-saprobity), Enchelys gasterosteus (p-saprobity), Monocoronella carnea (a-b-mesosaprobity), Plagiopogon loricatus (b-a-mesosaprobity). Most identified indicator species group near b-mesosaprobity. This indicates ecological state of Verhniy Kaban Lake as polluted by ecological assessments.
{"title":"SAPROBITY IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROBIONT SPECIES OF VERHNIY KABAN LAKE OF KAZAN BY 18S rRNA MARKER GENE","authors":"A. Sverdrup, L. Frolova","doi":"10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-127-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-4-127-142","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a study of the hypothetical evolution of unicellular hydrobionts from Verhniy Kaban Lake of Kazan by 18S rRNA marker gene with aim of identifying species saprobity based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. Verhniy Kaban Lake is an isolated freshwater reservoir. Its coastline is relatively smooth except for the northern end, which forms swampy and overgrown bay. To the West of lake an urban settlement is situated and to the East are highway and garden plots. Lake length is about 1 km, average and maximum widths are 245 m and 370 m respectively. Deepest point is 15 m; average depth is 8 m; lake area – 25 hectares. Quality of lake water is classified as polluted. One of methods used for ecological assessment of water reservoirs is the bioindication method based on ability of indicator species to survive in water of certain pollution degree. At present, freshwater hydrobiont species from V.Sladechek’s list (1973) are used as indicators. Indicator species lists expand very slowly due to the long process of experimental observations. At the same time, price drop of the next-generation sequencing technologies allows to identify more organisms and run molecular phylogenetic analysis with aim of identifying species saprobity based on study of hypothetic evolution of hydrobionts by marker genes including 18S rRNA. The advantage of using 18S rRNA/16S rRNA ribosomal genes is that they are present in all organisms. Ribosomal genes are ones of the most conservative genes. Therefore, the systematic position of the organism and the time of divergence with closely related species can be determined via analysis of similarities and differences in rRNA sequences. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbour joining (NJ) and maximal parsimony (MP) methods for Verhniy Kaban Lake hydrobionts identified with next-generation sequencing method (Illumina) by 18S rRNA marker gene (SRR7510986, SRR7465374, SRR7516513). Phylogenetic analysis of hydrobionts of Verhniy Kaban Lake by 18S rRNA marker gene revealed 12 clusters with a high bootstrap value (68–100 %), containing 12 existing indicator species of hydrobionts and 13 unicellular algae and ciliates – indicator species of different saprobity that did not previously have the status of bioindicators – algae: Diplosphaera mucosa (o-b-saprobity), Mucidosphaerium pulchellum (p-a-saprobity), Dinobryon pediforme (b-mesosaprobity), Gomphoneis minuta (b-mesosaprobity), Nitzschia amphibia (o-b-saprobity), Rhabdonema adriaticum (o-b-saprobity), Synura mammillosa (b-o-saprobity), Cryptomonas ozolini (b-mesosaprobity); ciliates: Astylozoon enriquesi (b-mesosaprobity), Blepharocorys curvigula (p-saprobity), Enchelys gasterosteus (p-saprobity), Monocoronella carnea (a-b-mesosaprobity), Plagiopogon loricatus (b-a-mesosaprobity). Most identified indicator species group near b-mesosaprobity. This indicates ecological state of Verhniy Kaban Lake as polluted by ecological assessments.","PeriodicalId":21653,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80103039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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